The Book of Oaths and Vows - Sunan an-Nasa'i 3784

"If you swear an oath, then you see something better than it, then offer expiation for your oath, and do that which is better."

Commentary on the Hadith

This noble hadith establishes a fundamental principle in Islamic jurisprudence regarding oaths. When a Muslim swears to do or refrain from something, but subsequently recognizes a course of action superior to what was sworn, the Shari'ah provides this merciful alternative.

The phrase "see something better" refers to recognizing an action more beneficial, more righteous, or containing greater good than what was originally sworn. This demonstrates Islam's flexibility and concern for human welfare over rigid adherence to vows.

"Offer expiation for your oath" refers to the kaffarah prescribed in Surah Al-Ma'idah (5:89), which involves feeding ten needy persons, clothing them, or freeing a slave. For those unable to perform these, fasting three days suffices.

"Do that which is better" emphasizes the obligation to pursue the superior alternative once expiation is made. This teaching prevents Muslims from being trapped by their oaths into committing lesser good when greater good is apparent.

Legal Rulings Derived

This hadith proves the permissibility of breaking an oath when a better alternative emerges. The expiation serves as purification for the broken vow.

Scholars agree this ruling applies to permissible oaths only, not vows involving disobedience to Allah. An oath to commit sin must be broken without expiation.

The recognition of "better" is based on Islamic principles - what brings one closer to Allah, benefits others, or prevents harm. Personal preference alone doesn't suffice.