The Book of Oaths and Vows - Sunan an-Nasa'i 3828

"The Messenger of Allah said: 'Whoever swears an oath and says: If Allah wills, then he has made an exception.'"

Commentary on the Hadith

This noble hadith establishes the Islamic principle of istithna' (exception) when making oaths. The phrase "In sha' Allah" (If Allah wills) serves as a conditional clause that prevents one from falling into perjury if circumstances prevent fulfillment of the oath.

Scholars explain that this exception reflects proper tawakkul (reliance on Allah) and acknowledges that all matters are ultimately in Divine control. Without this exception, one risks breaking their oath due to unforeseen circumstances beyond their control.

The wisdom behind this teaching is to combine determination with humility - one should be sincere in their intention to fulfill oaths while recognizing that only Allah decrees what will actually occur.

Legal Implications

According to the majority of scholars, adding "In sha' Allah" when swearing an oath makes the oath conditional upon Divine will. If the sworn matter does not occur, one is not considered to have broken their oath and no expiation is required.

This exception can be made explicitly or implicitly in one's intention. However, the Sunnah practice is to verbalize it to cultivate constant remembrance of Allah's sovereignty in all affairs.