The Book of Oaths and Vows - Sunan an-Nasa'i 3855

"The Messenger of Allah said: 'Whoever swears an oath and says: "If Allah wills, then he has made an exception."'"

Commentary on the Hadith

This noble hadith from Sunan an-Nasa'i establishes the Islamic principle of "istithna'" (making exception) when taking oaths. The phrase "In sha' Allah" (if Allah wills) serves as a conditional clause that preserves the humility of the believer before Divine Decree.

Scholars explain that when a Muslim swears to do something in the future, they must acknowledge their dependence on Allah's will. This exception protects from unintentional oath-breaking if circumstances prevent fulfillment. The wisdom lies in recognizing that human capability is subject to Allah's permission.

Imam An-Nawawi commented that this exception is recommended (mustahabb) for all future matters, reflecting proper Islamic etiquette. It demonstrates the believer's consciousness of Allah's ultimate control over all affairs and prevents the sin of broken oaths due to unforeseen circumstances.

Legal Rulings and Applications

The majority of scholars hold that adding "In sha' Allah" makes the oath conditional. If the sworn action doesn't occur due to valid reasons, no expiation (kaffarah) is required.

This applies to all oaths concerning future actions - whether related to worship, transactions, or personal matters. The exception must be sincere and contemporaneous with the oath.

The practice embodies the Quranic teaching: "And never say of anything, 'Indeed, I will do that tomorrow,' except [when adding], 'If Allah wills'" (Surah Al-Kahf, 23-24).