Jami' at-Tirmidhi
Jami` at-Tirmidhi 724
حَدَّثَنَا نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْجَهْضَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو عَمَّارٍ وَالْمَعْنَى وَاحِدٌ وَاللَّفْظُ لَفْظُ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ قَالاَ أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلَكْتُ . قَالَ " وَمَا أَهْلَكَكَ " . قَالَ وَقَعْتُ عَلَى امْرَأَتِي فِي رَمَضَانَ . قَالَ " هَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تُعْتِقَ رَقَبَةً " . قَالَ لاَ . قَالَ " فَهَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تَصُومَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ " . قَالَ لاَ . قَالَ " فَهَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تُطْعِمَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا " . قَالَ لاَ . قَالَ " اجْلِسْ " . فَجَلَسَ فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِعَرَقٍ فِيهِ تَمْرٌ - وَالْعَرَقُ الْمِكْتَلُ الضَّخْمُ قَالَ " تَصَدَّقْ بِهِ " . فَقَالَ مَا بَيْنَ لاَبَتَيْهَا أَحَدٌ أَفْقَرَ مِنَّا . قَالَ فَضَحِكَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم حَتَّى بَدَتْ أَنْيَابُهُ . قَالَ " فَخُذْهُ فَأَطْعِمْهُ أَهْلَكَ " . قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَعَائِشَةَ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِي مَنْ أَفْطَرَ فِي رَمَضَانَ مُتَعَمِّدًا مِنْ جِمَاعٍ وَأَمَّا مَنْ أَفْطَرَ مُتَعَمِّدًا مِنْ أَكْلٍ أَوْ شُرْبٍ فَإِنَّ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ قَدِ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ وَالْكَفَّارَةُ . وَشَبَّهُوا الأَكْلَ وَالشُّرْبَ بِالْجِمَاعِ . وَهُوَ قَوْلُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ وَإِسْحَاقَ . وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ وَلاَ كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيْهِ لأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا ذُكِرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم الْكَفَّارَةُ فِي الْجِمَاعِ وَلَمْ تُذْكَرْ عَنْهُ فِي الأَكْلِ وَالشُّرْبِ . وَقَالُوا لاَ يُشْبِهُ الأَكْلُ وَالشُّرْبُ الْجِمَاعَ . وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَحْمَدَ . وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَقَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم لِلرَّجُلِ الَّذِي أَفْطَرَ فَتَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْهِ " خُذْهُ فَأَطْعِمْهُ أَهْلَكَ " . يَحْتَمِلُ هَذَا مَعَانِيَ يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ الْكَفَّارَةُ عَلَى مَنْ قَدَرَ عَلَيْهَا وَهَذَا رَجُلٌ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى الْكَفَّارَةِ فَلَمَّا أَعْطَاهُ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم شَيْئًا وَمَلَكَهُ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ مَا أَحَدٌ أَفْقَرَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَّا . فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم " خُذْهُ فَأَطْعِمْهُ أَهْلَكَ " . لأَنَّ الْكَفَّارَةَ إِنَّمَا تَكُونُ بَعْدَ الْفَضْلِ عَنْ قُوتِهِ . وَاخْتَارَ الشَّافِعِيُّ لِمَنْ كَانَ عَلَى مِثْلِ هَذَا الْحَالِ أَنْ يَأْكُلَهُ وَتَكُونَ الْكَفَّارَةُ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنًا فَمَتَى مَا مَلَكَ يَوْمًا مَا كَفَّرَ .
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Nasr bin 'Ali Al-Jahdami and Abu 'Ammar narrated to us; the meaning is the same, and the wording is Abu 'Ammar's. They said: Sufyan bin 'Uyainah informed us, from Az-Zuhri, from Humayd bin 'Abdur-Rahman, from Abu Hurairah, who said: A man came to the Prophet and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, I am ruined.’ He asked, ‘What ruined you?’ The man replied, ‘I had intercourse with my wife during Ramadan.’ The Prophet asked, ‘Can you free a slave?’ He said, ‘No.’ He asked, ‘Can you fast two consecutive months?’ He said, ‘No.’ He asked, ‘Can you feed sixty needy people?’ He said, ‘No.’ He told him, ‘Sit down.’ The man sat. A large basket of dates was brought to the Prophet—the basket was a large container—and he said, ‘Give it in charity.’ The man said, ‘There is no one between the two lava fields of Madinah poorer than us.’ The Prophet laughed until his molars showed, then said, ‘Take it and feed your family.’ Reports on this topic are also narrated from Ibn 'Umar, 'Aishah, and 'Abdullah bin 'Amr. Abu 'Isa said: The hadith of Abu Hurairah is hasan sahih. Scholars apply this hadith to someone who deliberately breaks the Ramadan fast through intercourse. They differed about someone who deliberately breaks it by eating or drinking. Some require both make-up and expiation, treating eating and drinking like intercourse; this was the view of Sufyan Ath-Thawri, Ibn Al-Mubarak, and Ishaq. Others require make-up but not expiation, since expiation is reported from the Prophet for intercourse but not for eating or drinking; they said the two are not equivalent. This was the view of Ash-Shafi'i and Ahmad. Ash-Shafi'i said that when the Prophet told the man who broke his fast, ‘Take it and feed your family,’ this may mean that expiation is required only of someone who can afford it. The man could not afford it, and when the Prophet gave him something he owned, he said that no one needed it more than his family. The Prophet then told him to feed it to his family, because expiation is due only after a person's basic sustenance is covered. Ash-Shafi'i preferred that someone in this situation eat the dates and owe the expiation as a debt, to pay it whenever he becomes able.