Hadith Commentary: The Book on Food - Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1854

This narration from the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) contains three profound commands that lead to Paradise, demonstrating the comprehensive nature of Islamic teachings encompassing social conduct, charity, and defensive warfare.

Spreading the Salam

The command to spread Salam (greetings of peace) establishes social harmony and brotherhood within the Muslim community. Scholars explain that this practice strengthens bonds, removes enmity, and reflects the Islamic emphasis on peace and goodwill.

Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali notes that Salam is among the names of Allah, making its dissemination an act of divine remembrance and a means of earning tremendous reward.

Feeding Others

This command encompasses both feeding the hungry and general hospitality. Classical commentators emphasize that feeding others demonstrates true faith and compassion, following the example of the Prophet who was generous in hosting guests.

Al-Qurtubi explains that this includes feeding relatives, neighbors, orphans, and the poor, with the intention of seeking Allah's pleasure rather than worldly recognition.

Striking the Heads of Disbelievers

This phrase refers specifically to defensive jihad against aggressors who attack Muslims. Scholars clarify this is not general warfare but combat in Allah's cause when the enemy initiates hostility.

Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani explains this command is conditional upon proper Islamic governance declaring jihad and follows strict rules of engagement, protecting non-combatants and avoiding excessive force.

Scholarly Authentication

As noted by Imam Tirmidhi, this hadith is Hasan Sahih Gharib - meaning it has a sound chain of narration with minor uniqueness. The multiple supporting narrations from various companions strengthen its authenticity.

The comprehensive nature of these three commands demonstrates how Islam integrates social welfare, spiritual development, and community defense as interconnected paths to Paradise.