Jami' at-Tirmidhi
Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1109
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " الْيَتِيمَةُ تُسْتَأْمَرُ فِي نَفْسِهَا فَإِنْ صَمَتَتْ فَهُوَ إِذْنُهَا وَإِنْ أَبَتْ فَلاَ جَوَازَ عَلَيْهَا " . قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَعَائِشَةَ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ . وَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ فِي تَزْوِيجِ الْيَتِيمَةِ فَرَأَى بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ الْيَتِيمَةَ إِذَا زُوِّجَتْ فَالنِّكَاحُ مَوْقُوفٌ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ فَلَهَا الْخِيَارُ فِي إِجَازَةِ النِّكَاحِ أَوْ فَسْخِهِ . وَهُوَ قَوْلُ بَعْضِ التَّابِعِينَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ . وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لاَ يَجُوزُ نِكَاحُ الْيَتِيمَةِ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ . وَلاَ يَجُوزُ الْخِيَارُ فِي النِّكَاحِ . وَهُوَ قَوْلُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِمَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ . وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ وَإِسْحَاقُ إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْيَتِيمَةُ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ فَزُوِّجَتْ فَرَضِيَتْ فَالنِّكَاحُ جَائِزٌ وَلاَ خِيَارَ لَهَا إِذَا أَدْرَكَتْ . وَاحْتَجَّا بِحَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بَنَى بِهَا وَهِيَ بِنْتُ تِسْعِ سِنِينَ . وَقَدْ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ فَهِيَ امْرَأَةٌ .
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Qutaybah narrated to us: Abd al-Aziz ibn Muhammad narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Amr, from Abu Salamah, from Abu Hurairah, who said: The Messenger of Allah said: An orphan girl is to be consulted about herself. If she is silent, that is her permission; if she refuses, she cannot be married against her will. It is also reported in this chapter from Abu Musa, Ibn Umar, and Aishah. Abu Isa said: The hadith of Abu Hurairah is hasan.
Scholars differed about marrying off an orphan girl. Some held that if she is married off, the marriage remains suspended until she reaches maturity; when she reaches maturity, she may choose to uphold or annul the marriage. This was the view of some of the Successors and others. Others said that an orphan girl may not be married until she reaches maturity, and that there is no option to annul a marriage. This was the view of Sufyan al-Thawri, al-Shafi'i, and other scholars. Ahmad and Ishaq said: If an orphan girl reaches nine years, is married, and consents, the marriage is valid, and she has no option once she comes of age. They cited the report that the Prophet consummated his marriage with Aishah when she was nine years old. Aishah also said: When a girl reaches nine years, she is a woman.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The English witness adds a parenthetical qualification about puberty that is not present in the Arabic; it is not included in the translation.
قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " الْيَتِيمَةُ تُسْتَأْمَرُ فِي نَفْسِهَا فَإِنْ صَمَتَتْ فَهُوَ إِذْنُهَا وَإِنْ أَبَتْ فَلاَ جَوَازَ عَلَيْهَا " .
The English witness adds a parenthetical qualification about attaining puberty, while the Arabic source states no such parenthesis.
Should the witness's explanatory parenthesis be excluded as an addition absent from the Arabic?