Jami' at-Tirmidhi
Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1111
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " أَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ تَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ سَيِّدِهِ فَهُوَ عَاهِرٌ " . قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ جَابِرٍ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ . وَرَوَى بَعْضُهُمْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم . وَلاَ يَصِحُّ وَالصَّحِيحُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ . وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَغَيْرِهِمْ أَنَّ نِكَاحَ الْعَبْدِ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ سَيِّدِهِ لاَ يَجُوزُ . وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَحْمَدَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَغَيْرِهِمَا بِلَا اخْتِلَافٍ.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ali ibn Hujr narrated to us: al-Walid ibn Muslim informed us, from Zuhayr ibn Muhammad, from Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Aqil, from Jabir ibn Abdullah, from the Prophet, who said: Any slave who marries without his master's permission is a fornicator. It is also reported in this chapter from Ibn Umar. Abu Isa said: The hadith of Jabir is hasan. Some narrated this hadith from Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Aqil, from Ibn Umar, from the Prophet, but that is not sound. The sound version is from Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Aqil, from Jabir. Scholars among the Companions of the Prophet and others act on this: a slave's marriage without his master's permission is not valid. This was the view of Ahmad, Ishaq, and others, with no disagreement.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source uses a severe term for the slave's conduct; the translation follows that wording.
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " أَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ تَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ سَيِّدِهِ فَهُوَ عَاهِرٌ " .
The Arabic uses ʿāhir, a strong term for illicit sexual conduct, applied here to a marriage without the master's permission.
Should the strong wording be rendered literally, or qualified to distinguish the source's terminology from a separate legal finding?