The Chapters On Judgements From The Messenger of Allah

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ʿUthmān told Ibn ʿUmar: “Go and judge between the people.” Ibn ʿUmar replied: “Will you excuse me, Commander of the Faithful?” ʿUthmān asked: “What do you dislike about it? Your father used to judge.” He said: “I heard the Messenger of Allah say: ‘Whoever serves as a judge and judges justly may hope to leave the office with neither loss nor gain.’ What can I hope for after hearing that?” The report includes a longer story. Abū ʿĪsā said: Ibn ʿUmar’s hadith is gharīb, and in my view its chain is not connected. The narrator ʿAbd al-Malik was ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Abī Jamīlah.

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Buraydah reported that the Prophet said: “Judges are of three types: two are in the Fire and one is in Paradise. A man who judges unjustly, knowing that he is doing so, is in the Fire. A judge who lacks knowledge and thereby violates people’s rights is in the Fire. A judge who judges rightly is in Paradise.”

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Anas ibn Mālik reported that the Messenger of Allah said: “Whoever asks to be appointed as a judge is left to himself, but whoever is compelled to serve as one will have an angel sent down to guide him.”

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Anas reported that the Prophet said: “Whoever seeks a judicial post and asks others to intercede for him is left to himself. But whoever is compelled to take the post will have an angel sent down to guide him.” Abū ʿĪsā said: This is a ḥasan gharīb hadith, and it is more accurate than the report of Isrāʾīl from ʿAbd al-Aʿlā.

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Abu Hurairah reported that the Messenger of Allah said: “Whoever takes up the office of judge or is appointed to judge between people has been slaughtered without a knife.” Abū ʿĪsā said: This is a ḥasan gharīb hadith through this chain. It has also been narrated from Abu Hurairah through another chain.

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Abu Hurairah reported that the Messenger of Allah said: “When a judge exercises independent reasoning and reaches the right decision, he receives two rewards; when he exercises independent reasoning and errs, he receives one reward.” Reports on this subject are also narrated from ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ and ʿUqbah ibn ʿĀmir. Abū ʿĪsā said: This is a ḥasan gharīb hadith through this chain. We know it from the transmission of ʿAbd al-Razzāq, from Maʿmar, from Sufyān al-Thawrī, from Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd.

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The Messenger of Allah sent Muʿādh to Yemen and asked: “How will you judge?” He replied: “By what is in Allah’s Book.” The Prophet asked: “If you do not find it in Allah’s Book?” Muʿādh said: “By the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah.” The Prophet asked: “If you do not find it in the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah?” Muʿādh replied: “I will exercise my own judgment.” The Prophet said: “Praise be to Allah, who has guided the messenger of the Messenger of Allah to what pleases the Messenger of Allah.”

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Muʿādh was sent to Yemen. A similar report is narrated from him through people of Ḥimṣ. Abū ʿĪsā said: We know this hadith only through this chain, and in my view its chain is not connected. Abū ʿAwn al-Thaqafī’s name was Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd Allāh.

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Abū Saʿīd reported that the Messenger of Allah said: “The people most beloved to Allah and nearest to Him in station on the Day of Resurrection will be a just ruler, while the people most hated by Allah and farthest from Him in station will be an unjust ruler.” A report on this subject is also narrated from ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Awfā. Abū ʿĪsā said: Abū Saʿīd’s hadith is ḥasan gharīb; we know it only through this chain.

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ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Awfā reported that the Messenger of Allah said: “Allah is with a judge as long as he is not unjust. When he acts unjustly, Allah leaves him, and Satan remains with him.” Abū ʿĪsā said: This is a gharīb hadith. We know it only through the report of ʿImrān al-Qaṭṭān.

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Ḥanash reported that ʿAlī said: “The Messenger of Allah told me: ‘When two people bring a case to you, do not judge in favor of the first until you have heard what the other has to say. Then you will know how to judge.’” ʿAlī said: “I continued to serve as a judge after that.” Abū ʿĪsā said: This is a ḥasan hadith.

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ʿAmr ibn Murrah said to Muʿāwiyah: “I heard the Messenger of Allah say: ‘Whenever a ruler closes his door to people in need, hardship, and poverty, Allah closes the gates of heaven against his own hardship, need, and poverty.’” Muʿāwiyah then appointed a man to attend to people’s needs. A report on this subject is also narrated from Ibn ʿUmar. Abū ʿĪsā said: This is a gharīb hadith, also narrated through another chain. ʿAmr ibn Murrah al-Juhanī was known by the kunya Abū Maryam.

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Abū Maryam, a Companion of the Messenger of Allah, narrated a similar hadith in meaning. Yazīd ibn Abī Maryam was from Syria, Burayd ibn Abī Maryam was from Kūfah, and Abū Maryam was ʿAmr ibn Murrah al-Juhanī.

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Abū Bakrah wrote to his son ʿUbayd Allāh, who was a judge: “Do not judge between two people while you are angry, for I heard the Messenger of Allah say: ‘A judge must not decide between two people while angry.’” Abū ʿĪsā said: This is a ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ hadith. Abū Bakrah’s name was Nufayʿ.

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Muʿādh ibn Jabal said: “The Messenger of Allah sent me to Yemen. After I had set out, he sent someone after me and had me brought back. He said: ‘Do you know why I called you back? Do not take anything without my permission, for that would be misappropriation. Whoever misappropriates something will bring it with him on the Day of Resurrection. I called you back for this reminder; now go and carry out your assignment.’” Reports on this subject are also narrated from ʿAdī ibn ʿUmayrah, Buraydah, al-Mustawrid ibn Shaddād, Abū Ḥumayd, and Ibn ʿUmar. Muʿādh’s hadith is ḥasan gharīb through this chain, which we know only from Abū Usāmah’s report from Dāwūd al-Awdī.

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Abu Hurairah reported that the Messenger of Allah cursed the one who gives a bribe and the one who accepts it in a judgment. Reports on this subject are also narrated from ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr, ʿĀʾishah, Ibn Ḥadīdhah, and Umm Salamah. Abū ʿĪsā said: Abu Hurairah’s hadith is ḥasan. It has also been narrated from Abū Salamah ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, from ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr, from the Prophet. Another version from Abū Salamah, from his father, from the Prophet is not sound. ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said that the report from Abū Salamah, from ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr, is the best and soundest in this chapter.

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ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr reported that the Messenger of Allah cursed the one who gives a bribe and the one who accepts it. Abū ʿĪsā said: This is a ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ hadith.

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Anas ibn Mālik reported that the Messenger of Allah said: “If I were offered a sheep’s trotter, I would accept it; and if I were invited to a meal made from it, I would answer the invitation.” Reports on this subject are also narrated from ʿAlī, ʿĀʾishah, al-Mughīrah ibn Shuʿbah, Salmān, Muʿāwiyah ibn Ḥaydah, and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAlqamah. Anas’s hadith is ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ.

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Umm Salamah reported that the Messenger of Allah said: “You bring your disputes to me, and I am only a human being. Perhaps some of you are more persuasive in presenting their case than others. If I rule in someone’s favor concerning a right that belongs to his brother, I am only cutting off for him a piece of Fire, so he must not take it.” Reports on this subject are also narrated from Abu Hurairah and ʿĀʾishah. Umm Salamah’s hadith is ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ.

Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.

A man from Ḥaḍramawt and a man from Kindah came to the Prophet. The man from Ḥaḍramawt said: “Messenger of Allah, this man has taken land of mine.” The man from Kindah replied: “It is my land and in my possession; he has no right to it.” The Prophet asked the first man: “Do you have proof?” He said: “No.” The Prophet told him: “Then he may swear an oath.” The man said: “Messenger of Allah, he is a wicked man and does not care what he swears to, nor does he refrain from anything.” The Prophet said: “You have no claim against him beyond that.” As the man went to swear, the Messenger of Allah said when he had turned away: “If he swears falsely to consume your property unjustly, he will meet Allah while He turns away from him.” Reports on this subject are also narrated from ʿUmar, Ibn ʿAbbās, ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr, and al-Ashʿath ibn Qays. Wāʾil ibn Ḥujr’s hadith is ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ.