Jami' at-Tirmidhi
Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1351
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " الْعُمْرَى جَائِزَةٌ لأَهْلِهَا وَالرُّقْبَى جَائِزَةٌ لأَهْلِهَا " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ . وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ مَوْقُوفًا وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ . وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَغَيْرِهِمْ أَنَّ الرُّقْبَى جَائِزَةٌ مِثْلَ الْعُمْرَى . وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَحْمَدَ وَإِسْحَاقَ . وَفَرَّقَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ بَيْنَ الْعُمْرَى وَالرُّقْبَى فَأَجَازُوا الْعُمْرَى وَلَمْ يُجِيزُوا الرُّقْبَى . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَتَفْسِيرُ الرُّقْبَى أَنْ يَقُولَ هَذَا الشَّىْءُ لَكَ مَا عِشْتَ فَإِنْ مِتَّ قَبْلِي فَهِيَ رَاجِعَةٌ إِلَىَّ . وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ وَإِسْحَاقُ الرُّقْبَى مِثْلُ الْعُمْرَى وَهِيَ لِمَنْ أُعْطِيَهَا وَلاَ تَرْجِعُ إِلَى الأَوَّلِ .
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Jābir reported that the Messenger of Allah said: “An ʿumrā gift is valid for its recipient, and a ruqbā gift is valid for its recipient.” Abū ʿĪsā said: This is a ḥasan hadith. Some narrators transmitted it from Abū al-Zubayr, from Jābir, as Jābir’s statement rather than attributing it to the Prophet. Some scholars among the Prophet’s Companions and others held that ruqbā is valid like ʿumrā; this is the view of Aḥmad and Isḥāq. Some scholars from Kūfah and elsewhere distinguished between them: they permitted ʿumrā but not ruqbā. Abū ʿĪsā explained ruqbā as saying: “This property is yours for as long as you live; if you die before me, it returns to me.” Aḥmad and Isḥāq held that ruqbā is like ʿumrā: it belongs to the recipient and does not return to the giver.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
ʿUmrā is a lifetime gift; ruqbā is a conditional gift whose wording may make it revert to the giver if the recipient dies first.