Prayers (Salat)

كتاب الصلاة

Chapter 89: The mosques which are on the way to Al-Madina and the places where the Prophet (pbuh) had offered Salat (Prayers)

And the places where the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah Allaah be upon him) prayed.

The narrated Hadith is about the various places on the way from Medina to Mecca where the Prophet (ﷺ) prayed and is not translated.

Chapter 1: How As-Salat (the Prayer) was prescribed on the night of Al-Isra (miraculous night journey) of the Prophet (pbuh) to Jerusalem (and then to the heavens)

Ibn Abbas said that Abu Safian told me in the hadith of Harqal, so he said: He commanded us- meaning the Prophet- may God’s prayers and peace be upon him.
Narrated Abu Dhar

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "While I was at Mecca the roof of my house was opened and Gabriel descended, opened my chest, and washed it with Zamzam water. Then he brought a golden tray full of wisdom and faith and having poured its contents into my chest, he closed it. Then he took my hand and ascended with me to the nearest heaven, when I reached the nearest heaven, Gabriel said to the gatekeeper of the heaven, 'Open (the gate).' The gatekeeper asked, 'Who is it?' Gabriel answered: 'Gabriel.' He asked, 'Is there anyone with you?' Gabriel replied, 'Yes, Muhammad I is with me.' He asked, 'Has he been called?' Gabriel said, 'Yes.' So the gate was opened and we went over the nearest heaven and there we saw a man sitting with some people on his right and some on his left. When he looked towards his right, he laughed and when he looked toward his left he wept. Then he said, 'Welcome! O pious Prophet and pious son.' I asked Gabriel, 'Who is he?' He replied, 'He is Adam and the people on his right and left are the souls of his offspring. Those on his right are the people of Paradise and those on his left are the people of Hell and when he looks towards his right he laughs and when he looks towards his left he weeps.' Then he ascended with me till he reached the second heaven and he (Gabriel) said to its gatekeeper, 'Open (the gate).' The gatekeeper said to him the same as the gatekeeper of the first heaven had said and he opened the gate. Anas said: "Abu Dhar added that the Prophet (ﷺ) met Adam, Idris, Moses, Jesus and Abraham, he (Abu Dhar) did not mention on which heaven they were but he mentioned that he (the Prophet (ﷺ) ) met Adam on the nearest heaven and Abraham on the sixth heaven. Anas said, "When Gabriel along with the Prophet (ﷺ) passed by Idris, the latter said, 'Welcome! O pious Prophet and pious brother.' The Prophet (ﷺ) asked, 'Who is he?' Gabriel replied, 'He is Idris." The Prophet (ﷺ) added, "I passed by Moses and he said, 'Welcome! O pious Prophet and pious brother.' I asked Gabriel, 'Who is he?' Gabriel replied, 'He is Moses.' Then I passed by Jesus and he said, 'Welcome! O pious brother and pious Prophet.' I asked, 'Who is he?' Gabriel replied, 'He is Jesus. Then I passed by Abraham and he said, 'Welcome! O pious Prophet and pious son.' I asked Gabriel, 'Who is he?' Gabriel replied, 'He is Abraham. The Prophet (ﷺ) added, 'Then Gabriel ascended with me to a place where I heard the creaking of the pens." Ibn Hazm and Anas bin Malik said: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Then Allah enjoined fifty prayers on my followers when I returned with this order of Allah, I passed by Moses who asked me, 'What has Allah enjoined on your followers?' I replied, 'He has enjoined fifty prayers on them.' Moses said, 'Go back to your Lord (and appeal for reduction) for your followers will not be able to bear it.' (So I went back to Allah and requested for reduction) and He reduced it to half. When I passed by Moses again and informed him about it, he said, 'Go back to your Lord as your followers will not be able to bear it.' So I returned to Allah and requested for further reduction and half of it was reduced. I again passed by Moses and he said to me: 'Return to your Lord, for your followers will not be able to bear it. So I returned to Allah and He said, 'These are five prayers and they are all (equal to) fifty (in reward) for My Word does not change.' I returned to Moses and he told me to go back once again. I replied, 'Now I feel shy of asking my Lord again.' Then Gabriel took me till we '' reached Sidrat-il-Muntaha (Lote tree of; the utmost boundary) which was shrouded in colors, indescribable. Then I was admitted into Paradise where I found small (tents or) walls (made) of pearls and its earth was of musk."

Chapter 2: It is obligatory to wear clothes while offering As-Salat (the prayers)

And the saying of Allah Almighty: {Take your adornment at every mosque}. Whoever prays wrapped in one garment, and it is mentioned from Salamah ibn al-Akwa that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah Allaah be upon him) said: "He will visit him even with a fork." In his isnaad, he looked, and whoever prayed in the garment in which he had intercourse did not see harm, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah Allaah be upon him) commanded not to circumambulate the house naked.
Narrated Um `Atiya

We were ordered to bring out our menstruating women and veiled women in the religious gatherings and invocation of Muslims on the two `Id festivals. These menstruating women were to keep away from their Musalla. A woman asked, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ' What about one who does not have a veil?" He said, "Let her share the veil of her companion."

Chapter 3: To tie Izar (dress worn below the waist) at one's back while offering Salat (prayers)

Abu Hazem said about Sahel praying with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah Allaah be upon him) and that they would be determined to support them.
Narrated Muhammad bin Al-Munkadir

Once Jabir prayed with his Izar tied to his back while his clothes were Lying beside him on a wooden peg. Somebody asked him, "Do you offer your prayer in a single Izar?" He replied, "I did so to show it to a fool like you. Had anyone of us two garments in the lifetime of the Prophet?"

Chapter 5: If someone offers Salat (prayer) wrapped in a single garment, he should cross its corners round his shoulders

Narrated Abu Huraira

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Whoever prays in a single garment must cross its ends (over the shoulders).

Chapter 6: If the garment is tight (over the body)

Narrated Sa`id bin Al-Harith

I asked Jabir bin `Abdullah about praying in a single garment. He said, "I traveled with the Prophet (ﷺ) during some of his journeys, and I came to him at night for some purpose and I found him praying. At that time, I was wearing a single garment with which I covered my shoulders and prayed by his side. When he finished the prayer, he asked, 'O Jabir! What has brought you here?' I told him what I wanted. When I finished, he asked, 'O Jabir! What is this garment which I have seen and with which you covered your shoulders?' I replied, 'It is a (tight) garment.' He said, 'If the garment is large enough, wrap it round the body (covering the shoulders) and if it is tight (too short) then use it as an Izar (tie it around your waist only.)' "

Chapter 7: To offer As-Salat (the prayers) in a Syrian cloak (made by infidels)

Al -Hasan said in the garment that the Majuis weaves it, and he did not see it with a bad. And Mamar said, I saw Al -Zuhri, wearing the garment of Yemen, what was dyed with the pulp. He prayed on a garment other than short.
Narrated Mughira bin Shu`ba

Once I was traveling with the Prophet (ﷺ) and he said, "O Mughira! take this container of water." I took it and Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) went far away till he disappeared. He answered the call of nature and was wearing a Syrian cloak. He tried to take out his hands from its sleeve but it was very tight so he took out his hands from under it. I poured water and he performed ablution like that for prayers and passed his wet hands over his Khuff (socks made from thick fabric or leather) and then prayed .

Chapter 10: What may be used to cover the private parts of the body

Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade Ishtimal-As-Samma' (wrapping one's body with a garment so that one cannot raise its end or take one's hand out of it). He also forbade Al-Ihtiba' (sitting on buttocks with knees close to `Abdomen and feet apart with the hands circling the knees) while wrapping oneself with a single garment, without having a part of it over the private parts.

Chapter 11: To pray without a Rida

Narrated Muhammad bin Al-Munkadir

I went to Jabir bin `Abdullah and he was praying wrapped in a garment and his Rida was Lying beside him. When he finished the prayers, I said "O `Abdullah! You pray (in a single garment) while your Rida' is lying beside you." He replied, "Yes, I did it intentionally so that the ignorant ones like you might see me. I saw the Prophet (ﷺ) praying like this. "

Chapter 13: In how many (what sort of) clothes a woman should offer Salat (prayer)

Akarmah said that if her body would have gone in a garment, I would be rewarded.
Narrated `Aisha

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) used to offer the Fajr prayer and some believing women covered with their veiling sheets used to attend the Fajr prayer with him and then they would return to their homes unrecognized .

Chapter 17: (It is permissible) to offer Salat (prayer) in a red garment

Narrated Abu Juhaifa

I saw Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) in a red leather tent and I saw Bilal taking the remaining water with which the Prophet had performed ablution. I saw the people taking the utilized water impatiently and whoever got some of it rubbed it on his body and those who could not get any took the moisture from the others' hands. Then I saw Bilal carrying a short spear (or stick) which he planted in the ground. The Prophet came out tucking up his red cloak, and led the people in prayer and offered two rak`at (facing the Ka`ba) taking a short spear (or stick) as a Sutra for his prayer. I saw the people and animals passing in front of him beyond the stick.

Chapter 22: To offer As-Salat (the prayers) on the bed

Anas prayed on his bed. Anas said we used to pray with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah Allaah be upon him) and one of us would prostrate on his garment.
Narrated `Urwa

The Prophet (ﷺ) prayed while `Aisha was lying between him and his Qibla on the bed on which they used to sleep.

Chapter 23: To prostrate on a garment in scorching heat

Al-Hasan said that the people prostrated themselves on the turban and the skullcap with his hands in his sleeve.
Narrated Anas bin Malik

We used to pray with the Prophet (ﷺ) and some of us used to place the ends of their clothes at the place of prostration because of scorching heat.

Chapter 25: To offer As-Salat (the prayers) wearing Khuff (leather socks)

Narrated Ibrahim

Hammam bin Al-Harith said, "I saw Jarir bin `Abdullah urinating. Then he performed ablution and passed his (wet) hands over his Khuffs (socks made from thick fabric or leather), stood up and prayed. He was asked about it. He replied that he had seen the Prophet (ﷺ) doing the same." They approved of this narration as Jarir was one of those who embraced Islam very late.

Narrated Al-Mughira bin Shu'ba

I helped the Prophet (ﷺ) in performing ablution and he passed his wet hands over his Khuffs and prayed.

Chapter 26: If someone does not prostrate properly

Narrated Hudhaifa that he saw a person bowing and prostrating imperfectly. When he finished his Salat, Hudhaifa told him that he had not offered Salat. The subnarrator added, "I think that Hudhaifa also said

Were you to die you would die on a "Sunna" (legal way) other than that of Muhammad (ﷺ)."

Chapter 27: During Prostrations one should show his armpits and separate his forearms from his body

Narrated 'Abdullah bin Malik

Ibn Buhaina, "When the Prophet (ﷺ) prayed, he used to separate his arms from his body so widely that the whiteness of his armpits was visible."

Chapter 29: The Qiblah for the people of Al-Madina, Sham and the East.

There is no qibla in the east or in Morocco, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah Allaah be upon him) said: "Do not receive the qiblah with faeces or urine, but east or west."
Narrated Abu Aiyub Al-Ansari

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "While defecating, neither face nor turn your back to the Qibla but face either east or west." Abu Aiyub added. "When we arrived in Sham we came across some lavatories facing the Qibla; therefore we turned ourselves while using them and asked for Allah's forgiveness."

Chapter 31: [During the obligatory Salat (prayers)] one should face the Qiblah (Kabah at Makkah) wherever one may be

Abu Huraira said the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah Allaah be upon him) said: "Receive the qiblah and grow up."
Narrated Bara' bin `Azib

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) prayed facing Baitul-Maqdis for sixteen or seventeen months but he loved to face the Ka`ba (at Mecca) so Allah revealed: "Verily, We have seen the turning of your face to the heaven!" (2:144) So the Prophet (ﷺ) faced the Ka`ba and the fools amongst the people namely "the Jews" said, "What has turned them from their Qibla (Baitul-Maqdis) which they formerly observed"" (Allah revealed): "Say: 'To Allah belongs the East and the West. He guides whom he will to a straight path'." (2:142) A man prayed with the Prophet (facing the Ka`ba) and went out. He saw some of the Ansar praying the `Asr prayer with their faces towards Baitul-Maqdis, he said, "I bear witness that I prayed with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) facing the Ka`ba." So all the people turned their faces towards the Ka`ba.

Narrated `Abdullah

The Prophet (ﷺ) prayed (and the sub-narrator Ibrahim said, "I do not know whether he prayed more or less than usual"), and when he had finished the prayers he was asked, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! Has there been any change in the prayers?" He said, "What is it?' The people said, "You have prayed so much and so much." So the Prophet (ﷺ) bent his legs, faced the Qibla and performed two prostration's (of Sahu) and finished his prayers with Taslim (by turning his face to right and left saying: 'As-Salamu `Alaikum- Warahmat-ullah'). When he turned his face to us he said, "If there had been anything changed in the prayer, surely I would have informed you but I am a human being like you and liable to forget like you. So if I forget remind me and if anyone of you is doubtful about his prayer, he should follow what he thinks to be correct and complete his prayer accordingly and finish it and do two prostrations (of Sahu).