Mishkat al-Masabih
Purification
كتاب الطهارة
Chapter 9
آداب الخلاء - الفصل الثالث
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Salmān said: ‘A polytheist mocked me, saying: “I see that your companion teaches you everything, even how to relieve yourselves!” I replied: “Yes. He has instructed us not to face the qibla, not to clean ourselves with our right hands, not to settle for fewer than three stones, and not to use dung or bone.”’ Muslim and Aḥmad transmitted it; Aḥmad’s is the wording given here.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels this report ṣaḥīḥ (sound). The source identifies the wording as Aḥmad’s, while also naming Muslim as a transmitter.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ḥasana said: ‘The Messenger of God came out to us with something like a shield in his hand. He set it down, sat, and urinated toward it. One of the people said: “Look at him—he urinates like a woman!” He heard him and said: “Woe to you! Do you not know what happened to a man among the Children of Israel? When urine got on them, they cut the affected part off with scissors. He forbade them from doing that and was punished in his grave.”’ Abū Dāwūd and Ibn Mājah transmitted it. Al-Nasāʾī transmitted it from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, from Abū Mūsā.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels the report ṣaḥīḥ (sound). The Arabic does not name the person who forbade the cutting or make the final pronoun’s referent explicit; the translation preserves that ambiguity. The noun for what they cut is also implicit; ‘the affected part’ is supplied from the context of urine falling on it.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Marwān al-Aṣfar said: “I saw Ibn ʿUmar make his riding camel kneel facing the qibla, then sit and urinate in its direction. I said, ‘Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, has this not been forbidden?’ He replied, ‘Yes, it was forbidden only in open ground. If something screens you from the qibla, there is no harm.’” Abū Dāwūd transmitted it. (Graded ḥasan.)
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Anas reported that when the Prophet came out of the privy, he would say: ‘Praise be to God, who removed harm from me and granted me well-being.’ Ibn Mājah transmitted it.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels this report weak.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ibn Masʿūd said: ‘When a delegation of jinn came to the Prophet, they said: “Messenger of God, forbid your community to cleanse themselves with bones, dung, or charcoal, for God has made these a provision for us.”’ So the Messenger of God forbade them to do so. Abū Dāwūd transmitted it.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels this report ṣaḥīḥ (sound). The Arabic names bones, dung, and charcoal as provisions for the jinn.
Chapter 10
السواك - الفصل الأول
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abū Hurayra reported that the Messenger of God said: ‘Were it not that I would burden my community, I would command them to delay the night prayer and to use the tooth-stick at every prayer.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels this report muttafaq ʿalayh (‘agreed upon’). The Arabic refers to the night prayer (ʿishāʾ) and the tooth-stick (siwāk).
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Shurayḥ ibn Hāniʾ said: ‘I asked ʿĀʾisha what the Messenger of God would do first when he entered his home. She replied: “Use the tooth-stick.”’ Muslim transmitted it.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels this report ṣaḥīḥ (sound).
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ḥudhayfa said: ‘When the Prophet got up at night for tahajjud, he would clean his mouth with the tooth-stick.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels this report muttafaq ʿalayh (‘agreed upon’). Tahajjud is voluntary night prayer.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
ʿĀʾisha reported that the Messenger of God said: ‘Ten practices are part of the fitra: trimming the moustache, letting the beard grow, using the tooth-stick, drawing water into the nose, trimming the nails, washing the finger joints, plucking the armpit hair, shaving the pubic hair, and cleansing with water’—that is, cleaning oneself after relieving oneself. The narrator said: ‘I have forgotten the tenth; perhaps it was rinsing the mouth.’ Muslim transmitted it.
Another version has ‘circumcision’ instead of ‘letting the beard grow.’ The compiler says: ‘I did not find this version in the two Ṣaḥīḥ collections or al-Ḥumaydī’s book, but the author of al-Jāmiʿ mentioned it, as did al-Khaṭṭābī in Maʿālim al-Sunan, transmitting it from Abū Dāwūd through ʿAmmār ibn Yāsir.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying Arabic grading lists two ṣaḥīḥ (sound) grades. The Arabic list gives nine practices and the narrator says he forgot the tenth, suggesting mouth-rinsing. The paragraph about the circumcision variant is the compiler’s source note, not part of the prophetic wording.
Chapter 11
السواك - الفصل الثاني
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
ʿĀʾisha reported that the Messenger of God said: ‘The tooth-stick purifies the mouth and pleases the Lord.’ Al-Shāfiʿī, Aḥmad, al-Dārimī, and al-Nasāʾī transmitted it. Al-Bukhārī included it in his Ṣaḥīḥ without a chain of transmission.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels this report ṣaḥīḥ (sound). The source notes that al-Bukhārī included the wording without an isnād.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abū Ayyūb reported that the Messenger of God said: ‘Four practices belong to the ways of the messengers: modesty—or, according to another report, circumcision—using perfume, using the tooth-stick, and marriage.’ Al-Tirmidhī transmitted it.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels this report ḥasan (good). The Arabic gives modesty as the wording and mentions circumcision as an alternative report, preserving four practices in either version.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
ʿĀʾisha said: ‘Whenever the Prophet slept, whether by night or by day, and then awoke, he used the tooth-stick before performing ablution.’ Aḥmad and Abū Dāwūd transmitted it.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels this report ḥasan (good).
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
She also said: ‘The Prophet would use the tooth-stick and then give it to me to wash. I would begin by using it myself, then wash it and hand it back to him.’ Abū Dāwūd transmitted it.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels this report ḥasan (good).
Chapter 12
السواك - الفصل الثالث
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ibn ʿUmar reported that the Prophet said: ‘I saw myself in a dream using a tooth-stick. Two men came to me, one older than the other. I offered the tooth-stick to the younger of them, but I was told: “Give precedence to the older.” So I handed it to the older man.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels this report muttafaq ʿalayh (‘agreed upon’).
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abū Umāma reported that the Messenger of God said: ‘Gabriel never came to me without commanding me to use the tooth-stick, until I feared I would wear away the front of my mouth.’ Aḥmad transmitted it.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels this report very weak. The final phrase is rendered literally; it conveys concern that frequent use would abrade the front of the mouth.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Anas reported that the Messenger of God said: ‘I have urged you repeatedly to use the tooth-stick.’ Al-Bukhārī transmitted it.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels this report ṣaḥīḥ (sound).
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
ʿĀʾisha said: ‘The Messenger of God was using the tooth-stick while two men were with him, one older than the other. Revelation came to him about the merit of the tooth-stick, instructing him: “Honor the elder and give the tooth-stick to the older of the two.”’ Abū Dāwūd transmitted it.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels this report ṣaḥīḥ (sound). The Arabic explicitly links the instruction to honoring the older man while giving him the tooth-stick.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
She also reported that the Messenger of God said: ‘A prayer preceded by use of the tooth-stick is seventy times better than a prayer without its use.’ Al-Bayhaqī transmitted it in Shuʿab al-Īmān.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels this report weak.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abū Salama reported that Zayd ibn Khālid al-Juhanī said: ‘I heard the Messenger of God say: “Were it not that I would burden my community, I would command them to use the tooth-stick before every prayer, and I would delay the night prayer until a third of the night had passed.”’ He said that Zayd ibn Khālid used to attend the prayers at the mosque with his tooth-stick tucked behind his ear where a scribe places his pen. He never stood for prayer without first using it, then returned it to its place. Al-Tirmidhī and Abū Dāwūd transmitted it, though Abū Dāwūd omitted the clause about delaying the night prayer. Al-Tirmidhī said: ‘This is a ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ report.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels this report ṣaḥīḥ (sound); al-Tirmidhī also calls it ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ. The Arabic explicitly notes that Abū Dāwūd’s version omits the night-prayer clause.
Chapter 13
سنن الوضوء - الفصل الأول
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abū Hurayra reported that the Messenger of God said: ‘When one of you wakes from sleep, he should not dip his hand into a vessel until he has washed it, for he does not know where his hand spent the night.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The accompanying grading labels this report muttafaq ʿalayh (‘agreed upon’). The Arabic source does not specify washing the hand three times; that number appears in the English witness but not in the source text translated here.