The Book of Oaths, Muharibin, Qasas (Retaliation), and Diyat (Blood Money)
كتاب القسامة والمحاربين والقصاص والديات
Chapter 5: The validity of Qisas for teeth and the like
Retribution, retribution. Umm Rubayyi' said: Messenger of Allah, will retribution be taken from so and so? By Allah, it shall not be taken from her (i. e. from Umm Haritha). Thereupon Allah's Apostle said: Hallowed be Allah. O Umm Rubayyi', Qisas (retribution is a command, prescribed) in the Book of Allah. She said: No, by Allah, Qisas will never be taken from her; and she went on saying this until they (the relatives of the one who had been injured) accepted the blood-wit. Thereupon Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: Verily there are amongst the servants of Allah (such pious persons) who, if they take oath of Allah, He honours it.
Chapter 8: The punishment for bloodshed in the hereafter, and bloodshed will be the first thing concerning which judgement is passed among the people on the Day of Resurrection
The first (thing) that will be decided among people on the Day of Judgment will pertain to bloodshed.
Chapter 9: Emphasis on the sanctity of Blood, Honor and Wealth
Do you know which day is this? They said: Allah and His Messenger know best. (The Prophet [may peace be upon him] kept silent) until we thought that he would give that another name. He said: Is it not the day of Nahr (Sacrifice) (10th of Dhu'l- Hijja)? We said: Allah's Messenger, yes. He (again) said: Which month is it? We said: Allah and His Messenger knows best. He said: Is it not Dhu'l-Hijja? We said: Allah's Messenger, yes. He said: Which city is this? We said: Allah and His Messenger know best. He (the narrator) said (that the Prophet kept silent until we thought that he would give it another name besides its (original) name. He said: Is it not Balda (the city of Mecca)? We said: Yes, Allah's Messenger. He (then) said: Verily your blood (lives) and your property and your honour are as sacred unto you as sacred is this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this city of yours. Let him who is present convey it to one who is absent. He then turned his attention towards two multicoloured (black and white) rams and slaughtered them, and two goats, and distributed them amongst us.
Abu Bakra reported that when it was the day of (Dhu'l-Hijja) Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) mounted the camel and addressed and a person had been holding its nosestring. The rest of the hadith is the same.
Chapter 11: The Diyah for a fetus; and the Diyah for accidental killing and the ambiguous killing must be paid by the shahiqilah of the killer
Abu Huraira reported that among two women of the tribe of Hudhail one flung a stone upon the other causing an abortion to her so Allah's Apostle (may peace he upon him) gave judgment that a male or a female slave of best quality be given as compensation.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Mansur with the same chain of transmitters.
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Chapter 1: Qasamah (Oaths)
" Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) paid the blood-wit himself." Bushair b. Yasar reported that Sahl b. Abu Hathma said: One camel amongst the camels paid as blood-wit kicked me while I was in the (camel) enclosure.
" Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) decided (according to Qasama) between the persons of Ansar (and yours) about a slain (Muslim) for which they made claim against the Jews
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Salama b. 'Abd al-Rahman and Sulaiman b. Yasar.
Chapter 2: The ruling on Muharibin and Apostates
If you so like, you may go to the camels of Sadaqa and drink their milk and urine. They did so and were all right. They then fell upon the shepherds and killed them and turned apostates from Islam and drove off the camels of the Prophet (ﷺ). This news reached Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) and he sent (people) on their track and they were (brought) and handed over to him. He (the Holy Prophet) got their hands cut off, and their feet, and put out their eyes, and threw them on the stony ground until they died.
Eight men of the tribe of 'Ukl came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and swore allegiance to him on Islam, but found the climate of that land uncogenial to their health and thus they became sick, and they made complaint of that to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), and he said: Why don't you go to (the fold) of our camels along with our shepherd, and make use of their milk and urine. They said: Yes. They set out and drank their (camels') milk and urine and regained their health. They killed the shepherd and drove away the camels. This (news) reached Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and he sent them on their track and they were caught and brought to him (the Holy Prophet). He commanded about them, and (thus) their hands and feet were cut off and their eyes were gouged and then they were thrown in the sun, until they died. This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn al-Sabbah with a slight variation of words.
" Their eyes were pierced, and they were thrown on the stony ground. They were asking for water, but they were not given water."
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Anas b. Malik through another chain of transmitters.
Chapter 3: Confirmation of Qisas in the case of killing with a rock and other sharp or heavy objects, and the killing of a man for a woman
Anas reported that a Jew killed a girl of the Ansar for her ornaments and then threw her in a well and smashed her head with a stone. He was caught and brought to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and he commanded that he should be stoned to death. So he was stoned until he died.
A girl was found with her head crushed between two stones. They asked her as to who had done that-has so and so (done it) until they mentioned a Jew. She indicated with the nod of her head (that it was so). So the Jew was caught, and he made confession (of his guilt). And Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) commanded that his head be smashed with stones.
Chapter 4: If a person attacks another person's life and limb, and the other defends himself and kills him or injures him, there is no penalty on him
Ya'la b. Munya or Ibn Umayya fought with a person, and the one bit the hand of the other. And he tried to draw his hand from his mouth and thus his foreteeth ware pulled out. They referred their dispute to Allah's Apostle (ﷺ), whereupon he said: Does any one of you bite as the camel bites? So there is no blood-wit for it.
Do you wish to bite as the camel bites?
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Juraij with the same chain of transmitters.
Chapter 7: The sin of the one who set the precedent of killing
Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) having said: No person who is killed unjustly, but the share of (this offence of his also) falls upon the first son of Adam, for he was the first to introduce killing.