The Book of Oaths and Vows
كتاب الأيمان والنذور
Chapter 15: Expiation Before Breaking An Oath
"I came to the Messenger of Allah with a group of the Ash'ari people and asked him to give us animals to ride. He said: 'By Allah, I cannot give you anything to ride and I have nothing to give you to ride.' We stayed as long as Allah willed, then some camels were brought to him. He ordered that we be given three fine-looking camels. When we left, we said to one another: 'We came to the Messenger of Allah to ask him for animals to ride, and he swore by Allah that he would not give us anything to ride, then he gave us something.'" Abu Musa said: "We came to the Prophet and told him about that. He said: 'I did not give you animals to ride, rather Allah gave you them to ride. By Allah, I do not swear an oath and then see something better than it, but I offer expiation for my oath and do that which is better.'"
"Whoever swears an oath, then sees something better than it, let him do that which is better."
"If any one of you swears an oath, then he sees something better than it, let him offer expiation for his oath, and look at what is better and do it."
"The Messenger of Allah said: 'If you swear an oath, offer expiation for your oath, then do that which is better.'"
"If you swear an oath, then you see something better than it, then offer expiation for your oath, and do that which is better."
Chapter 16: Expiation After Breaking An Oath
"The Messenger of Allah said: 'Whoever swears an oath, then sees something better than it, let him do that which is better and offer expiation for his oath.'"
"The Messenger of Allah said: 'Whoever swears an oath, then sees something better than it, let him leave his oath, and do that which is better, and offer expiation for it.'"
"The Messenger of Allah said: 'Whoever swears an oath, then sees something better than it, let him do that which is better and leave his oath.'"
"I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, I have a cousin, and I come to him and ask him (for help) but he does not give me anything, and he does not uphold the ties of kinship with me. Then, when he needs me, he comes to me and asks me (for help). I swore that I would not give him anything, nor uphold the ties of kinship with him.' He commanded me to do that which is better and to offer expiation for my oath."
"The Prophet said to me: 'If you swear an oath, and you see something that is better, then do that which is better and offer expiation for your oath.'"
"The Messenger of Allah said: 'If you swear an oath, then you see something that is better, then do that which is better and offer expiation for your oath.'"
"The Messenger of Allah said to me: 'If you swear an oath, then you see something that is better, do that which is better, and offer expiation for your oath.'"
Chapter 17: Oaths Concerning That Which One Does Not Possess
"There is no vow and no oath concerning that which one does not possess, nor to commit sin, nor to sever the ties of kinship."
Chapter 18: Whoever Swears An Oath And Says: "If Allah Wills"
"Whoever swears an oath and says: 'If Allah wills', then if he wishes he may go ahead, and if he wishes he may not, without having broken his oath."
Chapter 19: Intention In Oaths
"Actions are but by intentions, and each person will have but that which he intended. Thus, he whose emigration was for the sake of Allah and His Messenger, his emigration was for the sake of Allah and His Messenger, and he whose emigration was to achieve some worldly gain or to take some woman in marriage, his emigration was for that for which he emigrated."
Chapter 20: Forbidding That Which Allah, The Mighty And Sublime, Has Permitted
I heard 'Aishah say: "The Prophet used to stay with Zainab bint Jahsh and drink honey at her house. Hafsah and I agreed that if the Prophet came to either of us, she would say: 'I detect the smell of Maghafir (a nasty-smelling gum) on you. Have you eaten Maghafir?' He went to one of them and she said that to him. He said: 'No, rather I drank honey at the house of Zainab bint Jahsh, but I will never do it again.' Then the following was revealed: 'O Prophet! Why do you forbid (for yourself) that which Allah has allowed to you' up to: 'If you two turn in repentance to Allah' -'Aishah and Hafsah- 'And (remember) when the Prophet disclosed a matter in confidence to one of his wives.' refers to him saying: 'No, rather I drank honey.'"
Chapter 21: If A Person Swears Not To Eat Any Condiment With Bread, Then He Eats Bread And Vinegar
"I entered the house of the Prophet with him and there was some bread and vinegar. The Messenger of Allah said: 'Eat; what a good condiment is vinegar.'"
Chapter 22: Swearing Oaths And Lying When One Does Not Believe In What He Is Swearing About
"At the time of the Messenger of Allah we used to be called Samasir (brokers). The Messenger of Allah came to us when we were selling and called us by a name that was better than that. He said: 'O merchants (Tujjar), this selling involves lies and (false) oaths, so mix some charity with it.'"
"We used to sell in Al-Baqi, and the Messenger of Allah came to us. We used to be called Samasir (brokers) but he said: 'O merchants!' And called us by a name that was better than our name. Then he said: 'This selling involves (false) oaths and lies, so mix some charity with it.'"
Chapter 23: Idle Talk And Lies
"The Prophet came to us when we were in the marketplace and said: 'This marketplace is filled with idle talk and (false) oaths, so mix some charity with it.'"