The Book of the Times (of Prayer)
كتاب المواقيت
Chapter 25: At-Taghlis (Praying Fajr While It Is Still Dark) While a Resident
"When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) has prayed Subh, the women would depart, wrapped in their wrappers, unrecognizable because of the darkness."
Chapter 27: Al-Isfar (Praying fajr When It Has Become Lighter)
"Pray Fajr when the dawn shines."
"The more you delay Fajr, the greater the reward."
Chapter 30: Whoever Catches Up With A Rak'ah Of The Prayer
"Whoever catches up with a Rak'ah of the prayer, then he has caught up with it."
"Whoever catches up with with a Rak'ah of Jumu'ah or any other (prayer), his prayer is complete."
Chapter 32: The Prohibition Of Praying After Subh
It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (ﷺ) forbade praying after 'Asr until the sun had set, and after Subh until the sun had risen.
Chapter 33: The Prohibition Of Praying While The Sun Is Rising
It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade praying when the sun is rising or setting.
Chapter 35: The Prohibition Of Praying After 'Asr
(Another chain) from Abu Sa'eed Al-Khudri, from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) with a similar report.
"'Aishah, may Allah be please with her, said: 'Umar, may Allah be please with him, is not correct, rather the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) only prohibited, as he said: 'Do no deliberately seek to pray when the sun is rising or when it is setting, for it rises between the horns of a Shaitan."
Chapter 36: Concession Allowing Prayer After 'Asr
"There are two prayers that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) never neglected to pray them in my house secretly nor publicly: Two Rak'ahs before Fajr and two Rak'ahs after 'Asr."
"They are two Rak'ahs that I used to pray after Zuhr, but I got distracted and forgot them until I prayed 'Asr."
Chapter 37: Concession Regarding Prayer Before The Sun Sets
"I asked Lahiq about the two Rak'ahs before sunset. He said: "Abdullah bin Az-Zubair used to pray them, and Mu'awiyah sent word to him asking: 'What are these two Rak'ahs at sunset?' He had to refer to Umm Salamah, and Umm Salamah said: 'The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to pray two Rak'ahs before 'Asr, then he was distracted and did not pray them, so he prayed them when the sun set, and I never saw him pray them before or after that.'"
Chapter 38: Concession Allowing Prayer Before Maghrib
"Abu Tamim Al-Jaishani stood up to pray two Rak'ahs before Maghrib, and I said to 'Uqbah bin 'Amir: 'Look at this man, what prayer is he praying?' He turned and looked at him, and said: 'This is a prayer that we used to pray at the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).'"
Chapter 39: Prayer After The Appearance of Dawn
"When the dawn appears, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would only pray two short Rak'ahs."
Chapter 40: Permission To (Continue) Praying Until One Prays Subh
"I came to the Messenger of Allah, who became Muslim with you?' He said: 'Free men and slaves.' I said: 'Is there any moment which brings one closer to Allah than another?' He said: 'Yes, the last part of the night, so pray as much as you want until you pray Subh, then stop until the sun has risen until and it looks like a shield and (its shinning)spreads. Then pray as much as you want until an object's shadow is at its shortest, then stop until the sun passes its zenith, for Hell is stoked at midday. Then pray 'Asr, then stop until you pray 'Asr, then stop until the sun has set, for it sets between the horns of a Shaitan and rises between the horns of a Shaitan.'" [1][1] Similar has been recorded by Muslim.
Chapter 43: Explanation Of That
"I asked Salim bin 'Abdullah about how his father prayed when traveling. We asked him: 'Did he combine any of his prayers when traveling?' He said that Safiyyah bint Abi 'Ubaid was married to him, and she wrote to him, when he was at some farmland of his, saying: 'This is the last of my days in this world, and the first day of the Hereafter." [1] He rode quickly to go to her, and when the time for Zuhr came, the Mu'adhdhin said to him: "The prayer, O Abu 'Abdur-Rahman!" But he paid no attention to him until it was between the time for the two prayers, then he stopped and said: "Say the Iqamah and when I say the Taslim, say the Iqamah." Then he rode on again, and when the sun set the Mu'adhdhin said to him; "The prayer!" He said: "Do as you did for Zuhr and 'Asr." When the stars had appeared, he stopped and said to the Mu'adhdhin: "Say the Iqamah and when I say the Taslim, say the Iqamah." He prayed, then when he had finished he turned to us and said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'If any one of you has an urgent need that he fears he may miss, let him pray like this.'"[1] Meaning that she was dying.
Chapter 45: The Time When A Traveler May Combine Maghrib and 'Isha'
"Salim told me that his father said: 'I saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), when he was in a hurry to travel, delaying Maghrib so that he could combine it with 'Isha'.'"
"We asked Salim bin 'Abdullah about prayer while traveling. We said: 'Did 'Abdullah combine any of his prayer while traveling?' He said: 'No, except at Jam'.'[1] Then he paused, and said: 'Safiyyah was married to him, and she sent word to him that she was in her last day in this world and the first day in the Hereafter. So he ride off in a hurry, and I was with him. The time for prayer came and the Mu'adhdhin said to him: 'The prayer, O Abu 'Abdur-Rahman! But he kept going until it was between the time for the two prayer. Then he stopped and said to the Mu'adhdhin: "Say the Iqamah, and when I say the Taslim at the end of Zuhr, say the Iqamah (again) straight away." So he said the Iqamah and he prayed Zuhr, two Rak'ahs, then he said the Iqamah (again) straight away, and he prayed 'Asr, two Rak'ahs. Then he rode off quickly until the sun set and the Mu'adhdhin said to him: "The prayer, O Abu 'Abdur-Rahman!" He said: "Do what you did before." He rode on until the starts appeared, then he stopped and said: "Say the Iqamah, then when I say the Taslim, say the Iqamah. So he said the Iqamah and he prayed Maghrib, three Rak'ahs, then he said the Iqamah (again) straight away and he prayed 'Isha', then he said one Taslim, turning his face. Then he said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'If any one of you has urgent need that he fears he may miss, let him pray like this.'"
Chapter 46: Situations During Which It Is Permissible To Combine Two Prayers
It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that if the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was in a hurry to travel, he would combine Maghrib and 'Isha'.
Chapter 49: Combining Maghrib and 'Isha' At Al-Muzdalifah
"I was with Ibn 'Umar when he departed from 'Arafah. When he came to Jam' (Al-Muzdalifah), he combined Maghrib and 'Isha', and when he finished he said: 'The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) did similar to this in this place.'"