Jami' at-Tirmidhi
Chapters on Tafsir
كتاب تفسير القرآن عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم
Chapter 49
وَمِنْ سُورَةِ الْحُجُرَاتِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Nadrah said: Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri recited: ‘Know that the Messenger of Allah is among you. If he were to obey you in many matters, you would suffer hardship’ (Qur’an 49:7). He said, ‘This is your Prophet, to whom revelation comes, and these are the best of your leaders. If he were to obey them in many matters, they would suffer hardship—so what of you today?’ Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih gharib hadith. ‘Ali ibn al-Madini said: I asked Yahya ibn Sa‘id al-Qattan about al-Mustamir ibn al-Rayyan, and he said, ‘He is trustworthy.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Kept Abu Sa‘id’s application of the verse to the Prophet and the best leaders, and the separate reliability assessment of al-Mustamir ibn al-Rayyan.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ibn ‘Umar reported that on the day of the conquest of Makkah, the Messenger of Allah addressed the people: ‘People, Allah has removed from you the arrogance of the Days of Ignorance and its boasting in ancestors. People are of two kinds: a righteous, God-fearing man, honored by Allah; and a wicked, wretched man, insignificant to Allah. People are the children of Adam, and Allah created Adam from dust.’ Then he recited Allah’s words: ‘People, We created you from a male and a female and made you peoples and tribes so that you may know one another. The most honored of you in Allah’s sight is the most God-fearing. Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware’ (Qur’an 49:13). Abu ‘Isa said: This is a gharib hadith. We know it from ‘Abdullah ibn Dinar, from Ibn ‘Umar, only through this route. ‘Abdullah ibn Ja‘far is considered weak; Yahya ibn Ma‘in and others weakened him. He was the father of ‘Ali ibn al-Madini. Related reports are transmitted from Abu Hurayrah and ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abbas.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Kept the sermon’s rejection of ancestral boasting and its two categories of people. Included Abu ‘Isa’s caution that the only known route is through ‘Abdullah ibn Ja‘far, whom Yahya ibn Ma‘in and others considered weak.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Al-Hasan reported from Samurah that the Prophet said: ‘Standing and distinction come from wealth, while nobility is God-consciousness.’ Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih gharib hadith from Samurah. We know it only through this route, through Sallam ibn Abi Muti‘, who is trustworthy.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Rendered hasab and karam idiomatically while preserving the report’s contrast between wealth and taqwa; included the sole route and transmitter assessment.
Chapter 50
وَمِنْ سُورَةِ ق
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Anas ibn Malik reported that the Prophet of Allah said: ‘Hell will keep saying, “Is there any more?” until the Lord of Might places His foot in it. Then it will say, “Enough, enough, by Your might,” and its parts will draw together.’ Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih gharib hadith through this route. A similar report is also transmitted from Abu Hurayrah.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Kept the repeated ‘Enough’ and the final image of Hell’s parts drawing together, together with the route-specific grading and parallel report.
Chapter 51
وَمِنْ سُورَةِ الذَّارِيَاتِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
A man from Rabi‘ah said: I came to Madinah and entered upon the Messenger of Allah. The story of the envoy of ‘Ad was mentioned, and I said, ‘I seek refuge in Allah from being like the envoy of ‘Ad.’ The Messenger of Allah asked, ‘What was the story of the envoy of ‘Ad?’ I replied, ‘You have asked someone who knows it. When ‘Ad suffered drought, they sent Qayl. He stayed with Bakr ibn Mu‘awiyah, who gave him wine to drink, and two singing girls sang for him. Then Qayl set out for the mountains of Mahrah and said, “O Allah, I have not come to You to cure a sick person or ransom a captive. Give Your servant water as You will, and give water along with him to Bakr ibn Mu‘awiyah”—in gratitude for the wine he had given him. Clouds were raised up for him, and he was told, “Choose one of them.” He chose the black cloud. He was told, “Take it as ashes, leaving none of ‘Ad alive.” It is said that the wind sent against them was only as wide as this ring’—meaning a signet ring. Then he recited: ‘We sent upon them the barren wind; it left nothing it came upon without turning it to decayed remains’ (Qur’an 51:41–42). Abu ‘Isa said: More than one transmitter narrated this hadith from Sallam Abu al-Mundhir, from ‘Asim ibn Abi al-Najud, from Abu Wa’il, from al-Harith ibn Hassan, who is also called al-Harith ibn Yazid.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Retained the envoy’s ironic gratitude for the wine, his choice of the black cloud, and the ring-sized wind detail. The source gives variant names for the envoy in its chain note; it does not state an explicit grading in this passage.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Al-Harith ibn Yazid al-Bakri said: I came to Madinah and entered the mosque. It was crowded with people, black banners were fluttering, and Bilal stood before the Messenger of Allah with a sword at his side. I asked, ‘What is happening?’ They said, ‘He intends to send ‘Amr ibn al-‘As on an expedition.’ He then related the full hadith, similar in meaning to Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah’s report. He is also called al-Harith ibn Hassan.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
This is another account of the envoy of ‘Ad, with the added setting of the crowded mosque and black banners. The source notes the transmitter’s alternate name al-Harith ibn Hassan.
Chapter 52
وَمِنْ سُورَةِ الطُّورِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ibn ‘Abbas reported that the Prophet said: ‘“By the setting of the stars” (Qur’an 52:49) refers to the two units of prayer before dawn; and “after the prostrations” (50:40) refers to the two units after sunset prayer.’ Abu ‘Isa said: This is a gharib hadith. We know it as a report raised to the Prophet only through this route, from Muhammad ibn Fudayl, from Rushdin ibn Kurayb. Abu ‘Isa said: I asked Muhammad ibn Isma‘il which of the two sons of Kurayb, Muhammad or Rushdin, was more reliable. He replied, “They are close, but Muhammad is stronger in my view.” I asked ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman; he said, “They are close, but Rushdin ibn Kurayb is stronger in my view.” Abu ‘Isa said: I follow Abu Muhammad’s view: Rushdin is stronger than Muhammad and was earlier; Rushdin met Ibn ‘Abbas and saw him.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic attributes this report to Ibn ‘Abbas, while the English witness says Ibn ‘Umar; followed the Arabic. Preserved both transmitters’ differing reliability assessments and Abu ‘Isa’s conclusion favoring Rushdin.
Chapter 53
وَمِنْ سُورَةِ وَالنَّجْمِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud reported that when the Messenger of Allah reached the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary, he said: ‘Everything that ascends from the earth and everything that descends from above comes to an end there. At that place Allah granted me three things not granted to any prophet before me: the five prayers were prescribed for me; I was given the closing verses of Surat al-Baqarah; and the grave sins of my community were forgiven, so long as they associate nothing with Allah.’ Ibn Mas‘ud commented on the verse ‘When the Lote Tree was covered by that which covered it’ (Qur’an 53:16), saying, ‘The Lote Tree is in the sixth heaven.’ Sufyan said, ‘Moths of gold,’ and gestured with his hand in a fluttering motion. Transmitters other than Malik ibn Mighwal said: ‘The knowledge of creation ends there; they have no knowledge of what is above it.’ Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih hadith.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Kept the three gifts as distinct items and retained the separate explanations about the Lote Tree, the golden moths, and the limit of created knowledge.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Al-Shaybani said: I asked Zirr ibn Hubaysh about Allah’s words, ‘At a distance of two bow-lengths or nearer’ (Qur’an 53:9). He replied, ‘Ibn Mas‘ud told me that the Prophet saw Gabriel, who had six hundred wings.’ Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan gharib sahih hadith.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Preserved the verse reference that prompted the question and the number of Gabriel’s wings.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Al-Sha‘bi said: Ibn ‘Abbas met Ka‘b at ‘Arafah and asked him about something. Ka‘b repeatedly proclaimed Allah’s greatness until the mountains echoed it. Ibn ‘Abbas said, ‘We are Banu Hashim.’ Ka‘b replied, ‘Allah apportioned seeing Him and speaking with Him between Muhammad and Moses: He spoke to Moses twice, and Muhammad saw Him twice.’ Masruq said: I went to ‘A’ishah and asked, ‘Did Muhammad see his Lord?’ She said, ‘You have said something that makes my hair stand on end.’ I said, ‘Take it easy,’ and recited, ‘He certainly saw some of the greatest signs of his Lord’ (Qur’an 53:18). She said, ‘Where are you going with that? It was only Gabriel. Whoever tells you that Muhammad saw his Lord, concealed any of what he was commanded to convey, or knew the five matters Allah mentions—“Allah alone has knowledge of the Hour, sends down rain …” (31:34)—has made a grave false claim. Rather, he saw Gabriel. He saw him in his true form only twice: once at the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary, and once at Jiyad. He had six hundred wings and had filled the horizon.’ Abu ‘Isa said: Dawud ibn Abi Hind also narrated a similar report from al-Sha‘bi, from Masruq, from ‘A’ishah, from the Prophet; Dawud’s report is shorter than Mujalid’s.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Kept Ka‘b’s statement distinct from ‘A’ishah’s response. ‘A’ishah identifies the figure seen as Gabriel and rejects claims that the Prophet saw his Lord, concealed revelation, or knew the five matters of the unseen. Included the two locations and alternate shorter route noted by Abu ‘Isa.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Ikrimah reported that Ibn ‘Abbas said, ‘Muhammad saw his Lord.’ I said, ‘Does Allah not say, “Sight cannot encompass Him, but He encompasses all sight”’ (Qur’an 6:103)? He replied, ‘Woe to you! That is when He manifests Himself in His light, which is His light. Muhammad saw his Lord twice.’ Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan gharib hadith through this route.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
This report preserves Ibn ‘Abbas’s statement as transmitted here, distinct from the previous report quoting ‘A’ishah’s contrary answer.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Salamah reported from Ibn ‘Abbas concerning Allah’s words, ‘He certainly saw him another time, at the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary’ (Qur’an 53:13–14), ‘Then He revealed to His servant what He revealed’ (53:10), and ‘at a distance of two bow-lengths or nearer’ (53:9). Ibn ‘Abbas said: ‘The Prophet saw Him.’ Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan hadith.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The pronoun ‘Him’ is preserved as in the Arabic. This report follows the preceding report in which Ibn ‘Abbas is also cited on whether the Prophet saw his Lord.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Ikrimah reported that Ibn ‘Abbas commented on the verse, ‘The heart did not deny what it saw’ (Qur’an 53:11): ‘He saw Him with his heart.’ Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan hadith.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Kept Ibn ‘Abbas’s concise explanation that the seeing was with the heart.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Abdullah ibn Shaqiq said: I told Abu Dharr, ‘If only I had met the Prophet; I would have asked him something.’ He asked, ‘What would you have asked him?’ I said, ‘I would have asked whether Muhammad saw his Lord.’ Abu Dharr replied, ‘I asked him that. He said, “Light—how could I see Him?”’ Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan hadith.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Rendered the Arabic ‘nur anna arahu’ as ‘Light—how could I see Him?’ to preserve the Prophet’s response rather than turning it into a statement that he saw only light.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Yazid reported from ‘Abdullah concerning the verse, ‘The heart did not deny what it saw’ (Qur’an 53:11): ‘The Messenger of Allah saw Gabriel wearing a garment of rafraf, filling the space between heaven and earth.’ Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih hadith.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Retained rafraf as a transliterated garment term rather than supplying a more specific fabric not stated in the Arabic.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Ata’ reported from Ibn ‘Abbas concerning the verse, ‘Those who avoid major sins and indecencies, except for minor lapses’ (Qur’an 53:32), that the Prophet said: ‘If You forgive, O Allah, You forgive abundantly; and what servant of Yours has not slipped?’ Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih gharib hadith. We know it only through the report of Zakariyya ibn Ishaq.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Kept the concise, rhyming supplication and the qualification that minor lapses are excepted from the major sins and indecencies.
Chapter 54
وَمِنْ سُورَةِ الْقَمَرِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ibn Mas‘ud, may Allah be pleased with him, said: While we were with the Messenger of Allah at Mina, the moon split into two parts: one part behind the mountain and the other in front of it. The Messenger of Allah said to us, ‘Bear witness’—that is, ‘The Hour has drawn near and the moon has split’ (Qur’an 54:1). Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih hadith.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The English witness says ‘the house has drawn near’; the Arabic is ‘the Hour has drawn near,’ so the translation follows the Arabic.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Anas said: The people of Makkah asked the Prophet for a sign, so the moon split in Makkah twice. Then these verses were revealed: ‘The Hour has drawn near and the moon has split …’ up to ‘passing magic’ (Qur’an 54:1–2)—that is, something that passes away. Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih hadith.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic says the moon split in Makkah ‘twice’; retained that wording and the compiler’s explanation that mustamir means passing away.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ibn Mas‘ud said: The moon split during the Messenger of Allah’s time, and the Prophet said to us, ‘Bear witness.’ Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih hadith.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Kept the report’s concise wording without adding details from the fuller accounts of the moon splitting.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ibn ‘Umar said: The moon split during the Messenger of Allah’s time, and the Messenger of Allah said, ‘Bear witness.’ Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih hadith.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
This is another short account of the moon splitting, here transmitted from Ibn ‘Umar.