Chapters on Tafsir

Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.

‘Abdullah ibn Salam said: A group of us, Companions of the Messenger of Allah, sat talking and said, ‘If only we knew which deed is most beloved to Allah, we would do it.’ Then Allah Most High revealed: ‘Whatever is in the heavens and earth glorifies Allah, and He is the Almighty, the All-Wise. O you who believe, why do you say what you do not do?’ (Qur’an 61:1–2). ‘Abdullah ibn Salam said: The Messenger of Allah recited it to us. Abu Salamah said: Ibn Salam recited it to us. Yahya said: Abu Salamah recited it to us. Ibn Kathir said: Al-Awza‘i recited it to us. ‘Abdullah said: Ibn Kathir recited it to us. Abu ‘Isa said: Muhammad ibn Kathir was contradicted regarding this hadith’s chain from al-Awza‘i. Ibn al-Mubarak narrated it from al-Awza‘i, from Yahya ibn Abi Kathir, from Hilal ibn Abi Maymunah, from ‘Ata’ ibn Yasar, from ‘Abdullah ibn Salam—or from Abu Salamah, from ‘Abdullah ibn Salam. Al-Walid ibn Muslim narrated this hadith from al-Awza‘i with a chain like Muhammad ibn Kathir’s.

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Abu Hurayrah said: We were with the Messenger of Allah when Surat al-Jumu‘ah was revealed. He recited it, and when he reached ‘and others among them who have not yet joined them’ (Qur’an 62:3), a man asked, ‘Messenger of Allah, who are those who have not yet joined us?’ The Prophet did not answer him. The narrator said: Salman al-Farisi was among us. The Messenger of Allah placed his hand on Salman and said, ‘By Him in whose hand is my soul, if faith were at the Pleiades, men from these people would attain it.’ Thawr ibn Zayd was from Madinah, while Thawr ibn Yazid was from Syria. Abu al-Ghayth, whose name was Salim, was a trustworthy Medinan client of ‘Abdullah ibn Muti‘. Abu ‘Isa said: This is a gharib hadith. ‘Abdullah ibn Ja‘far, the father of ‘Ali ibn al-Madini, was considered weak by Yahya ibn Ma‘in. This report is also transmitted from Abu Hurayrah from the Prophet through other routes.

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Jabir said: While the Prophet was standing and delivering the Friday sermon, a caravan arrived in Madinah. The Companions of the Messenger of Allah rushed toward it, until only twelve men remained, including Abu Bakr and ‘Umar. Then this verse was revealed: ‘When they see a trade or amusement, they rush off toward it and leave you standing’ (Qur’an 62:11). This is a hasan sahih hadith. Ahmad ibn Mani‘ also related a similar report through Hushaim, from Husayn, from Salim ibn Abi al-Ja‘d, from Jabir, from the Prophet.

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Zayd ibn Arqam said: I was with my uncle when I heard ‘Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul say to his companions, ‘Do not spend on those who are with the Messenger of Allah until they disperse from him. If we return to Madinah, the more honored will surely drive out the lowlier.’ I told my uncle, and he told the Prophet. The Prophet summoned me and I repeated what I had heard. The Messenger of Allah sent for ‘Abdullah ibn Ubayy and his companions, but they swore they had not said it. The Messenger of Allah disbelieved me and believed him. I was overcome by a distress unlike anything I had ever felt, and stayed home. My uncle said, ‘All you wanted was for the Messenger of Allah to call you a liar and despise you.’ Then Allah Most High revealed, ‘When the hypocrites come to you …’ (Surat al-Munafiqun, Qur’an 63). The Messenger of Allah sent for me, recited it to me, and said, ‘Allah has confirmed what you said.’ Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih hadith.

Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.

Zayd ibn Arqam said: We were on an expedition with the Messenger of Allah, along with some Bedouins. We hurried toward water, but the Bedouins reached it first. One Bedouin got there before the others, enclosed the pool with stones, and covered it with a leather sheet until his companions arrived. A man from the Ansar came to let his camel drink, but the Bedouin refused to let him. The Ansari pulled away the water covering, and the Bedouin raised a stick and struck him on the head, splitting it open. The injured man went to ‘Abdullah ibn Ubayy, the leader of the hypocrites and one of his own companions, and told him. ‘Abdullah became angry and said, ‘Do not spend on those who are with the Messenger of Allah until they disperse from around him’—meaning the Bedouins, who used to come to the Messenger of Allah at mealtimes. ‘Abdullah said, ‘When they leave Muhammad, bring food to Muhammad; let him and those with him eat.’ Then he said to his companions, ‘If we return to Madinah, the more honored will surely drive out the lowlier.’ Zayd said: I was riding behind the Messenger of Allah and heard ‘Abdullah ibn Ubayy. I told my uncle, who went to inform the Messenger of Allah. The Messenger sent for ‘Abdullah, who swore and denied it. The Messenger believed him and called me a liar. My uncle came to me and said, ‘All you wanted was for the Messenger of Allah and the Muslims to despise you and call you a liar.’ I was overcome with a distress unlike anything I had ever felt. Later, while I was traveling with the Messenger of Allah, I had bowed my head from grief. He came to me, rubbed my ear, and smiled at me. Nothing in the world could have made me happier than that. Abu Bakr caught up with me and asked what the Messenger of Allah had said. I replied, ‘He said nothing; he only rubbed my ear and smiled at me.’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Good news!’ Then ‘Umar caught up with me, and I told him the same. The next morning the Messenger of Allah recited Surat al-Munafiqun. Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih hadith.

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Al-Hakam ibn ‘Utaybah said: I heard Muhammad ibn Ka‘b al-Qurazi narrate—forty years ago—from Zayd ibn Arqam, may Allah be pleased with him: During the Tabuk expedition, ‘Abdullah ibn Ubayy said, ‘If we return to Madinah, the more honored will surely drive out the lowlier.’ I went to the Prophet and told him. ‘Abdullah swore that he had not said it. My people blamed me and said, ‘Why did you bring this up?’ I went home and slept, full of grief and sorrow. Then the Prophet came to me—or I went to him—and said, ‘Allah has confirmed what you said.’ Then this verse was revealed: ‘They are the ones who say, “Do not spend on those who are with the Messenger of Allah until they disperse”’ (Qur’an 63:7). Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih hadith.

Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.

Jabir ibn ‘Abdullah said: We were on an expedition—Sufyan said they thought it was the expedition against Banu al-Mustaliq—when a man from the Emigrants kicked a man from the Ansar. The Emigrant called, ‘O Emigrants!’ and the Ansari called, ‘O Ansar!’ The Prophet heard this and asked, ‘What is this appeal to the ways of the Days of Ignorance?’ They told him that a man from the Emigrants had kicked a man from the Ansar. The Messenger of Allah said, ‘Leave it; it is foul.’ ‘Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul heard and said, ‘Have they really done that? By Allah, if we return to Madinah, the more honored will surely drive out the lowlier.’ ‘Umar said, ‘Messenger of Allah, let me strike the neck of this hypocrite.’ The Prophet said, ‘Leave him, so that people do not say Muhammad kills his Companions.’ Someone other than ‘Amr added: His son, ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abdullah, said to him, ‘By Allah, you will not leave until you admit that you are the lowlier and the Messenger of Allah is the more honored.’ And he did so. Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih hadith.

Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.

Al-Dahhak ibn Muzahim reported that Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: ‘Whoever has enough wealth to perform pilgrimage to the House of his Lord, or wealth on which zakat is due, but does not do so, will ask to return to this world at the time of death.’ A man said, ‘Ibn ‘Abbas, fear Allah! Only disbelievers ask to be returned.’ He replied, ‘I will recite Qur’an to you about this: “O you who believe, do not let your wealth or your children distract you from the remembrance of Allah …” and “Spend from what We have provided you before death comes to one of you and he says, ‘My Lord, if only You would delay me for a little while, then I would give charity’” up to ‘Allah is fully aware of what you do’ (Qur’an 63:9–11).’ He was asked, ‘What makes zakat obligatory?’ He replied, ‘When wealth reaches two hundred dirhams or more.’ He was asked, ‘What makes pilgrimage obligatory?’ He replied, ‘Provision and a camel.’ A similar report is narrated from al-Dahhak, from Ibn ‘Abbas, from the Prophet. Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah and others narrated it from Abu Janab, from al-Dahhak, from Ibn ‘Abbas as his own statement, without raising it to the Prophet; this is more accurate than ‘Abd al-Razzaq’s version. Abu Janab al-Qassab’s name is Yahya ibn Abi Hayyah, and he is not strong in hadith.

Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.

‘Ikrimah reported that a man asked Ibn ‘Abbas about Allah’s words, ‘O you who believe, among your spouses and children are enemies to you, so beware of them’ (Qur’an 64:14). Ibn ‘Abbas said: ‘These were men who accepted Islam in Makkah and wanted to come to the Prophet, but their wives and children refused to let them go to the Messenger of Allah. When they finally came to him, they saw that people had gained understanding of the religion and wanted to punish their families. Then Allah, Mighty and Sublime, revealed: “O you who believe, among your spouses and children are enemies to you, so beware of them.”’ Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih hadith.

Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.

Ibn ‘Abbas said: ‘I had long been eager to ask ‘Umar about the two wives of the Prophet concerning whom Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “If you two repent to Allah, your hearts have inclined…” (66:4). Then ‘Umar went on pilgrimage, and I went with him. I poured water for his ablution from a water vessel. I asked, “Commander of the Faithful, who were the two wives of the Prophet about whom Allah said, ‘If you two repent to Allah, your hearts have inclined; and if you support one another against him, then Allah is his Protector’?” He said, “How astonishing you are, Ibn ‘Abbas!” Al-Zuhri said: By Allah, he disliked being asked this, but he did not conceal the answer. He said to me, “They were ‘A’ishah and Hafsah.” Then he began telling me the story. He said: “We Quraysh used to have the upper hand over our women. When we came to Madinah, we found a people whose women had the upper hand over them, and our women began learning from their women. One day I was angry with my wife, and she answered me back. I objected to her answering me back, but she said, ‘What do you object to? By Allah, the Prophet’s wives answer him back, and one of them may keep away from him during the day until nightfall.’ I said to myself, ‘Any of them who does that has surely failed and lost.’ My home was in al-‘Awali, among Banu Umayyah, and I had an Ansari neighbor. We took turns going down to visit the Messenger of Allah: one day he would go and bring me news of revelation and other matters, and another day I would go and bring him the like. We used to hear that Ghassan was preparing horses to raid us. One evening my neighbor came and knocked at my door. I went out to him and he said, ‘Something momentous has happened.’ I asked, ‘Have Ghassan come?’ He said, ‘More momentous: the Messenger of Allah has divorced his wives.’ I said to myself, ‘Hafsah has failed and lost. I had thought this would happen.’”

After praying the dawn prayer, I put on my clothes and went to Hafsah. I found her weeping. I asked, ‘Has the Messenger of Allah divorced you all?’ She said, ‘I don’t know. He is secluded in that upper chamber.’ I went to a black servant and said, ‘Ask permission for ‘Umar.’ He went in and came back, saying, ‘I mentioned you to him, but he said nothing.’ I went to the mosque and found a group of people weeping around the pulpit. I sat with them, but my distress overcame me, so I went back to the servant and asked him to seek permission. He went in and returned with the same answer. I went to the mosque again and sat there, but my distress overcame me again. I returned to the servant a third time. He went in and came back with the same answer. As I turned to leave, the servant called me, saying, ‘Come in; he has given you permission.’ I entered and found the Prophet reclining on a mat woven from palm fiber; I could see its marks on his side. I asked, ‘Messenger of Allah, have you divorced your wives?’ He said, ‘No.’ I said, ‘Allah is greatest! Messenger of Allah, you should have seen us: we Quraysh used to have the upper hand over our women. When we came to Madinah, we found a people whose women had the upper hand over them, and our women began learning from their women. One day I was angry with my wife, and she answered me back. I objected, but she said, “What do you object to? By Allah, the Prophet’s wives answer him back, and one of them may keep away from him during the day until nightfall.”’ I asked Hafsah, ‘Do you answer the Messenger of Allah back?’ She said, ‘Yes, and one of us may keep away from him all day until night.’ I said, ‘Any of you who does that has failed and lost. Does one of you feel secure that Allah will not be angry with her because His Messenger is angry? If so, she is ruined.’ The Prophet smiled. I said to Hafsah, ‘Do not answer the Messenger of Allah back, and do not ask him for anything. Ask me for whatever you need. Do not be misled by your co-wife: she is more beautiful than you and more beloved to the Messenger of Allah.’ The Prophet smiled again. I said, ‘Messenger of Allah, may I speak freely?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ I raised my head and saw nothing in the room but three hides. I said, ‘Messenger of Allah, pray to Allah to grant your community abundance. He has granted abundance to the Persians and Romans, though they do not worship Him.’ He sat upright and said, ‘Are you in doubt, Ibn al-Khattab? Those are people whose good things have been hastened for them in the life of this world.’ He had sworn not to visit his wives for a month; Allah reproached him for that, and he made expiation for his oath.’”

Al-Zuhri said: ‘“Urwah informed me from ‘A’ishah, who said: When twenty-nine days had passed, the Prophet came to me first. He said, “‘A’ishah, I am going to tell you something, so do not hurry to answer until you have consulted your parents.” Then he recited the verse, “O Prophet, say to your wives…” (33:28). She said, “By Allah, he knew my parents would not tell me to leave him. I said, ‘Am I to consult my parents about this? I want Allah, His Messenger, and the Hereafter.’” Ma‘mar said: “Ayyub informed me that ‘A’ishah said to him, ‘Messenger of Allah, do not tell your wives that I chose you.’ The Prophet replied, ‘Allah sent me only to convey the message; He did not send me to impose hardship.’”’” This hadith is hasan sahih gharib; it has also been transmitted by other routes from Ibn ‘Abbas.’

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‘Abd al-Wahid ibn Sulaym said: I came to Makkah and met ‘Ata’ ibn Abi Rabah. I said to him, ‘Abu Muhammad, some people among us speak about divine decree.’ ‘Ata’ said, ‘I met al-Walid ibn ‘Ubadah ibn al-Samit, who said: “My father told me: I heard the Messenger of Allah say, ‘The first thing Allah created was the Pen. He said to it, “Write,” and it wrote what would be until the end of time.’”’ The hadith contains a further account. This hadith is hasan sahih gharib. A similar report is also transmitted from Ibn ‘Abbas.

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‘Abd ibn Humayd narrated to us: ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Sa‘d narrated to us, from ‘Amr ibn Abi Qays, from Simak ibn Harb, from ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umayrah, from al-Ahnaf ibn Qays, from al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, who said that he was sitting with a group in al-Batha’, while the Messenger of Allah was sitting among them. A cloud passed over them, and they looked at it. The Messenger of Allah asked, ‘Do you know what this is called?’ They said, ‘Yes, this is a cloud.’ He said, ‘And al-muzn?’ They said, ‘Al-muzn.’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘And al-‘anan?’ They said, ‘Al-‘anan.’ Then the Messenger of Allah asked them, ‘Do you know the distance between heaven and earth?’ They replied, ‘No, by Allah, we do not know.’ He said, ‘The distance between them is either one, or two, or three and seventy years; and the heaven above it is likewise.’ He continued counting them in that way until he had counted seven heavens. Then he said, ‘Above the seventh heaven is a sea, between whose top and bottom is the distance between one heaven and another. Above that are eight [creatures called] aw‘al; between their hooves and knees is the distance between one heaven and another. Then above their backs is the Throne; between its bottom and top is the distance between one heaven and another. And Allah is above that.’ ‘Abd ibn Humayd said: I heard Yahya ibn Ma‘in say, ‘Will ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Sa‘d not make pilgrimage, so that we may hear this hadith from him?’ Abu ‘Isa said: This hadith is hasan gharib. Al-Walid ibn Abi Thawr narrated something similar from Simak and attributed it to the Prophet. Sharik narrated part of this hadith from Simak, but stopped at the Companion and did not attribute it to the Prophet. ‘Abd al-Rahman is Ibn ‘Abdullah ibn Sa‘d al-Razi.

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Muhammad ibn Humayd al-Razi narrated to us, from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Abdullah ibn Sa‘d, from his father, ‘Abdullah ibn Sa‘d. Yahya ibn Musa narrated to us: ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Abdullah ibn Sa‘d al-Razi, who was al-Dashtaki, narrated to us that his father informed him, and that his father (may Allah have mercy on him) informed him as follows: ‘He said that he had informed him: I saw a man in Bukhara riding a mule, wearing a black turban, and saying, “The Messenger of Allah gave it to me to wear.”’

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Abu Kurayb narrated to us: Rashdin ibn Sa‘d narrated to us, from ‘Amr ibn al-Harith, from Darraj Abu al-Samh, from Abu al-Haytham, from Abu Sa‘id, from the Prophet, concerning Allah’s words, ‘like molten metal’ (18:29). He said, ‘Like the dregs of oil; when it is brought near his face, the skin of his face falls into it.’ Abu ‘Isa said: This hadith is gharib; we know it only through the narration of Rashdin.

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‘Abd ibn Humayd narrated to us: Abu al-Walid narrated to me; Abu ‘Awanah narrated to us, from Abu Bishr, from Sa‘id ibn Jubayr, from Ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: ‘The Messenger of Allah neither recited to the jinn nor saw them. The Messenger of Allah set out with a group of his Companions, heading toward the market of ‘Ukaz. The devils had been prevented from obtaining news of heaven, and shooting stars had been sent against them. So the devils returned to their people, who asked, “What is the matter with you?” They replied, “We have been prevented from obtaining news of heaven, and shooting stars have been sent against us.” They said, “Nothing has come between us and the news of heaven except some new event. So travel to the eastern and western regions of the earth and find out what has come between you and the news of heaven.” They set out through the eastern and western regions, seeking what had come between them and the news of heaven. The group who had headed toward Tihamah came upon the Messenger of Allah at Nakhlah, as he was heading toward the market of ‘Ukaz and praying the dawn prayer with his Companions. When they heard the Qur’an, they listened. They said, “By Allah, this is what has come between you and the news of heaven!” Thereupon they returned to their people and said, “Our people, we have heard a wondrous Qur’an, guiding to right guidance, and we have believed in it; we will never associate anyone with our Lord” (72:1–2). Then Allah revealed to His Prophet, “Say: It has been revealed to me that a group of jinn listened” (72:1). Only the jinn’s words were revealed to him.’

He said: ‘With this chain, from Ibn ‘Abbas, who said: The jinn’s words to their people, “When the servant of Allah stood to call upon Him, they almost crowded around him in a mass” (72:19), refer to when they saw him praying, while his Companions prayed along with him and prostrated when he prostrated. They were amazed at his Companions’ obedience to him, and said to their people, “When the servant of Allah stood to call upon Him, they almost crowded around him in a mass.”’ This hadith is hasan sahih.

Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.

Muhammad ibn Yahya narrated to us: Muhammad ibn Yusuf narrated to us: Isra’il narrated to us, from Abu Ishaq, from Sa‘id ibn Jubayr, from Ibn ‘Abbas, who said: ‘The jinn used to ascend to heaven to listen to the revelation. Whenever they heard a word, they would add nine to it. The word itself would be true, but what they added would be false. When the Messenger of Allah was sent, they were barred from their places [in heaven]. They told Iblis about this. Before then, stars had not been shot at them. Iblis said to them, “This can only be because something has happened on earth.” He sent out his troops, and they found the Messenger of Allah standing in prayer between two mountains—I think [the narrator] said, “in Makkah.” They came to him and informed him. He said, “This is what has happened on earth.”’ This hadith is hasan sahih.

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‘Abd ibn Humayd narrated to us: ‘Abd al-Razzaq informed us: Ma‘mar narrated to us, from al-Zuhri, from Abu Salamah, from Jabir ibn ‘Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah recounting the pause in revelation. In his account he said: ‘As I was walking, I heard a sound from heaven. I raised my head, and there was the angel who had come to me at Hira, seated on a chair between heaven and earth. I was seized with terror at the sight of him. I returned and said, “Cover me! Cover me!” So they wrapped me up. Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: “O you who are wrapped up! Arise and warn,” through His words, “and keep away from defilement” (74:1–5), before the prayer was made obligatory.’ Abu ‘Isa said: This hadith is hasan sahih. Yahya ibn Abi Kathir also narrated it from Abu Salamah ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman, from Jabir. Abu Salamah’s name was ‘Abdullah.

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‘Abd ibn Humayd narrated to us: al-Hasan ibn Musa narrated to us, from Ibn Lahi‘ah, from Darraj, from Abu al-Haytham, from Abu Sa‘id, from the Messenger of Allah, who said: ‘Al-Sa‘ud is a mountain of fire. The disbeliever will climb it for seventy autumns, then fall down it for the same [length of time], forever.’ He said: This hadith is gharib; we know it as a Prophetic report only through the narration of Ibn Lahi‘ah. Something similar was also narrated from ‘Atiyyah, from Abu Sa‘id, as the Companion’s own statement (mawquf).

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Ibn Abi ‘Umar narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, from Mujalid, from al-Sha‘bi, from Jabir ibn ‘Abdullah, who said: Some Jews asked some of the Prophet’s Companions, ‘Does your Prophet know how many keepers there are over Hell?’ They replied, ‘We do not know; we will ask our Prophet.’ A man came to the Prophet and said, ‘Muhammad, your Companions have been bested today.’ He asked, ‘How so?’ He said, ‘The Jews asked them whether their Prophet knows how many keepers there are over Hell.’ He asked, ‘What did they say?’ He replied, ‘They said, “We do not know; we will ask our Prophet.”’ He said, ‘Can people be bested merely because they were asked about something they did not know and said, “We do not know; we will ask our Prophet”? But they asked their prophet and said, “Show us Allah openly.” Bring me the enemies of Allah; I will ask them about the soil of Paradise, which is al-darmak [fine white flour].’ When they came, they said, ‘Abu al-Qasim, how many keepers are there over Hell?’ He said, ‘Such-and-such.’ On one occasion he said ten, and on another, nine. They said, ‘Yes.’ The Prophet then asked them, ‘What is the soil of Paradise?’ He said: They were silent for a while, then said, ‘Bread, Abu al-Qasim.’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘Bread is made from al-darmak.’ This hadith is gharib; we know it by this route only, through the narration of Mujalid.

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Al-Hasan ibn al-Sabbah al-Bazzar narrated to us: Zayd ibn Hubab narrated to us: Suhayl ibn ‘Abdullah al-Quta‘i—who was the brother of Hazm ibn Abi Hazm al-Quta‘i—informed us, from Thabit, from Anas ibn Malik, from the Messenger of Allah, that he said regarding this verse, ‘He is the One worthy of taqwa and worthy of forgiveness’ (74:56): ‘Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “I am worthy to be feared. Whoever is mindful of Me and does not set up any deity alongside Me, I am worthy to forgive him.”’ Abu ‘Isa said: This hadith is hasan gharib. Suhayl is not strong in hadith, and he alone transmitted this hadith from Thabit.