Sunan Ibn Majah
The Chapters on Pawning
كتاب الرهون
Chapter 1
الرَّهْنِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Hafs ibn Ghiyath narrated to us, from al-Amash, from Ibrahim: al-Aswad narrated to me, from Aishah, that the Prophet ﷺ bought food from a Jewish man on deferred payment and pledged his armor as collateral.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic specifies a purchase with payment deferred to a later term and says his armor was pledged; the English witness accurately preserves these details.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Nasr ibn Ali al-Jahdami narrated to us: My father narrated to me: Hisham narrated to us, from Qatadah, from Anas, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ pledged his armor with a Jewish man in Medina and took barley from him for his family.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic explicitly says the barley was for the Prophet family.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Waki narrated to us, from Abd al-Hamid ibn Bahram, from Shahr ibn Hawshab, from Asma bint Yazid, that the Prophet ﷺ passed away while his armor was pledged with a Jewish man against food.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic states that the pledge remained in place at the Prophet passing; it does not identify the food in this block.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abdullah ibn Muawiyah al-Jumahi narrated to us: Thabit ibn Yazid narrated to us: Hilal ibn Khabbab narrated to us, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away while his armor was pledged with a Jewish man against thirty sa of barley.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The quantity is thirty sa, a measure of volume, and is preserved without conversion. The Arabic explicitly identifies the pledged food as barley.
Chapter 2
الرَّهْنُ مَرْكُوبٌ وَمَحْلُوبٌ
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Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Waki narrated to us, from Zakariyya, from al-Shabi, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “A riding animal may be ridden when it is pledged, and a milk-bearing animal may be milked when it is pledged. The person who rides or drinks its milk must provide for its upkeep.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic pairs use of pledged livestock with responsibility for its maintenance; both the riding and milk-bearing cases are included.
Chapter 3
لاَ يَغْلَقُ الرَّهْنُ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Humayd narrated to us: Ibrahim ibn al-Mukhtar narrated to us, from Ishaq ibn Rashid, from al-Zuhri, from Said ibn al-Musayyab, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “A pledged item is not forfeited.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The terse Arabic idiom لا يغلق الرهن is rendered as a prohibition on forfeiting pledged property.
Chapter 4
أَجْرِ الأُجَرَاءِ
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Suwayd ibn Said narrated to us: Yahya ibn Sulaym narrated to us, from Ismail ibn Umayyah, from Said ibn Abi Said al-Maqburi, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “There are three whose adversary I will be on the Day of Resurrection; and whoever has me as an adversary, I will defeat him: a man who gives his pledge by Me and then betrays it; a man who sells a free person and consumes the price; and a man who hires a worker, takes the full work from him, but does not pay him his wages.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic attributes the statement directly to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ; the English witness adds a parenthetical “Allah says” not present in this source block. The three cases and the worker receiving no wages are fully retained.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Al-Abbas ibn al-Walid al-Dimashqi narrated to us: Wahb ibn Said ibn Atiyyah al-Sulami narrated to us: Abd al-Rahman ibn Zayd ibn Aslam narrated to us, from his father, from Abdullah ibn Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “Give the worker his wages before his sweat dries.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic imperative and timing image are concise and direct; both are preserved.
Chapter 5
إِجَارَةِ الأَجِيرِ عَلَى طَعَامِ بَطْنِهِ
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Muhammad ibn al-Musaffa al-Himsi narrated to us: Baqiyyah ibn al-Walid narrated to us, from Maslamah ibn Ali, from Said ibn Abi Ayyub, from al-Harith ibn Yazid, from Ali ibn Rabah, who said: I heard Utbah ibn al-Nudr say: We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he recited Ta-Sin. When he reached the story of Moses, he said, “Moses ﷺ hired himself out for eight or ten years in exchange for preserving his chastity and providing his food.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic gives an alternative duration, eight or ten years, which is retained. The expression عفة فرجه وطعام بطنه is rendered as protection of chastity and provision of food.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Umar, Hafs ibn Amr, narrated to us: Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahdi narrated to us: Sulaym ibn Hayyan narrated to us: I heard my father say that he heard Abu Hurayrah say: I grew up an orphan and migrated as a poor man. I worked for the daughter of Ghazwan in return for food and a turn to ride. I gathered firewood for them when they stopped, and urged their mounts onward with song when they rode. Praise be to Allah, who made religion a source of stability and made Abu Hurayrah an imam.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The phrase وعقبة رجلي literally refers to a turn or share for my foot, and is opaque; it is rendered broadly as a turn to ride, following the English witness without specifying a camel. The closing imam is kept as written.
Chapter 6
الرَّجُلِ يَسْتَقِي كُلَّ دَلْوٍ بِتَمْرَةٍ وَيَشْتَرِطُ جَلْدَةً
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Ala al-Sanani narrated to us: al-Mutamir ibn Sulayman narrated to us, from his father, from Hanash, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, who said: The Prophet of Allah ﷺ was in need, and news of this reached Ali. He went out seeking work from which he could earn something to help the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He came to a garden belonging to a Jewish man and drew water for him from seventeen buckets, each bucket in exchange for one date. The man let him choose seventeen ajwah dates from his dates, and Ali brought them to the Prophet of Allah ﷺ.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic says Ali was given a choice of seventeen ajwah dates; ajwah is retained as the named date variety. The unit is one date for each bucket of water.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Bashshar narrated to us: Abd al-Rahman narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, from Abu Ishaq, from Abu Hayyah, from Ali, who said: I used to draw water, one bucket for one date, and I stipulated that it be a firm, sound date.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The term جلدة is rendered as a firm, sound date; the English witness explains it as a good-quality dried date. The stipulation for the quality of the date is preserved.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ali ibn al-Mundhir narrated to us: Muhammad ibn Fudayl narrated to us: Abdullah ibn Said narrated to us, from his grandfather, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: A man from the Ansar came and said, “Messenger of Allah, why do I see your complexion changed?” He replied, “Hunger.” The Ansari went to his belongings but found nothing there. He went out looking and found a Jewish man watering date palms. The Ansari asked him, “May I water your palms?” He said, “Yes.” The Ansari stipulated one date for each bucket, and that he would take no khadirah, tarizah, or hashafah, but only jaldah dates. He drew water for about two sa of dates and brought them to the Prophet ﷺ.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic preserves four date-category terms (خدرة، تارزة، حشفة، جلدة); the English witness glosses the first three as black/rotten, hard/dried, or inferior and the last as good quality. The descriptions are uncertain, so the source terms are retained. The amount is about two sa.
Chapter 7
الْمُزَارَعَةِ بِالثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Hannad ibn al-Sarri narrated to us: Abu al-Ahwas narrated to us, from Tariq ibn Abd al-Rahman, from Said ibn al-Musayyab, from Rafi ibn Khadij, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade muhaqalah and muzabanah. He said, “Only three may cultivate land: a man who owns land and cultivates it; a man who is granted land and cultivates what has been granted to him; and a man who rents land for gold or silver.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic names the technical transactions muhaqalah and muzabanah without defining them in this block; the terms are retained. The three cultivation arrangements are stated separately and completely.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Hisham ibn Ammar and Muhammad ibn al-Sabbah both narrated to us: Sufyan ibn Uyaynah narrated to us, from Amr ibn Dinar, who said: I heard Ibn Umar say, “We used to arrange sharecropping and saw no harm in it until we heard Rafi ibn Khadij say that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had forbidden it. So we stopped because of what he said.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The report is Ibn Umar recounting their prior practice and their cessation after hearing Rafi ibn Khadij report the Prophetic prohibition. The agricultural arrangement is rendered as sharecropping.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abd al-Rahman ibn Ibrahim al-Dimashqi narrated to us: al-Walid ibn Muslim narrated to us: al-Awzai narrated to us: Ata narrated to me, saying: I heard Jabir ibn Abdullah say, “Some men among us had surplus land which they rented out for a third or a quarter of the crop.” The Prophet ﷺ said, “Whoever has surplus land should cultivate it himself or let his brother cultivate it. If he does not wish to do that, then let him keep his land.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic specifies rental for one-third or one-quarter of the crop. For the alternative arrangement it says only to let a brother cultivate the land; the English witness adds “for free,” which is not explicit in this wording.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ibrahim ibn Said al-Jawhari narrated to us: Abu Tawbah al-Rabi ibn Nafi narrated to us: Muawiyah ibn Sallam narrated to us, from Yahya ibn Abi Kathir, from Abu Salamah, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “Whoever has land should cultivate it himself or grant its use to his brother. If he does not wish to do that, then let him keep his land.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic uses تمنحها, granting or lending the land for use. The English witness adds “for free”; that condition is not explicit in this Arabic wording.
Chapter 8
كِرَاءِ الأَرْضِ
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Abu Kurayb narrated to us: Abdah ibn Sulayman, Abu Usamah, and Muhammad ibn Ubayd narrated to us, from Ubaydullah—or, he said, Abdullah ibn Umar—from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, who used to rent out his land for cultivation. Someone came to him and told him that Rafi ibn Khadij had said the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade renting out farmland. Ibn Umar and I went with him until he met Rafi at al-Balat. Ibn Umar asked him about it, and Rafi told him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had forbidden renting out farmland. So Abdullah stopped renting out his land.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic preserves uncertainty in the transmitter name: Ubaydullah, or possibly Abdullah ibn Umar. Al-Balat is kept as a place name. The report describes Ibn Umar stopping his own land-rental practice after confirming the report with Rafi ibn Khadij.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Amr ibn Uthman ibn Said ibn Kathir ibn Dinar al-Himsi narrated to us: Damrah ibn Rabiah narrated to us, from Ibn Shawdhab, from Matar, from Ata, from Jabir ibn Abdullah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed us and said, “Whoever has land should cultivate it himself or have it cultivated, and should not rent it out.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic contrasts cultivation by the landholder or having the land cultivated with leasing it out; both permitted alternatives and the prohibition are retained.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Yahya narrated to us: Mutarrif ibn Abdullah narrated to us: Malik narrated to us, from Dawud ibn al-Husayn, from Abu Sufyan—the client of Ibn Abi Ahmad—who informed him that he had heard Abu Said al-Khudri say: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade muhaqalah. Muhaqalah is the leasing of land.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic itself defines muhaqalah here as leasing land. The English witness adds “Sahih” as a grade label, which is absent from the Arabic narration and is not included in the translated text.