Fasting

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‘Ammar ibn Yasir said: ‘Whoever fasts on a day about which there is doubt has disobeyed Abu al-Qasim (peace and blessings be upon him).’ Abu Dawud, al-Tirmidhi, al-Nasa’i, Ibn Majah, and al-Darimi transmitted it.

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Ibn ‘Abbas said: A Bedouin came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: ‘I have seen the new moon’—meaning the new moon of Ramadan. He asked: ‘Do you testify that there is no god but Allah?’ He replied: ‘Yes.’ He asked: ‘Do you testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah?’ He replied: ‘Yes.’ He said: ‘Bilal, announce to the people that they are to fast tomorrow.’ Abu Dawud, al-Tirmidhi, al-Nasa’i, Ibn Majah, and al-Darimi transmitted it.

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Ibn ‘Umar said: The people tried to sight the new moon, and I told the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that I had seen it. So he fasted and commanded the people to fast on its sighting. Abu Dawud and al-Darimi transmitted it.

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‘A’ishah reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to keep careful count of Sha‘ban in a way he did not do for other months. Then he would fast upon sighting Ramadan; if it was obscured from him, he would count thirty days and then fast. Abu Dawud transmitted it.

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Abu al-Bakhtari said: We went out to perform ‘umrah, and when we stopped in the valley of Nakhlah, we tried to sight the new moon. Some of the people said, ‘It is three nights old,’ while others said, ‘It is two nights old.’ We met Ibn ‘Abbas and told him that we had seen the new moon, with some saying it was three nights old and others saying it was two. He asked: ‘On which night did you see it?’ We told him: ‘On such-and-such a night.’ He said: ‘The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set its reckoning by sighting, so it is to be counted from the night on which you saw it.’ In another version from him, he said: We sighted the Ramadan new moon when we were at Dhat ‘Irq, and sent a man to Ibn ‘Abbas to ask him. Ibn ‘Abbas said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Allah Most High has set it by sighting; if it is obscured from you, complete the count.’ Muslim transmitted it.

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Anas reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Take the pre-dawn meal, for there is blessing in the pre-dawn meal.’

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‘Amr ibn al-‘As reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘The distinction between our fasting and the fasting of the People of the Book is eating the pre-dawn meal.’ Muslim transmitted it.

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Sahl reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘People will continue to be well as long as they hasten to break the fast.’

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‘Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘When night advances from this side, day retreats from that side, and the sun sets, the fasting person has reached the time to break the fast.’

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Abu Hurayrah reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade uninterrupted fasting. A man said to him: ‘You fast without a break, Messenger of Allah.’ He replied: ‘Which of you is like me? I spend the night with my Lord feeding me and giving me drink.’

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Hafsah reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Whoever does not form the intention to fast before dawn has no fast.’ Al-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, al-Nasa’i, and al-Darimi transmitted it. Abu Dawud said that Ma‘mar, al-Zubaydi, Ibn ‘Uyaynah, and Yunus al-Ayli, all of them reporting from al-Zuhri, attributed it only to Hafsah.

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Abu Hurayrah reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘When one of you hears the call to prayer while the vessel is in his hand, let him not put it down until he has taken what he needs from it.’ Abu Dawud transmitted it.

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Abu Hurayrah reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, quoting Allah Most High: ‘The most beloved of My servants to Me are those who are quickest to break their fast.’ Al-Tirmidhi transmitted it.

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Salman ibn ‘Amir reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘When one of you breaks his fast, let him break it with dates, for they are a blessing. If he cannot find any, let him break it with water, for it is purifying.’ Ahmad, al-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah, and al-Darimi transmitted it. None but al-Tirmidhi mentioned: ‘for they are a blessing.’

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Anas reported: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would break his fast before praying with fresh dates. If there were none, he would have a few dried dates; if there were none, he would take several sips of water. Al-Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it. Al-Tirmidhi said: ‘This is a hasan gharīb hadith.’

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Zayd ibn Khalid reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Whoever provides a fasting person with food to break his fast, or equips a fighter, will have a reward like his.’ Al-Bayhaqi transmitted it in Shu‘ab al-Iman, and Muhyi al-Sunnah in Sharh al-Sunnah; he said it is authentic.

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Ibn ‘Umar reported that when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) broke his fast, he would say: ‘Thirst has gone, the veins are moistened, and the reward is established, if Allah wills.’ Abu Dawud transmitted it.

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Mu‘adh ibn Zuhrah said: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) broke his fast, he would say: ‘O Allah, for You I have fasted, and with Your provision I have broken my fast.’ Abu Dawud transmitted it in mursal form.

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Abu Hurayrah reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘The religion will continue to prevail as long as people hasten to break the fast, because the Jews and Christians delay it.’ Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah transmitted it.

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Abu ‘Atiyyah said: Masruq and I visited ‘A’ishah and said: ‘Mother of the Believers, there are two men among the Companions of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). One of them hastens to break the fast and hastens to pray, while the other delays breaking the fast and delays praying.’ She asked: ‘Which of them hastens to break the fast and hastens to pray?’ We said: ‘‘Abd Allah ibn Mas‘ud.’ She said: ‘That is how the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) acted.’ The other was Abu Musa. Muslim transmitted it.