Fasting

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Al-Bukhari cited without a connected chain: Ibn ‘Umar used to undergo cupping while fasting, then stopped doing so and would undergo cupping at night.

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‘Ata’ said: If a person rinses his mouth and spits out the water in it, it does him no harm to swallow his saliva and whatever remains in his mouth. He should not chew gum; if he swallows the saliva of the gum, I do not say that it breaks his fast, but it is forbidden. Al-Bukhari cited this in a chapter heading.

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‘A’ishah reported that Hamzah ibn ‘Amr al-Aslami, who fasted frequently, said to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): ‘Should I fast while traveling?’ He replied: ‘If you wish, fast; and if you wish, break your fast.’

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Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri said: We went on a campaign with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) when sixteen days of Ramadan had passed. Some of us fasted and some broke their fast, and neither the fasting ones criticized those who broke their fast nor those who broke their fast criticized the fasting ones. Muslim transmitted it.

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Jabir said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was traveling when he saw a crowd and a man being shaded. He asked: ‘What is this?’ They said: ‘A fasting man.’ He said: ‘Fasting while traveling is not righteousness.’

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Anas said: We were with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) on a journey. Some of us were fasting and some were not. We stopped at a place on a hot day. Those who were fasting collapsed, while those who were not fasting got up, pitched the tents, and watered the riding animals. The Messenger of Allah said: ‘Those who were not fasting have taken the reward today.’

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Ibn ‘Abbas said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) left Medina for Mecca and fasted until he reached ‘Usfan. Then he called for water and raised it in his hand so the people could see it. He broke his fast and continued without fasting until he reached Mecca. This took place in Ramadan. Ibn ‘Abbas used to say: ‘The Messenger of Allah fasted and broke his fast; whoever wishes may fast, and whoever wishes may break the fast.’ In a version from Jabir transmitted by Muslim, he drank after the afternoon prayer.

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Anas ibn Malik al-Ka‘bi reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Allah has reduced the prayer by half for the traveler, and has lifted fasting from the traveler, the nursing woman, and the pregnant woman.’ Abu Dawud, al-Tirmidhi, al-Nasa’i, and Ibn Majah transmitted it.

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Salamah ibn al-Muhabbaq reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Whoever has a mount that can carry him to sufficient provisions should fast Ramadan wherever he finds himself when it comes.’ Abu Dawud transmitted it.

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Jabir reported: In the year of the Conquest, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set out for Mecca in Ramadan and fasted until he reached Kura‘ al-Ghamim. The people were fasting too. He called for a cup of water, raised it so the people could see it, and then drank. Afterward, he was told that some people had continued fasting. He said: ‘Those are the disobedient ones; those are the disobedient ones.’ Muslim transmitted it.

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‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Awf reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘One who fasts Ramadan while traveling is like one who breaks the fast while at home.’ Ibn Majah transmitted it.

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Hamzah ibn ‘Amr al-Aslami said: I told the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), ‘I have the strength to fast while traveling. Would it be wrong for me to do so?’ He replied: ‘It is a concession from Allah, the Mighty and Majestic. Whoever accepts it does well, and whoever wishes to fast bears no blame.’ Muslim transmitted it.

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‘A’ishah said: I would owe some of the Ramadan fast, but could not make it up until Sha‘ban. Yahya ibn Sa‘id said: She meant that she was occupied by, or with, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

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Abu Hurayrah reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘It is not lawful for a woman to fast while her husband is present unless he permits her, nor to admit anyone into his home unless he permits it.’ Muslim transmitted it.

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Mu‘adhah al-‘Adawiyyah said that she asked ‘A’ishah: ‘Why does a menstruating woman make up the fast but not the prayer?’ ‘A’ishah replied: ‘That used to happen to us, and we were commanded to make up the fast but not commanded to make up the prayer.’ Muslim transmitted it.

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‘A’ishah reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘If anyone dies while still owing a fast, his heir should fast on his behalf.’

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Nafi‘ reported from Ibn ‘Umar, from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), that he said: ‘If anyone dies while owing the fast of Ramadan, a poor person should be fed on his behalf for each day.’ Al-Tirmidhi transmitted it and said: ‘The sound view is that it is stopped at Ibn ‘Umar.’

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Malik said: It reached me that Ibn ‘Umar used to be asked: ‘May one person fast on behalf of another, or pray on behalf of another?’ He would reply: ‘No one may fast on behalf of another, nor pray on behalf of another.’ Malik transmitted it in al-Muwatta’.

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‘A’ishah said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would fast until we thought he would not break his fast, and refrain from fasting until we thought he would not fast. I never saw him complete a month of fasting except Ramadan, and I never saw him fast more in any month than in Sha‘ban. In another version she said: He used to fast all of Sha‘ban; that is, he would fast all of it except a little.

Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.

‘Abd Allah ibn Shaqiq said: I asked ‘A’ishah: ‘Did the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) fast an entire month?’ She replied: ‘As far as I know, he fasted an entire month only in Ramadan, and he never went through an entire month without fasting some of it until he passed away.’ Muslim transmitted it.