The Book of Transactions

كتاب البيوع

Chapter 8: It is invalid to sell goods before taking possession of them

Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying

He who buys foodgrain should not sell it until he has taken full possession of it.

Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported

We used to buy foodgrains during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). He (the Holy Prophet) would then send to us one who commanded us to take them (the foodgrains) to a place other than the one where we had bought them before we sold it.

Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying

He who buys foodgrain should not sell that before taking possession of it. He (the narrator) said: We used to buy foodgrain from the caravans in bulk, but Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade us to re-sell that until we had shifted it to some other place.

Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying

He who bought foodgrain should not sell it until he had taken full possession of it (after measuring it).

Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying,

He who bought foodgrain should not sell it until he had taken possession of it.

Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that they were beaten during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) if they had bought foodgrains in bulk and then sold them in the spot without shifting them (to some other place).

Salim b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported his father havingsaid this

I saw people being beaten during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) in case they bought the foodgrain in bulk, and then sold them at that spot before taking it to their places. This hadith is narrated on the authority of 'Ubaidullah b. Abdullah b. 'Umar through another chain of transmitters (and the words are):" His father (Ibn 'Umar) used to buy foodgrains in bulk and then carried them to his people."

Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying

He who bought foodgrain should not sell it until he had measured it. In the narration of Abu Bakr there the word is Ibta' instead of Ishtara.

Abu Huraira (Allah be please with him) is reported to have said to Marwan

Have you made lawful the transactions involving interest? Thereupon Marwan said: I have not done that. Thereupon Abu Huraira (ﷺ) said: You have made lawful the transactions with the help of documents only, whereas Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade the transaction of foodgrains until full possession is taken of them. Marwan then addressed the people and forbade them to enter into such transactions (as are done with the help of documents). Sulaiman said: I saw the sentinels snatching (these documents) from the people.

Jabir b. Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying

When you purchase foodgrains, do not sell them until you have taken possession of them.

Chapter 9: The prohibition of selling a heap of dates the weight of which is unknown

Jabir b. Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) is reported to have said that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade the sale of a heap of dates the weight of which is unknown in accordance with the known weight of dates.

This hadith is narrated on the authority of Jabir b. Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) but with this variation that no mention is made of the dates (which one finds) at the end of the previous hadith.

Chapter 10: Affirming that both parties to a transaction have the option (of canceling it) while they are still together

Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying

Both parties in a business transaction have the right to annul it so long as they have not separated; except in transactions which have been made subject to the right of parties to annul them.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) through another chain of transmitters.

Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with thcm) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying

When two persons enter into a transaction, each of them has the right to annul it so long as they are not separated and are together (at the place of transaction) ; or if one gives the other the right (to annul the transaction) But if one gives the other the option, the transaction is made on this condition (i. e. one has the right to annul the transaction), it becomes binding. And if they are separated after they have made the bargain and none of them annulled it, even then the transaction is binding.

Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying

When two persons enter into a transac. tion, each one of them has the right to annul it so long as they are not separated, or their transaction gives one another (as a condition) the right of annulling, and if their transaction, has the right of annulling it the transaction becomes binding. Ibn Abi Umar made this addition that whenever he (Ibn Umar) entered into a transaction with a person with the intention of not breaking it, he walked a while and then returned to him.

Ibn Umar reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying

There is no transaction between two persons entering a transaction until they separate, but only when there is an option to annul it.

Chapter 11: Honesty in selling and disclosure of defects

Hakim b. Hazim (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying

Both parties in a business transaction have the right to annul it so long as they have not separated; and if they speak the truth and make everything clear they will be blessed in their transaction; but if they tell a lie and conceal anything the blessing on their transaction will be blotted out.

A hadith like this has been transmitted on the authority of Hakim b. Hizam (Imam Muslim) said

Hakim b. Hizam was born inside the Ka'ba and lived for one hundred and twenty years.

Chapter 12: One who is deceived in transactions

Abdullah b. Dinar narrated that he heard Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) saying

A man mentioned to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) that he was deceived in a business transaction, whereupon Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: When you enter into a transaction, say: There should be no attempt to deceive.