The Book of Financial Transactions

ʿAmr ibn Shuʿayb reported from his father, from his grandfather, that the Messenger of Allah forbade combining a loan with a sale, imposing two conditions in one sale, and taking profit from something for which one does not bear liability.

ʿAmr ibn Shuʿayb reported from his father, from his grandfather—who mentioned ʿAbdullah ibn ʿAmr—that the Messenger of Allah said, “A loan combined with a sale is not permissible; nor are two conditions in one sale, or profit from something for which one does not bear liability.”

ʿAmr ibn Shuʿayb reported from his father, from his grandfather, that the Messenger of Allah forbade combining a loan with a sale, imposing two conditions in one sale, selling what one does not possess, and taking profit from something for which one does not bear liability.

Abu Hurayrah reported that the Messenger of Allah forbade two sales within one sale.

Jabir reported that the Prophet forbade muhāqalah, muzābanah, mukhābarah, and a sale with an unspecified exception.

Jabir reported that the Messenger of Allah forbade muhāqalah, muzābanah, mukhābarah, muʿāwamah, and sales with an exception. He granted a concession for arāyā sales.

Ibn ʿUmar reported that the Prophet said, “If someone pollinates date palms and then sells them, their fruit belongs to the person who pollinated them, unless the buyer stipulates otherwise.”

Ibn ʿUmar reported that the Prophet said, “Whoever buys date palms after they have been pollinated, their fruit belongs to the seller unless the buyer stipulates otherwise. Whoever buys an enslaved person who has property, that property belongs to the seller unless the buyer stipulates otherwise.”

Jabir ibn ʿAbdullah reported that while traveling with the Prophet, his camel became exhausted and he considered letting it go. The Messenger of Allah caught up with him, prayed for the camel, and struck it; it then traveled better than it ever had. The Prophet asked to buy it for one uqiyyah. Jabir refused at first, but then sold it for one uqiyyah, stipulating that he could ride it to Medina. When they arrived, Jabir brought him the camel and asked for its price. As Jabir started to leave, the Prophet sent for him and reassured him that he had not bargained merely to take the camel, telling him to keep both the camel and the money.

Jabir reported that he went on a campaign with the Messenger of Allah riding their camel. The camel grew exhausted, but the Prophet urged it on and it became so energetic that it moved to the front of the army. The Prophet asked Jabir to sell it to him, while allowing Jabir to ride it until they arrived. Jabir agreed, though he badly needed the camel. Near Medina, Jabir asked permission to go ahead because he had recently married. The Prophet asked whether his wife was a virgin or previously married. Jabir said she was previously married; his father ʿAbdullah ibn ʿAmr had died, leaving young daughters, and he wanted a wife who could teach and care for them. The Prophet gave permission and told him to go to his family that evening. Jabir told his maternal uncle he had sold the camel and was scolded. When the Messenger of Allah arrived, Jabir brought him the camel. The Prophet gave him the camel price, returned the camel to him, and gave him a share of the spoils like the others.

Jabir ibn ʿAbdullah reported that he was traveling with the Messenger of Allah on a camel. The Prophet asked why he was at the rear, and Jabir said his camel was exhausted. The Prophet took it by the tail and urged it on, and Jabir soon found himself at the front, concerned it would get ahead of the others. Near Medina, the Prophet asked about the camel and repeatedly offered to buy it. Jabir said it was his to keep, but the Prophet insisted on buying it for one uqiyyah and allowing Jabir to ride it until Medina. When Jabir arrived, he brought him the camel. The Prophet told Bilal to weigh out one uqiyyah and add one qirat. Jabir kept that extra qirat in a pouch until the people of Syria came on the Day of al-Harrah and took what they took from them.

Jabir reported: “The Messenger of Allah caught up with me while I was riding one of our poor camels. I lamented that we seemed always to have a poor camel. The Prophet asked whether I would sell it to him. I said that it was his. He prayed for Allah to forgive and have mercy on me, named a price for it, and lent me its back to ride until Medina. When we arrived, I prepared it and brought it to him. He told Bilal to give me its price. As I turned away, he called me back; fearing he would return the camel, I was told that it was mine.”

Jabir ibn ʿAbdullah reported that they were traveling with the Messenger of Allah while Jabir rode a camel. The Prophet repeatedly asked whether Jabir would sell it to him for a stated price, adding a prayer that Allah forgive him. Jabir agreed each time. Abu Nadrah said that Muslims came to use a phrase asking someone to do such-and-such and praying that Allah forgive them.

ʿAʾishah reported that she bought Barirah, whose owners stipulated that her walaʾ (the right of patronage) would belong to them. She told the Prophet, who instructed her to free Barirah because walaʾ belongs to the person who pays. ʿAʾishah freed her. The Messenger of Allah then gave Barirah the choice regarding her husband; she chose to separate from him. Her husband was a free man.

ʿAʾishah reported that she wanted to buy Barirah in order to free her, but her owners stipulated that her walaʾ would belong to them. She told the Messenger of Allah, who instructed her to buy and free Barirah, since walaʾ belongs to the person who frees her. Meat was brought to the Messenger of Allah, and he was told that it had been given to Barirah as charity. He said it was charity for her and a gift for them. Barirah was also given the choice regarding her husband.

ʿAbdullah ibn ʿUmar reported that ʿAʾishah wanted to buy an enslaved woman and set her free. Her owners said they would sell her on condition that the walaʾ belonged to them. ʿAʾishah told the Messenger of Allah, who said that this condition should not prevent her, since walaʾ belongs to the person who frees her.

Ibn ʿAbbas reported that the Messenger of Allah forbade selling spoils of war before they were distributed, having intercourse with pregnant women until they delivered what they carried, and eating the meat of any predatory animal with fangs.

Jabir reported that the Messenger of Allah said, “Pre-emption applies to every jointly owned property, whether a house or a garden. A partner must not sell until informing the other partner. If he sells without informing him, the partner has the greater right to it until he is informed.”

ʿUmarah ibn Khuzaymah reported from his paternal uncle, a Companion of the Prophet: “The Prophet bought a horse from a Bedouin and asked him to follow so he could pay him. The Prophet went ahead while the Bedouin lagged behind. People approached the Bedouin and made offers for the horse, unaware that the Prophet had bought it; some offered more than the agreed price. The Bedouin called to the Prophet, asking whether he would buy the horse or whether he should sell it. The Prophet said that he had already bought it, but the Bedouin denied having sold it. As people gathered around them, the Bedouin asked for a witness. Khuzaymah ibn Thabit testified that the Bedouin had sold it. The Prophet asked why he testified, and Khuzaymah replied that he believed the Messenger of Allah. The Prophet then ruled that the testimony of Khuzaymah was equivalent to that of two men.”

ʿAbdullah reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah say, “If the two parties to a sale disagree and neither has proof, the seller statement is accepted, or they may cancel the sale.”