Jami' at-Tirmidhi
Chapters on Manners
كتاب الأدب عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم
Chapter 1
مَا جَاءَ فِي تَشْمِيتِ الْعَاطِسِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Ali reported that Allah’s Messenger said: ‘A Muslim owes another Muslim six acts of kindness: greet him when you meet; respond when he calls you; invoke mercy for him when he sneezes; visit him when he is ill; follow his funeral when he dies; and love for him what you love for yourself.’
There are reports on this topic from Abu Hurayrah, Abu Ayyub, al-Bara’, and Abu Mas‘ud. Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan hadith, and it has been transmitted from the Prophet through more than one route. Some scholars criticized al-Harith al-A‘war.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic says to respond when the person calls; it does not specifically say to accept an invitation, as in the English witness. ‘Yushammituhu’ refers to invoking mercy after a sneeze.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Hurayrah reported that Allah’s Messenger said: ‘A believer owes another believer six things: visit him when he is ill; attend him when he dies; respond when he calls you; greet him when you meet; invoke mercy for him when he sneezes; and give him sincere counsel whether he is absent or present.’
Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih hadith. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Makhzumi al-Madani is trustworthy; ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Muhammad and Ibn Abi Fudayk transmitted from him.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic says respond when called, not simply accept an invitation. ‘Advise him sincerely’ renders yansahu lahu in both his presence and absence. The narrator assessment is included from the Arabic.
Chapter 2
مَا يَقُولُ الْعَاطِسُ إِذَا عَطَسَ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Hadrami, the freedman of the family of al-Jarud, reported from Nafi‘: A man sneezed beside Ibn ‘Umar and said, ‘Praise be to Allah, and peace be upon Allah’s Messenger.’ Ibn ‘Umar said, ‘I too say, “Praise be to Allah, and peace be upon Allah’s Messenger,” but this is not what Allah’s Messenger taught us. He taught us to say, “Praise be to Allah in every circumstance.”’
Abu ‘Isa said: This is a gharib hadith; we know it only through the narration of Ziyad ibn al-Rabi‘.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic attributes the words to the man who sneezed, then has Ibn ‘Umar correct the formula taught for this occasion. The English witness leaves off the grading note.
Chapter 3
مَا جَاءَ كَيْفَ تَشْمِيتُ الْعَاطِسِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Musa reported: The Jews used to make themselves sneeze in the presence of the Prophet, hoping he would say to them, ‘May Allah have mercy on you.’ Instead, he would say, ‘May Allah guide you and set your affairs right.’
There are reports on this topic from ‘Ali, Abu Ayyub, Salim ibn ‘Ubayd, ‘Abd Allah ibn Ja‘far, and Abu Hurayrah. Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih hadith.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The verb yata‘atasun indicates deliberately provoking a sneeze. The source includes several corroborating reports and a grading omitted from the English witness.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Salim ibn ‘Ubayd reported: I was with a group on a journey when one of them sneezed and said, ‘Peace be upon you.’ I replied, ‘Upon you and your mother.’ The man seemed upset, so I said, ‘I have only said what the Prophet said. A man sneezed in the Prophet’s presence and said, “Peace be upon you.” The Prophet replied, “Upon you and your mother.” When one of you sneezes, let him say, “Praise be to Allah, Lord of all worlds.” The one responding should say, “May Allah have mercy on you,” and the sneezer should say, “May Allah forgive us and you.”’
Abu ‘Isa said: Transmitters differed in their narration of this report from Mansur; some inserted a man between Hilal ibn Yasaf and Salim.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source’s wording has the sneezer say ‘Peace be upon you’ in this incident. The final response is ‘May Allah forgive us and you.’ Abu ‘Isa notes a chain variation in which an unnamed transmitter is inserted.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Ayyub reported that Allah’s Messenger said: ‘When one of you sneezes, let him say, “Praise be to Allah in every circumstance.” The one replying should say, “May Allah have mercy on you.” Then let him say, “May Allah guide you and set your affairs right.”’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic gives the final response without an explicit speaker; the sequence appears to be the sneezer replying after the invocation of mercy. The supplied English witness interprets the final words as addressed to the sneezer.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna reported: Muhammad ibn Ja‘far narrated from Shu‘bah, from Ibn Abi Layla, through this same chain, a report similar to it. He said: Shu‘bah transmitted this hadith from Ibn Abi Layla, from Abu Ayyub, from the Prophet. Ibn Abi Layla was inconsistent in this hadith: at times he said ‘from Abu Ayyub, from the Prophet,’ and at other times ‘from ‘Ali, from the Prophet.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The passage documents instability in Ibn Abi Layla’s attribution, alternating between Abu Ayyub and ‘Ali; the previous hadith’s chain is therefore subject to this variation.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Bashshar and Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Thaqafi al-Marwazi reported: Yahya ibn Sa‘id al-Qattan narrated from Ibn Abi Layla, from his brother ‘Isa, from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla, from ‘Ali, from the Prophet, a report similar in meaning.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
This is an alternate chain for the preceding report, through ‘Ali from the Prophet.
Chapter 4
مَا جَاءَ فِي إِيجَابِ التَّشْمِيتِ بِحَمْدِ الْعَاطِسِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Anas ibn Malik reported: Two men sneezed in the Prophet’s presence. He invoked mercy for one but not the other. The one he had not responded to said, ‘Messenger of Allah, you invoked mercy for him but not for me.’ The Messenger of Allah replied, ‘He praised Allah, whereas you did not praise Him.’
Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih hadith. It has also been narrated from Abu Hurayrah from the Prophet.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The response to the sneezer is rendered as ‘invoked mercy,’ reflecting tashmit; a person who sneezes is praised for saying al-hamdu lillah.
Chapter 5
مَا جَاءَ كَمْ يُشَمَّتُ الْعَاطِسُ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Iyas ibn Salamah ibn al-Akwa‘ reported from his father: A man sneezed in the presence of Allah’s Messenger while I was there. Allah’s Messenger said, ‘May Allah have mercy on you.’ The man sneezed a second and third time, and Allah’s Messenger said, ‘This man has a cold.’
Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih hadith.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Prophet invokes mercy after the first sneeze, then identifies the repeated sneezing as a cold.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Bashshar reported: Yahya ibn Sa‘id narrated from ‘Ikrimah ibn ‘Ammar, from Iyas ibn Salamah, from his father, from the Prophet, a similar report, except that on the third occasion he said to the man, ‘You have a cold.’ He said: This is more authentic than the narration of Ibn al-Mubarak.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
This variant makes the diagnosis directly to the man (‘You have a cold’), and the compiler prefers it to Ibn al-Mubarak’s version.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Shu‘bah also narrated this hadith from ‘Ikrimah ibn ‘Ammar, in a wording similar to Yahya ibn Sa‘id’s version. Ahmad ibn al-Hakam al-Basri reported to us: Muhammad ibn Ja‘far narrated from Shu‘bah, from ‘Ikrimah ibn ‘Ammar, likewise.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The passage supplies a supporting route through Shu‘bah, similar to Yahya ibn Sa‘id’s version.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahdi narrated it from ‘Ikrimah ibn ‘Ammar in a wording similar to Ibn al-Mubarak’s version, but on the third occasion he said to the man, ‘You have a cold.’ Ishaq ibn Mansur reported this route from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahdi.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
This variant agrees with the wording that directly tells the man, ‘You have a cold.’
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Umar ibn Ishaq ibn Abi Talhah reported from his mother, from her father, that Allah’s Messenger said: ‘Invoke mercy for the one who sneezes three times. If he sneezes more than that, then you may invoke mercy for him if you wish, or you may refrain.’
Abu ‘Isa said: This is a gharib hadith, and its chain is unidentified.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic sets three as the point through which the response is given; any further response is left optional. The source explicitly calls the chain unknown.
Chapter 6
مَا جَاءَ فِي خَفْضِ الصَّوْتِ وَتَخْمِيرِ الْوَجْهِ عِنْدَ الْعُطَاسِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Hurayrah reported that when the Prophet sneezed, he covered his face with his hand or garment and lowered its sound.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic says he muffled or lowered the sound of the sneeze while covering his face.
Chapter 7
مَا جَاءَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْعُطَاسَ وَيَكْرَهُ التَّثَاؤُبَ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Hurayrah reported that Allah’s Messenger said: ‘Sneezing is from Allah, and yawning is from Satan. When one of you yawns, let him cover his mouth with his hand. When he says “Ah, ah,” Satan laughs from within him. Allah loves sneezing and dislikes yawning. When a man yawns and says “Ah, ah,” Satan laughs inside him.’
Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih hadith.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic gives both the instruction to cover the mouth and the repeated explanation that Satan laughs when the yawner vocalizes ‘ah, ah.’ The report also says Allah loves sneezing and dislikes yawning.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Hurayrah reported that Allah’s Messenger said: ‘Allah loves sneezing and dislikes yawning. When one of you sneezes and says, “Praise be to Allah,” everyone who hears him is duty-bound to say, “May Allah have mercy on you.” As for yawning, when one of you yawns, let him suppress it as much as he can, and let him not say, “Ah, ah,” for that is from Satan, who laughs at him.’
Abu ‘Isa said: This is a sahih hadith, and it is more authentic than the report of Ibn ‘Ajlan. Ibn Abi Dhi’b has a better memory and is more reliable in transmitting Sa‘id al-Maqburi’s hadith than Muhammad ibn ‘Ajlan. Abu Bakr al-‘Attar al-Basri reported from ‘Ali ibn al-Madini, from Yahya ibn Sa‘id, that Muhammad ibn ‘Ajlan said: ‘Some reports of Sa‘id al-Maqburi were narrated by Sa‘id from Abu Hurayrah directly, and some by Sa‘id from a man, from Abu Hurayrah. They became confused for me, so I made them all from Sa‘id, from Abu Hurayrah.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic explicitly says listeners are duty-bound to respond to the sneezer who praises Allah. It also explains why Ibn ‘Ajlan’s version may have collapsed chains with and without an intermediary; the compiler prefers Ibn Abi Dhi’b’s version.
Chapter 8
مَا جَاءَ إِنَّ الْعُطَاسَ فِي الصَّلاَةِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Adi ibn Thabit, from his father, from his grandfather, attributing it to the Prophet, reported: ‘Sneezing, drowsiness and yawning during prayer, menstruation, vomiting, and nosebleeds are from Satan.’
Abu ‘Isa said: This is a gharib hadith; we know it only through Sharik’s narration from Abu al-Yaqzan. He said: I asked Muhammad ibn Isma‘il about ‘Adi ibn Thabit, from his father, from his grandfather. I asked him, ‘What was ‘Adi’s grandfather’s name?’ He replied, ‘I do not know.’ It is reported from Yahya ibn Ma‘in that his name was Dinar.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The report’s list and attribution are translated as stated, without interpreting the theological meaning. The source notes the chain is uniquely known through Sharik from Abu al-Yaqzan and gives an uncertain identification of the grandfather.
Chapter 9
كَرَاهِيَةِ أَنْ يُقَامَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ ثُمَّ يُجْلَسُ فِيهِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ibn ‘Umar reported that Allah’s Messenger said: ‘None of you should make his brother get up from his seat and then sit in it himself.’
Abu ‘Isa said: This is a hasan sahih hadith.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ibn ‘Umar reported that Allah’s Messenger said: ‘None of you should make his brother get up from his seat and then sit in it himself.’ Ibn ‘Umar would not sit in a place if a man got up for him. Abu ‘Isa said: This is a sahih hadith.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source adds Ibn ‘Umar’s own practice in response to someone yielding a seat; the English witness omits this sentence.