Drinks (Kitab Al-Ashribah)

Ahmad ibn Hanbal told us: Ismail ibn Ibrahim told us: Abu Hayyan told us: al-Shabi told me, from Ibn Umar, from Umar, who said: The prohibition of intoxicants was revealed, and intoxicants come from five things: grapes, dates, honey, wheat, and barley. An intoxicant is anything that clouds the mind. There are three matters I wished the Messenger of Allah had not left us before giving us guidance to follow: the share of a grandfather, kalalah, and the various forms of usury.

Abbad ibn Musa al-Khutalli informed us: Ismail—meaning Ibn Jafar—told us, from Israil, from Abu Ishaq, from Amr, from Umar ibn al-Khattab, who said: When the prohibition of intoxicants was revealed, Umar said, “O Allah, clarify the matter of intoxicants for us in a healing clarification.” Then the verse in al-Baqarah was revealed: “They ask you about intoxicants and gambling. Say: In them is great sin…” Umar was summoned and it was recited to him. He said, “O Allah, clarify the matter of intoxicants for us in a healing clarification.” Then the verse in al-Nisa was revealed: “O you who believe, do not approach prayer while intoxicated…” The Messenger of Allah had a caller announce whenever prayer was established, “Let no intoxicated person approach the prayer.” Umar was summoned and it was recited to him. He said, “O Allah, clarify the matter of intoxicants for us in a healing clarification.” Then this verse was revealed: “Will you then desist?” Umar said, “We have desisted.”

Musaddad told us: Yahya told us, from Sufyan: Ata ibn al-Saib told us, from Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami, from Ali ibn Abi Talib, peace be upon him: A man from the Ansar invited him and Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf and gave them wine before intoxicants were prohibited. Ali led them in the sunset prayer and recited, “Say: O you disbelievers.” He faltered in the recitation, and then this verse was revealed: “Do not approach prayer while intoxicated until you know what you are saying.”

Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Marwazi told us: Ali ibn Husayn told us, from his father, from Yazid al-Nahwi, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, who said: The verse, “O you who believe, do not approach prayer while intoxicated,” and the verse, “They ask you about intoxicants and gambling. Say: In them is great sin and benefits for people,” were abrogated by the verse in al-Maidah: “Intoxicants, gambling, stone altars…” to the end of the verse.

Sulayman ibn Harb told us: Hammad ibn Zayd told us, from Thabit, from Anas, who said: I was serving drinks to the people at the house of Abu Talhah when intoxicants were prohibited. Our only drink that day was fadhikh. A man came in and said, “Intoxicants have been prohibited, and the caller of the Messenger of Allah has announced it.” We said, “That is the caller of the Messenger of Allah.”

Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah told us: Waki ibn al-Jarrah told us, from Abd al-Aziz ibn Umar, from Abu Alqamah, their freedman, and Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah al-Ghafiqi, who both heard Ibn Umar say that the Messenger of Allah said, “Allah has cursed intoxicants, the one who drinks them, serves them, sells them, buys them, presses them, has them pressed, carries them, and the one to whom they are carried.”

Zuhayr ibn Harb told us: Waki told us, from Sufyan, from al-Suddi, from Abu Hubayrah, from Anas ibn Malik, that Abu Talhah asked the Prophet about orphans who had inherited intoxicants. He said, “Pour them out.” Abu Talhah asked, “May I not turn them into vinegar?” He replied, “No.”

Al-Hasan ibn Ali told us: Yahya ibn Adam told us: Israil told us, from Ibrahim ibn Muhajir, from al-Shabi, from al-Numan ibn Bashir, who said: The Messenger of Allah said, “Intoxicants may be made from grapes, dates, honey, wheat, and barley.”

Malik ibn Abd al-Wahid, Abu Ghassan, told us: Mutamir told us: I read to al-Fudayl ibn Maysarah, from Abu Hariz, that Amir told him that al-Numan ibn Bashir said: I heard the Messenger of Allah say, “Intoxicants come from pressed juice, raisins, dates, wheat, barley, and millet. I forbid you every intoxicant.”

Musa ibn Ismail told us: Aban told us: Yahya told me, from Abu Kathir, from Abu Hurairah, that the Messenger of Allah said, “Khamr comes from these two plants: the date palm and the grapevine.” Abu Dawud said: Abu Kathir al-Ghubari was named Yazid ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Ghufaylah al-Sahmi. Some said his name was Udhaynah; the correct name is Ghufaylah.

Sulayman ibn Dawud and Muhammad ibn Isa, along with others, told us: Hammad—meaning Ibn Zayd—told us, from Ayyub, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah said, “Every intoxicant is khamr, and every intoxicant is forbidden. Whoever dies while addicted to drinking khamr will not drink it in the Hereafter.”

Muhammad ibn Rafi al-Naysaburi told us: Ibrahim ibn Umar al-Sanani told us: I heard al-Numan say, from Tawus, from Ibn Abbas, from the Prophet, who said, “Every intoxicating substance is khamr, and every intoxicant is forbidden. Whoever drinks an intoxicant will have his prayer diminished for forty mornings. If he repents, Allah accepts his repentance. If he does it again a fourth time, Allah is bound to give him Tinatu al-Khabal to drink.” They asked, “What is Tinatu al-Khabal, Messenger of Allah?” He replied, “The discharge of the people of Hell.” He also said, “Whoever gives an intoxicating drink to a young person who cannot distinguish the lawful from the unlawful, Allah is bound to give him Tinatu al-Khabal to drink.”

Qutaybah told us: Ismail—meaning Ibn Jafar—told us, from Dawud ibn Bakr ibn Abi al-Furat, from Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir, from Jabir ibn Abd Allah, who said: The Messenger of Allah said, “Whatever intoxicates in a large quantity, a small quantity of it is forbidden.”

Abdullah ibn Maslamah al-Qanabi told us, from Malik, from Ibn Shihab, from Abu Salamah, from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: The Messenger of Allah was asked about bit. He replied, “Every drink that intoxicates is forbidden.” Abu Dawud said: I read this report to Yazid ibn Abd Rabbihi al-Jurjusi. Muhammad ibn Harb related it to you, from al-Zubaydi, from al-Zuhri, through its chain, and added: “Bit is a honey nabidh that the people of Yemen used to drink.” Abu Dawud said: I heard Ahmad ibn Hanbal say, “There is no god but Allah! How sound his memory was! There was no one like him among the people of Hims,” meaning al-Jurjusi.

Hannad ibn al-Sarri told us: Abdah told us, from Muhammad—meaning Ibn Ishaq—from Yazid ibn Abi Habib, from Marthad ibn Abd Allah al-Yazani, from Daylam al-Himyari, who said: I asked the Messenger of Allah, “Messenger of Allah, we live in a cold land, where we do hard work. We make a drink from this wheat to give us strength for our work and against the cold in our country.” He asked, “Does it intoxicate?” I said, “Yes.” He said, “Avoid it.” I said, “The people will not give it up.” He replied, “If they do not give it up, then fight them.”

Wahb ibn Baqiyyah told us, from Khalid, from Asim ibn Kulayb, from Abu Burdah, from Abu Musa, who said: I asked the Prophet about a drink made from honey. He said, “That is bit.” I asked, “And a drink made from barley and millet?” He said, “That is mizr.” Then he said, “Tell your people that every intoxicant is forbidden.”

Musa ibn Ismail told us: Hammad told us, from Muhammad ibn Ishaq, from Yazid ibn Abi Habib, from al-Walid ibn Abdah, from Abdullah ibn Amr, that the Prophet of Allah forbade khamr, maysir, kubah, and ghubayra, and said, “Every intoxicant is forbidden.” Abu Dawud said: Ibn Sallam related from Abu Ubayd that ghubayra is sukurka, a drink made from millet by the Abyssinians.

Said ibn Mansur told us: Abu Shihab Abd Rabbih ibn Nafi told us, from al-Hasan ibn Amr al-Fuqaymi, from al-Hakam ibn Utaybah, from Shahr ibn Hawshab, from Umm Salamah, who said: The Messenger of Allah forbade every intoxicant and everything that causes languor.

Musaddad and Musa ibn Ismail told us: Mahdi—meaning Ibn Maymun—told us: Abu Uthman—Musa said he was Amr ibn Salm al-Ansari—told us, from al-Qasim, from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah say, “Every intoxicant is forbidden. If a faraq measure of a drink intoxicates, then even a handful of it is forbidden.”