General Behavior (Kitab Al-Adab)

Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Azim al-Anbari narrated to us: al-Ahwaz, meaning Ibn Jawwab, narrated to us: Ammar ibn Ruzaq narrated to us, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Harith and Abu Maysarah, from Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who used to say when he went to bed: O Allah, I seek refuge by Your noble Countenance and Your perfect words from the evil of everything whose forelock You hold. O Allah, You dispel debt and sin. O Allah, Your army cannot be defeated, Your promise cannot be broken, and no wealth or good fortune can benefit its possessor against You. Glory and praise be to You.

Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Yazid ibn Harun narrated to us: Hammad ibn Salamah informed us, from Thabit, from Anas: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to bed, he would say: Praise belongs to Allah, who fed us, gave us drink, sufficed us, and gave us shelter. How many are there who have no one to suffice them and no one to shelter them.

Jafar ibn Musafir al-Tinnisi narrated to us: Yahya ibn Hassan narrated to us: Yahya ibn Hamzah narrated to us, from Thawr, from Khalid ibn Madan, from Abu al-Azhar al-Anmari: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ lay down at night, he would say: In the name of Allah I lay down my side. O Allah, forgive my sin, drive Satan away from me, release my pledge, and place me in the highest assembly. Abu Dawud said: Abu Hammam al-Ahwazi narrated it from Thawr and said: Abu Zuhayr al-Anmari.

Al-Nufayli narrated to us: Zuhayr narrated to us: Abu Ishaq narrated to us, from Farwah ibn Nawfal, from his father, that the Prophet ﷺ said to Nawfal: Recite: Say, O disbelievers; then sleep after its final verse, for it is a disavowal of associating partners with Allah.

Qutaybah ibn Said and Yazid ibn Khalid ibn Mawhab al-Hamdani narrated to us: al-Mufaddal—meaning Ibn Fadalah—narrated to us, from Uqayl, from Ibn Shihab, from Urwah, from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her: Every night, when the Prophet ﷺ went to bed, he would cup his palms together, blow into them, and recite into them: Say, He is Allah, One; Say, I seek refuge in the Lord of Daybreak; and Say, I seek refuge in the Lord of Mankind. Then he would wipe as much of his body as he could with them, beginning with his head and face and the front of his body. He did this three times.

Muammal ibn al-Fadl al-Harrani narrated to us: Baqiyyah narrated to us, from Buhayr, from Khalid ibn Madan, from Ibn Abi Bilal, from Irbad ibn Sariyah: Before lying down, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to recite the chapters that begin with glorification, and he said: Among them is a verse better than a thousand verses.

Ali ibn Muslim narrated to us: Abd al-Samad narrated to us: My father told me: Husayn narrated to us, from Ibn Buraydah, from Ibn Umar, who told him that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ lay down, he would say: Praise belongs to Allah, who sufficed me, gave me shelter, fed me, and gave me drink; who showed me favor and gave abundantly; praise belongs to Allah in every state. O Allah, Lord and Master of everything, God of everything, I seek refuge in You from the Fire.

Hamid ibn Yahya narrated to us: Abu Asim narrated to us, from Ibn Ajlan, from al-Maqburi, from Abu Hurayrah, who said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Whoever lies down without remembering Allah, Mighty and Exalted, will have a loss held against him on the Day of Resurrection; and whoever sits somewhere without remembering Allah, Mighty and Exalted, will have a loss held against him on the Day of Resurrection.

Abd al-Rahman ibn Ibrahim al-Dimashqi narrated to us: al-Walid narrated to us: Al-Awzai said: Umayr ibn Hani told me: Junadah ibn Abi Umayyah told me, from Ubadah ibn al-Samit, who said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Whoever wakes during the night and says upon awakening: There is no god but Allah alone, without partner. To Him belong the dominion and praise, and He has power over all things. Glory be to Allah, praise belongs to Allah, there is no god but Allah, Allah is greatest, and there is no power or strength except through Allah. Then he asks: My Lord, forgive me—his supplication is answered. If he gets up, performs ablution, and prays, his prayer is accepted. Al-Walid said: or he said, his supplication is answered.

Hamid ibn Yahya narrated to us: Abu Abd al-Rahman narrated to us: Said, meaning Ibn Abi Ayyub, narrated to us: Abdullah ibn al-Walid told me, from Said ibn al-Musayyib, from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ woke during the night, he would say: There is no god but You. Glory be to You, O Allah. I ask Your forgiveness for my sin and ask You for Your mercy. O Allah, increase me in knowledge, do not let my heart deviate after You have guided me, and grant me mercy from Your presence; You are indeed the Bestower.

Hafs ibn Umar narrated to us. (A second chain:) Musaddad narrated to us: Yahya narrated to us, from Shu bah, with the same meaning, from al-Hakam, from Ibn Abi Layla. Musaddad said: Ali told us: Fatimah complained to the Prophet ﷺ about the pain in her hand from the hand-mill. Some captives were brought, and she came to him to ask for a servant but did not find him. She told Aishah about it. When the Prophet ﷺ came, Aishah told him. He came to us after we had gone to bed. We began to get up, but he said: Stay where you are. He came and sat between us until I felt the coolness of his feet on my chest. He said: Shall I direct you to something better than what you asked for? When you go to bed, glorify Allah thirty-three times, praise Him thirty-three times, and magnify Him thirty-four times. That is better for you than a servant.

Muammal ibn Hisham al-Yashkuri narrated to us: Ismail ibn Ibrahim narrated to us, from al-Jurayri, from Abu al-Ward ibn Thumamah, who said: Ali said to Ibn Abad: Shall I tell you about myself and Fatimah, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who was the dearest of his family to him and was my wife? She ground grain with the mill until it marked her hand. She drew water with a waterskin until it left a mark on her neck. She swept the house until her clothes were covered in dust and tended the cooking pot until her clothes became darkened. This caused her hardship. We heard that some servants had been brought to the Prophet ﷺ, so I said: Why don’t you go to your father and ask him for a servant to help you? She went to him but found people talking with him and felt shy, so she returned. In the morning, he came to us while we were under our blanket and sat by her head. She hid her head beneath the blanket, feeling shy before her father. He asked: What need did you have yesterday from the household of Muhammad? She was silent twice. I said: By Allah, Messenger of Allah, I will tell you. She ground grain with the mill until it marked her hand, drew water with the waterskin until it marked her neck, swept the house until her clothes were dusty, and tended the pot until her clothes were darkened. We heard that servants or attendants had come to you, so I told her to ask you for a servant. He related the meaning of al-Hakam’s hadith in fuller form.

Abbas al-Anbari narrated to us: Abd al-Malik ibn Amr narrated to us: Abd al-Aziz ibn Muhammad narrated to us, from Yazid ibn al-Had, from Muhammad ibn Kab al-Qurazi, from Shabath ibn Rib i, from Ali, peace be upon him, from the Prophet ﷺ, with this report. It adds that Ali said: I never stopped saying these words after I heard them from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, except on the night of Siffin. I remembered them toward the end of the night and said them.

Hafs ibn Umar narrated to us: Shu bah narrated to us, from Ata ibn al-Saib, from his father, from Abdullah ibn Amr, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: There are two practices that no Muslim servant consistently maintains without entering Paradise. They are easy, but few people act on them. After every prayer, glorify Allah ten times, praise Him ten times, and magnify Him ten times. That is one hundred and fifty on the tongue and one thousand five hundred on the scales. When you go to bed, magnify Allah thirty-four times, praise Him thirty-three times, and glorify Him thirty-three times. That is one hundred on the tongue and one thousand on the scales. I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ count them on his hand. They asked: Messenger of Allah, how are these two easy, yet few people act on them? He replied: Satan comes to one of you in his sleep and lulls him to sleep before he says them; and he comes to him during his prayer and reminds him of a need before he says them.

Ahmad ibn Salih narrated to us: Abdullah ibn Wahb narrated to us: Ayyash ibn Uqbah al-Hadrami told me, from al-Fadl ibn Hasan al-Damri, that Ibn Umm al-Hakam or Dubaah, the two daughters of al-Zubayr, told him from one of them: Captives came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, so my sister, Fatimah the daughter of the Prophet ﷺ, and I went to him. We complained about our situation and asked him to allot us some of the captives. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: The orphans of Badr have preceded you. Then he mentioned the account of glorifying Allah. She said it was after each prayer; this version does not mention the bedtime recitation.

Musaddad narrated to us: Hushaym narrated to us, from Yala ibn Ata, from Amr ibn Asim, from Abu Hurayrah: Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, said: Messenger of Allah, teach me words to say in the morning and evening. He said: Say: O Allah, Creator of the heavens and the earth, Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, Lord and Sovereign of everything, I testify that there is no god but You. I seek refuge in You from the evil within myself, the evil of Satan, and his associating partners with You. He said: Say this in the morning, in the evening, and when you go to bed.

Musa ibn Ismail narrated to us: Wuhayb narrated to us: Suhayl narrated to us, from his father, from Abu Hurayrah, from the Prophet ﷺ, who used to say in the morning: O Allah, by You we enter the morning and by You we enter the evening; by You we live and by You we die, and to You is the resurrection. In the evening he would say: O Allah, by You we enter the evening; by You we live and by You we die, and to You is the resurrection.

Ahmad ibn Salih narrated to us: Muhammad ibn Abi Fudayk narrated to us: Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd al-Majid informed me, from Hisham ibn al-Ghaz ibn Rabiah, from Mak-hul al-Dimashqi, from Anas ibn Malik: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Whoever says in the morning or evening, O Allah, I have entered the morning calling You, the bearers of Your Throne, Your angels, and all Your creation to witness that You are Allah, there is no god but You, and that Muhammad is Your servant and Messenger, Allah will free one quarter of him from the Fire. Whoever says it twice, Allah will free half of him; whoever says it three times, Allah will free three quarters of him; and if he says it four times, Allah will free him from the Fire.

Ahmad ibn Yunus narrated to us: Zuhayr narrated to us: al-Walid ibn Thalabah al-Ta i narrated to us, from Ibn Buraydah, from his father, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: Whoever says in the morning or evening: O Allah, You are my Lord; there is no god but You. You created me and I am Your servant, and I uphold Your covenant and promise as best I can. I seek refuge in You from the evil of what I have done. I acknowledge Your blessing upon me and I acknowledge my sin, so forgive me, for none forgives sins except You. If he dies that day or that night, he will enter Paradise.

Wahb ibn Baqiyyah narrated to us, from Khalid. (A second chain:) Muhammad ibn Qudamah ibn Ayan narrated to us: Jarir narrated to us, from al-Hasan ibn Ubaydullah, from Ibrahim ibn Suwayd, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Yazid, from Abdullah: In the evening, the Prophet ﷺ used to say: We have entered the evening, and dominion belongs to Allah. Praise belongs to Allah. There is no god but Allah alone, without partner. Jarir’s report adds what Zubayd used to say: Ibrahim ibn Suwayd used to say: There is no god but Allah alone, without partner. To Him belong the dominion and praise, and He has power over all things. My Lord, I ask You for the good of this night and what follows it, and I seek refuge in You from the evil of this night and what follows it. My Lord, I seek refuge in You from laziness and from the evil of arrogance—or disbelief. My Lord, I seek refuge in You from punishment in the Fire and punishment in the grave. In the morning he would say the same, beginning: We have entered the morning, and dominion belongs to Allah. Abu Dawud said: Shu bah narrated it from Salamah ibn Kuhayl, from Ibrahim ibn Suwayd, with the wording: from the evil of arrogance, omitting the evil of disbelief.