The Rites of Hajj (Kitab Al-Manasik Wa'l-Hajj)

Ubayd Allah ibn Umar ibn Maysarah narrated to us; Yahya ibn Sa‘id narrated to us; al-Sa’ib ibn Umar al-Makhzumi narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn al-Sa’ib narrated to me, from his father, who used to guide Ibn Abbas and position him at the third corner from the side of the Corner nearest the Stone and the Door. Ibn Abbas would ask him: Have you been told that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to pray here? He would reply: Yes. Ibn Abbas would then stand and pray.

Al-Qa‘nabi narrated to us, from Malik, from Hisham ibn Urwah. And Ibn al-Sarh narrated to us; Ibn Wahb narrated to us, from Malik, from Hisham ibn Urwah, from his father, who said: I asked Aishah, the wife of the Prophet (ﷺ), when I was still young: What do you think of Allah’s saying, ‘Indeed, al-Safa and al-Marwah are among the symbols of Allah’? I see no blame on anyone for not going around them. Aishah said: No. If it were as you say, it would have said, ‘There is no blame on him for not going around them.’ This verse was revealed concerning the Ansar: they used to enter consecration for Manat, which was at Qudayd, and they felt scruple about going between al-Safa and al-Marwah. When Islam came, they asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) about it, and Allah revealed: ‘Indeed, al-Safa and al-Marwah are among the symbols of Allah.’

Musaddad narrated to us; Khalid ibn Abd Allah narrated to us; Ismail ibn Abi Khalid narrated to us, from Abd Allah ibn Abi Awfa, that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) performed ‘umrah, circumambulated the House, and prayed two rak‘ahs behind the Station, with people shielding him. Abd Allah was asked: Did the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) enter the Ka‘bah? He replied: No.

Tamim ibn al-Muntasir narrated to us; Ishaq ibn Yusuf informed us; Sharik informed us, from Ismail ibn Abi Khalid, who said: I heard Abd Allah ibn Abi Awfa narrate this report. He added: Then he went to al-Safa and al-Marwah, went between them seven times, and shaved his head.

Al-Nufayli narrated to us; Zuhayr narrated to us; Ata ibn al-Sa’ib narrated to us, from Kathir ibn Jumhan, that a man said to Abd Allah ibn Umar between al-Safa and al-Marwah: Abu Abd al-Rahman, I see you walking while the people jog. He replied: If I walk, I have seen the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) walk; and if I jog, I have seen the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) jog. I am an old man.

Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Nufayli, Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah, Hisham ibn Ammar, and Sulayman ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Dimashqi narrated to us (some transmitters add or omit a word or phrase); they said: Hatim ibn Isma‘il narrated to us; Ja‘far ibn Muhammad narrated to us, from his father: We visited Jabir ibn Abd Allah. When we reached him, he asked about the visitors until it was my turn. I said: I am Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Husayn. He reached toward my head, undid my upper button and then my lower one, and placed his palm between my chest, for I was then a young boy. He welcomed me, saying: Welcome, my nephew; ask whatever you wish. I questioned him while he was blind. When prayer time came, he stood wrapped in a small patched garment; whenever he put it over his shoulders, its short ends slipped back. He led us in prayer, while his cloak lay on a rack beside him. I asked him about the Messenger of Allah’s (ﷺ) Hajj. He indicated nine with his fingers and said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) remained for nine years without performing Hajj. In the tenth year it was announced to the people that he would perform Hajj. Many people came to Medina, each hoping to follow the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and do as he did. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) set out, and we set out with him, until we reached Dhu al-Hulayfah. Asma bint Umays gave birth to Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr and sent to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), asking what she should do. He said: Bathe, bind yourself with a cloth, and enter ihram. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prayed in the mosque, then mounted al-Qaswa’. When his she-camel stood on al-Bayda’, Jabir said: As far as I could see, there were riders and people on foot before him, to his right, left, and behind him. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was among us, and the Qur’an was being revealed to him; he knew its interpretation. Whatever he did, we did. He proclaimed the oneness of Allah in the talbiyah: Here I am, O Allah, here I am; here I am, You have no partner, here I am. Surely all praise, grace, and sovereignty belong to You; You have no partner. The people recited their own talbiyah, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) did not object to anything they said; he continued his own talbiyah. Jabir said: We intended only Hajj, not knowing ‘umrah at that season. When we reached the House with him, he touched the Corner, performed ramal for three circuits and walked for four. He then went to the Station of Ibrahim and recited: ‘Take the Station of Ibrahim as a place of prayer,’ placing the Station between himself and the House. The narrators differ on whether the following detail was traced to the Prophet (ﷺ): Sulayman said that, as far as he knew, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) recited in the two rak‘ahs ‘Say: He is Allah, One’ and ‘Say: O disbelievers.’ He returned to the House, touched the Corner, then went out by the door to al-Safa. Near al-Safa he recited: ‘Indeed, al-Safa and al-Marwah are among the symbols of Allah,’ and said: We begin with that with which Allah began. He began at al-Safa, climbed until he could see the House, magnified and affirmed Allah’s oneness, then said: There is no god but Allah alone, with no partner. To Him belong sovereignty and praise; He gives life and causes death, and He has power over all things. There is no god but Allah alone; He fulfilled His promise, aided His servant, and defeated the confederates alone. He supplicated between these declarations, saying the like three times. He descended toward al-Marwah; when his feet reached the valley floor, he ran, and when he ascended he walked, until he reached al-Marwah. He did there as he had done at al-Safa. At his final arrival at al-Marwah he said: Had I known beforehand what I know now, I would not have brought sacrificial animals and would have made this an ‘umrah. Those of you who have no sacrificial animal should leave ihram and make it an ‘umrah. The people all left ihram and shortened their hair, except the Prophet (ﷺ) and those who had sacrificial animals. Suraqah ibn Malik ibn Ju‘shum stood and asked: Is this for this year or forever? The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) interlaced his fingers and said: ‘Umrah has entered into Hajj—no, rather, forever and ever. Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) came from Yemen with the Prophet’s sacrificial animals and found Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) among those who had left ihram; she had put on dyed clothes and applied kohl. Ali objected and asked who had instructed her. She said: My father. Jabir said that Ali later told people in Iraq: I went to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), seeking his ruling about what Fatimah had done and telling him I objected; she had said her father ordered her. He replied: She spoke the truth, she spoke the truth. What did you say when you entered Hajj? I said: O Allah, I enter ihram for what Your Messenger enters ihram for. He said: I have sacrificial animals with me, so do not leave ihram. The animals brought by Ali from Yemen and those brought by the Prophet (ﷺ) from Medina numbered one hundred. All the people except the Prophet (ﷺ) and those with sacrificial animals left ihram and shortened their hair. On the Day of Tarwiyah, they set out for Mina having entered ihram for Hajj. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) rode and prayed the noon, afternoon, sunset, night, and dawn prayers at Mina. He stayed briefly until sunrise and ordered a hair tent to be pitched for him at Namirah. Quraysh assumed he would stop at al-Mash‘ar al-Haram in al-Muzdalifah, as they had done in pre-Islamic times, but he continued to ‘Arafah and found the tent pitched at Namirah. He stayed there until the sun passed its zenith, then ordered al-Qaswa’ to be saddled, rode to the valley floor, and addressed the people: Your blood and property are sacred to one another, like the sanctity of this day, this month, and this land. All matters of the pre-Islamic era are abolished beneath my feet. Blood claims from that era are abolished; the first blood claim I set aside is ours—the blood of Ibn Rabi‘ah (another wording specifies Rabi‘ah ibn al-Harith ibn Abd al-Muttalib, who had been nursed among Banu Sa‘d and killed by Hudhayl). Usury from the pre-Islamic era is abolished; the first usury I set aside is ours, the usury of al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, all of it. Fear Allah regarding women: you have taken them in trust from Allah and made intimacy with them lawful by Allah’s word. They owe you that they not admit to your beds anyone you dislike; if they do, discipline them without severity. You owe them provision and clothing in a fair manner. I have left among you that by which you will never go astray if you hold fast to it: Allah’s Book. You will be asked about me; what will you say? They replied: We testify that you conveyed and delivered the message and gave sincere counsel. He raised his index finger toward the sky and pointed it toward the people, saying: O Allah, bear witness, three times. Bilal gave the call to prayer and the iqamah; the Prophet (ﷺ) prayed noon, then another iqamah was given and he prayed afternoon, doing no prayer between them. He rode to the standing place, positioned al-Qaswa’ facing the rocks with the footpath before him, and faced the qiblah. He remained there until sunset and the sun’s disk had disappeared. He took Usamah behind him and urged al-Qaswa’ forward, keeping its reins tight until its head nearly touched the saddle pommel, while saying with his right hand: Be calm, people, be calm. Whenever they came to a hill, he loosened the reins slightly so the camel could climb. At al-Muzdalifah he combined sunset and night prayers with one call to prayer and two iqamahs; Uthman’s wording says he performed no voluntary prayer between them. He lay down until dawn, then prayed the dawn prayer once morning light was clear (Sulayman’s wording specifies a call to prayer and iqamah). He rode to al-Mash‘ar al-Haram, ascended it, faced the qiblah, praised Allah, magnified Him, proclaimed His oneness (Uthman adds this last phrase), and remained there until it was very light. Before sunrise he departed, taking al-Fadl ibn Abbas behind him, a handsome man with fine, light-colored hair. As the women’s litters passed, al-Fadl looked at them. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) covered al-Fadl’s face with his hand, while al-Fadl turned his face the other way; the Prophet moved his hand to that side, and al-Fadl continued turning to look until they reached Muhassir. He urged the camel on briefly, then took the middle route leading to the largest Jamrah and came to the Jamrah by the tree. He threw seven small pebbles, like beans, from the valley floor, saying Allahu akbar with each. He went to the place of sacrifice and slaughtered sixty-three camels with his own hand, then ordered Ali to slaughter the remaining animals and included him in the sacrifice. He ordered a piece from each camel to be put in a pot and cooked; they both ate some meat and drank its broth. Sulayman said he then mounted. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) proceeded to the House and prayed noon in Mecca. He came to Banu Abd al-Muttalib, who were drawing water at Zamzam, and said: Draw water, Banu Abd al-Muttalib. Were it not that people might take away your right to provide water, I would draw with you. They handed him a bucket, and he drank from it.

Abd Allah ibn Maslamah narrated to us; Sulayman—meaning Ibn Bilal—narrated to us. Ahmad ibn Hanbal narrated to us; Abd al-Wahhab al-Thaqafi narrated to us—the meaning is the same—from Ja‘far ibn Muhammad, from his father, that the Prophet (ﷺ) prayed noon and afternoon at ‘Arafah with one call to prayer and two iqamahs, performing no voluntary prayer between them. At al-Jam‘ (Muzdalifah), he prayed sunset and night with one call and two iqamahs, likewise performing no voluntary prayer between them. Abu Dawud said: Hatim ibn Isma‘il included this report in the longer hadith. Muhammad ibn Ali al-Ju‘fi agreed with Hatim’s chain, from Ja‘far, from his father, from Jabir, except that his version says he prayed sunset and night with one call and one iqamah.

Ahmad ibn Hanbal narrated to us; Yahya ibn Sa‘id narrated to us; Ja‘far narrated to us; my father narrated to us, from Jabir, who said: The Prophet (ﷺ) said: I sacrificed here, and all of Mina is a place of sacrifice. He stood at ‘Arafah and said: I stood here, and all of ‘Arafah is a place of standing. He stood at al-Muzdalifah and said: I stood here, and all of al-Muzdalifah is a place of standing.

Musaddad narrated to us; Hafs ibn Ghiyath narrated to us, from Ja‘far, with the same chain, adding: Sacrifice at your encampments.

Ya‘qub ibn Ibrahim narrated to us; Yahya ibn Sa‘id al-Qattan narrated to us, from Ja‘far, who said: My father narrated to me, from Jabir, who related this report and included, after the verse ‘Take the Station of Ibrahim as a place of prayer,’ that he recited in those prayers ‘Say: He is One’ and ‘Say: O disbelievers.’ In this version, Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said in Kufa: My father said Jabir did not mention this phrase. I went to challenge the account concerning Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), and he related her story.

Hannad narrated to us, from Abu Mu‘awiyah, from Hisham ibn Urwah, from his father, from Aishah, who said: Quraysh and those who followed their religion used to stand at al-Muzdalifah; they were called al-Hums. The rest of the Arabs stood at ‘Arafah. When Islam came, Allah Most High commanded His Prophet (ﷺ) to go to ‘Arafat, stand there, and then depart from it. This is the meaning of His saying: ‘Then depart from where the people depart.’

Zuhayr ibn Harb narrated to us; al-Ahwass ibn Jawwab al-Dabbi narrated to us; Ammar ibn Ruziq narrated to us, from Sulayman al-A‘mash, from al-Hakam, from Miqsam, from Ibn Abbas, who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prayed noon on the Day of Tarwiyah and dawn on the Day of ‘Arafah at Mina.

Ahmad ibn Ibrahim narrated to us; Ishaq al-Azraq narrated to us, from Sufyan, from Abd al-Aziz ibn Rufay‘, who said: I asked Anas ibn Malik: Tell me something you remember from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). Where did he pray noon on the Day of Tarwiyah? He said: At Mina. I asked: Where did he pray afternoon on the Day of Departure? He said: At al-Abtah. Then he said: Do as your leaders do.

Ahmad ibn Hanbal narrated to us; Ya‘qub narrated to us; my father narrated to us, from Ibn Ishaq, who said: Nafi‘ narrated to me, from Ibn Umar: On the morning of the Day of ‘Arafah, after praying dawn, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) left Mina and reached ‘Arafah. He stopped at Namirah, where the imam stays at ‘Arafah. Around the time of noon prayer, he set out early and combined noon and afternoon prayers. Then he addressed the people and proceeded to the standing place at ‘Arafah.

Ahmad ibn Hanbal narrated to us; Waki‘ narrated to us; Nafi‘ ibn Umar narrated to us, from Sa‘id ibn Hassan, from Ibn Umar, who said: After al-Hajjaj killed Ibn al-Zubayr, he sent to Ibn Umar asking at what time the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would set out that day. Ibn Umar replied: When it is time, we will set out. When Ibn Umar was about to leave, they said: The sun has not passed its zenith. He asked: Has it passed? They said it had not—or had. When they said it had passed, he departed.

Hannad narrated to us, from Ibn Abi Za’idah; Sufyan ibn Uyaynah narrated to us, from Zayd ibn Aslam, from a man of Banu Damrah, from his father or uncle, who said: I saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on the pulpit at ‘Arafah.

Musaddad narrated to us; Abd Allah ibn Dawud narrated to us, from Salamah ibn Nubayt, from a man of the tribe, from his father Nubayt, that he saw the Prophet (ﷺ) standing at ‘Arafah on a red camel and delivering a sermon.

Hannad ibn al-Sari and Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us; they said: Waki‘ narrated to us, from Abd al-Majid, who said: al-‘Adda’ ibn Khalid ibn Hawdhah narrated to me. Hannad’s version specifies Abd al-Majid Abu Amr; he said: Khalid ibn al-‘Adda’ ibn Hawdhah narrated to me: I saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) addressing the people on the Day of ‘Arafah while mounted on a camel, standing in the stirrups. Abu Dawud said: Ibn al-A‘la narrated it from Waki‘ as Hannad did.

Abbas ibn Abd al-Azim narrated to us; Uthman ibn Umar narrated to us; Abd al-Majid Abu Amr narrated to us, from al-‘Adda’, with a similar meaning.

Ibn Nufayl narrated to us; Sufyan narrated to us, from Amr—meaning Ibn Dinar—from Amr ibn Abd Allah ibn Safwan, from Yazid ibn Shayban, who said: We were at ‘Arafah in a place that Amr considered far from where the imam stood. Ibn Mirba‘ al-Ansari came to us and said: I am the Messenger of Allah’s (ﷺ) messenger to you. He says: Stand at your ritual stations, for you are following the legacy of your father Ibrahim.