Al-Adab Al-Mufrad
Sitting and lying down
باب الجلوس والاستلقاء
Chapter 558
بَابُ الاحْتِبَاءِ فِي الثَّوْبِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Abd Allah ibn Salih related to us: al-Layth related to me: Yunus related to me, from Ibn Shihab, who said: ‘Amir ibn Sa‘d informed me that Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade two kinds of dress and two kinds of sale. He forbade mulamasah and munabadah in sales. Mulamasah is when a man touches a garment, and munabadah is when one man throws his garment to another; this is their sale without inspection. The two kinds of dress are ishtimal al-samma’: a man puts one end of his garment over one shoulder, leaving one side of his body exposed with nothing over it; and the other kind is ihtiba’ with his garment while seated, with nothing from it covering his private parts.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic itself defines the named sales and forms of dress; the terms are retained to keep those labels distinct.
الْمُنَابَذَةِ
These are named transaction forms whose exact procedural details may merit specialist review; the Arabic gives brief definitions.
Do these English descriptions accurately preserve the transactional mechanics specified in the Arabic?
اشْتِمَالُ الصَّمَّاءِ
The Arabic text defines the wearing configuration immediately afterward, but the technical label has no simple English equivalent.
Should the technical label be retained alongside the source’s description?
Chapter 559
بَابُ مَنْ أُلْقِيَ لَهُ وِسَادَةٌ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad related to us: ‘Amr ibn ‘Awf related to us: Khalid ibn ‘Abd Allah related to us, from Khalid, from Abu Qilabah, who said: Abu al-Malih informed me: I went with your father, Zayd, to ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr. He told us that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had been told about my fasting, so he came to me. I spread out for him a leather cushion stuffed with palm fiber, but he sat on the ground, with the cushion between us. He said to me, ‘Are three days each month enough for you?’ I said, ‘Messenger of Allah!’ He said, ‘Five?’ I said, ‘Messenger of Allah!’ He said, ‘Seven?’ I said, ‘Messenger of Allah!’ He said, ‘Nine?’ I said, ‘Messenger of Allah!’ He said, ‘Eleven?’ I said, ‘Messenger of Allah!’ He said, ‘There is no fasting beyond the fasting of David: half the time, fasting one day and breaking the fast the next.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The sequence of monthly fast-day counts is retained in full: three, five, seven, nine, and eleven.
أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْمَلِيحِ
The narration shifts from Abu al-Malih’s report to ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr’s first-person account; ‘your father’ addresses someone not named in this passage.
Is this layering of the report correctly represented, and who is addressed by ‘your father’?
سَبْعًا
The English witness omits the seven- and nine-day exchanges present in Arabic.
Should the complete sequence of proposed counts remain in the translation?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muslim ibn Ibrahim related to us: Shu‘bah related to us, from Yazid ibn Khumayr, from ‘Abd Allah ibn Busr: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed by his father, who spread out a felt rug for him, and he sat on it.
Chapter 560
بَابُ الْقُرْفُصَاءِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Musa related to us: ‘Abd Allah ibn Hassan al-‘Anbari said: My two grandmothers, Safiyyah bint ‘Ulaybah and Duhaybah bint ‘Ulaybah, who were Qaylah’s stepdaughters, told me that Qaylah informed them, saying: I saw the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sitting with his knees drawn up. When I saw the Prophet sitting in such a humble posture, I trembled with fear.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
الْقُرْفُصَاءَ
The term names a particular seated posture; English descriptions vary in which limbs or arms are included.
Does ‘sitting with his knees drawn up’ adequately convey القرفصاء here?
الْفَرَقِ
The noun denotes fear or awe; the intensity is clear but its precise shade is uncertain.
Is ‘fear’ or ‘awe’ the better choice for الفرق in this context?
Chapter 561
بَابُ التَّرَبُّعِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr related to us: Muhammad ibn ‘Uthman al-Qurashi related to us: Dhayyal ibn ‘Ubayd ibn Hanzalah related to us: My grandfather, Hanzalah ibn Hudhaym, told me: I came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and saw him sitting cross-legged.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ibrahim ibn al-Mundhir related to us: Ma‘n related to me: Abu Ruzaq told me that he saw ‘Ali ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abbas sitting cross-legged, with his right leg resting over his left.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Yusuf related to us: Sufyan related to us, from ‘Imran ibn Muslim, who said: I saw Anas ibn Malik sit like this, cross-legged, with one foot resting over the other.
Chapter 562
بَابُ الاحْتِبَاءِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad related to us: Wahb ibn Jarir related to us: Qurrah ibn Khalid related to us: Qurrah ibn Musa al-Hujaymi related to me, from Sulaym ibn Jabir al-Hujaymi, who said: I came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while he was sitting with his knees drawn up in a mantle whose fringes reached his feet. I said, ‘Messenger of Allah, advise me.’ He said, ‘Be mindful of Allah, and do not consider any good deed insignificant, even pouring water from your bucket into the vessel of someone asking for water, or speaking to your brother with a cheerful face. Beware of letting your lower garment trail, for that is a kind of conceit, and Allah does not love it. If someone reproaches you for something he knows about you, do not reproach him for something you know about him. Leave its consequence to him, and its reward will be yours. Do not revile anything.’ He said: Since then I have not reviled any animal or person.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
فما سببت بعد
The English witness omits the narrator’s closing statement that he followed the instruction thereafter.
Should the narrator’s final statement be included as part of the source translation?
لِلْمُسْتَسْقِي
The word refers to a person seeking water, but the exact situation is not specified.
Is ‘someone asking for water’ an adequate rendering here?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ibrahim ibn al-Mundhir related to us: Ibn Abi Fudayk related to me: Hisham ibn Sa‘d related to me, from Nu‘aym ibn al-Mujmir, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: Whenever I saw al-Hasan, my eyes would overflow with tears. That is because one day the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went out and found me in the mosque. He took me by the hand, and I went with him. He did not speak to me until we came to the market of Banu Qaynuqa‘. He walked around it and looked, then turned back, and I went with him until we came to the mosque. He sat and drew his knees up, then said, ‘Where is the little one? Call the little one to me.’ Hasan came running and fell into his lap. Then he put his hand into Hasan’s beard, and the Prophet began opening his mouth and placing his mouth against Hasan’s. Then he said, ‘O Allah, I love him, so love him, and love whoever loves him.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The report uses the affectionate term لَكَاعٌ for Hasan.
لَكَاعٌ
This is an affectionate or familiar term for a small child; the exact English equivalent is uncertain.
Is ‘little one’ suitable for لَكَاعٌ in this affectionate address?
Chapter 563
بَابُ مَنْ بَرَكَ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Yahya ibn Salih related to us: Ishaq ibn Yahya al-Kalbi related to us: al-Zuhri related to us: Anas ibn Malik related that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, led them in the noon prayer. When he had given the salutation, he stood on the pulpit and spoke of the Hour and the tremendous events that would occur in it. Then he said, ‘Whoever wishes to ask about something, let him ask. By Allah, you will ask me nothing while I remain standing here without my telling you about it.’ Anas said: When the people heard this from the Messenger of Allah, they wept greatly, and the Messenger of Allah repeatedly said, ‘Ask!’ ‘Umar knelt and said, ‘We are content with Allah as Lord, Islam as religion, and Muhammad as Messenger.’ The Messenger of Allah fell silent when ‘Umar said that. Then the Messenger of Allah said, ‘[Awla.] By the One in whose hand is Muhammad’s soul, Paradise and the Fire were shown to me across this wall while I was praying. I have never seen a day like today in regard to good and evil.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic says that Paradise and the Fire were shown across or along this wall; it does not say ‘inside the garden.’
أَوْلَى
The brief word’s force is unclear in this context; the English witness gives ‘Better!’ but this may be interpretive.
What is the intended meaning of أَوْلَى at this point in the report?
هَذَا الْحَائِطِ
The witness renders the vision as occurring ‘inside this garden,’ while the Arabic mentions the breadth or expanse of this wall.
Does ‘across this wall’ best preserve في عرض هذا الحائط without adding a location?
Chapter 564
بَابُ الاسْتِلْقَاءِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Malik ibn Isma‘il related to us: Ibn ‘Uyaynah related to us: I heard al-Zuhri narrating to him, from ‘Abbad ibn Tamim, from his paternal uncle, who said: I saw him. I asked Ibn ‘Uyaynah, ‘The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace?’ He said, ‘Yes—lying on his back, with one leg over the other.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic leaves the paternal uncle unnamed in this text; the English witness identifies him as ‘Abd Allah ibn Zayd ibn ‘Asim al-Mazini.
عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ قَالَ
The Arabic source does not name the uncle, though the English witness supplies a name.
Should the uncle remain unnamed unless confirmed from an authorized contextual source?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ishaq ibn Muhammad related to us: ‘Abd Allah ibn Ja‘far related to us, from Umm Bakr bint al-Miswar, from her father, who said: I saw ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Awf lying on his back with one leg raised over the other.
Chapter 565
بَابُ الضَّجْعَةِ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Khalaf ibn Musa ibn Khalaf related to us: my father related to us, from Yahya ibn Abi Kathir, from Abu Salamah ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Awf, from Ibn Tikhfah al-Ghifari, that his father told him he was among the Companions of the Suffah. He said: Late one night, I was sleeping in the mosque on my stomach. Someone came to me while I was asleep, moved me with his foot, and said, ‘Get up. This is a way of lying that Allah hates.’ I raised my head, and there was the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, standing over me.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Companions of the Suffah designation is retained as a group name.
أَصْحَابِ الصُّفَّةِ
The phrase names a recognized group; the English equivalent may be transliterated or described.
Should أصحاب الصفة be retained as ‘Companions of the Suffah’ or rendered descriptively?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Mahmud related to us: Yazid ibn Harun related to us: al-Walid ibn Jamil al-Kindi, from the people of Palestine, informed us, from al-Qasim ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman, from Abu Umamah, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed by a man in the mosque lying face down. He struck him with his foot and said, ‘Get up! This is a hellish way to sleep.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
نَوْمَةٌ جَهَنَّمِيَّةٌ
The adjective is formed from Jahannam; its force may be ‘hellish’ or ‘of Hell.’
Is ‘hellish way to sleep’ an appropriate rendering of نومة جهنمية here?
Chapter 566
بَابُ لا يَأْخُذُ وَلا يُعْطِي إِلا بِالْيُمْنَى
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Yahya ibn Sulayman related to us: Ibn Wahb related to us: ‘Umar ibn Muhammad related to me: al-Qasim ibn ‘Ubayd Allah ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Umar related to me, from Salim, from his father, who said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: ‘Let none of you eat with his left hand or drink with his left hand, for Satan eats and drinks with his left hand.’ He said: Nafi‘ used to add to it, ‘And let him not take with it or give with it.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
قال: كان نافع يزيد فيها
The final note records an additional wording variant attributed to Nafi‘, which is absent from the English witness.
Should the additional prohibition against taking or giving with the left hand remain in this report?
Chapter 567
بَابُ: أَيْنَ يَضَعُ نَعْلَيْهِ إِذَا جَلَسَ؟
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Qutaybah related to us: Safwan ibn ‘Isa related to us: ‘Abd Allah ibn Harun related to us, from Ziyad ibn Sa‘d, from Ibn Nahik, from Ibn ‘Abbas, who said: ‘It is part of the Sunnah that when a man sits, he should take off his sandals and place them beside him.’
Chapter 568
بَابُ الشَّيْطَانُ يَجِيءُ بِالْعُودِ وَالشَّيْءِ يَطْرَحُهُ عَلَى الْفِرَاشِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Abd Allah ibn Salih related to us: Mu‘awiyah related to me, from Azhar ibn Sa‘id, who said: I heard Abu Umamah say: Satan comes to one of you at his bed after his family has spread it and prepared it. He tosses a stick, stone, or some other thing onto him to make him angry with his family. If he finds this happening, let him not become angry with his family, for it is part of Satan’s doing.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
فَيُلْقِي عَلَيْهِ الْعُودَ أَوِ الْحَجَرَ أَوِ الشَّيْءَ
The report does not specify the means by which Satan’s act is experienced; the wording is kept close to the Arabic.
Does the phrase describe literal objects being thrown, or an impression that provokes anger?
Chapter 569
بَابُ مَنْ بَاتَ عَلَى سَطْحٍ لَيْسَ لَهُ سُتْرَةٌ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna related to us: Salim ibn Nuh related to us: ‘Umar, a man from Banu Hanifah, namely Ibn Jabir, informed us, from Wa‘lah ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Waththab, from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Ali, from his father, from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said: ‘Whoever spends the night on the roof of a house without a barrier has no protection owed to him.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah said: There is a question about its chain of transmission.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
في إسناده نظر
The compiler’s note questions the isnad; it is omitted from the English witness, which also gives a different name as the reporter.
Should the compiler’s criticism of the chain and its attribution to Abu ‘Abd Allah be preserved?
الذِّمَّةُ
The expression concerns the dhimmah or guarantee of protection; a concise English equivalent may be difficult.
What rendering best preserves الذمة in the warning about sleeping on an unprotected roof?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Kathir related to us: Sufyan informed us, from ‘Imran ibn Muslim ibn Riyah al-Thaqafi, from ‘Ali ibn ‘Umarah, who said: Abu Ayyub al-Ansari came, and I took him up onto a flat, open roof. He came down and said, ‘I nearly spent the night with no protection.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
ذِمَّةَ
ذمة may refer to protection or a guarantee of safety; the report’s exact legal or devotional implication is not explained.
What is the most precise contextual rendering of ذمة in this statement?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Musa ibn Isma‘il related to us: al-Harith ibn ‘Ubayd related to us: Abu ‘Imran related to me, from Zuhayr, from a man among the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, from the Prophet, who said: ‘Whoever spends the night on an injar and falls from it and dies, the dhimmah is absolved of responsibility for him. Whoever boards a ship at sea when it is surging—that is, when it is violently agitated—and perishes, the dhimmah is absolved of responsibility for him.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
عَلَى إِنْجَارٍ فَوَقَعَ مِنْهُ
The term إنجار denotes a raised architectural surface or roof-like structure; its precise construction is uncertain.
What English term best identifies إنجار in this report?
بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ الذِّمَّةُ
The report’s use of dhimmah can refer to liability or a guarantee of protection; its exact scope is not specified.
What is the best contextual rendering of الذمة in these two clauses?