Sahih al-Bukhari
Military Expeditions led by the Prophet (pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi)
كتاب المغازى
Chapter 1
غَزْوَةِ الْعُشَيْرَةِ أَوِ الْعُسَيْرَةِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abdullah ibn Muhammad narrated to me: Wahb narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us. He said: I was sitting beside Zayd ibn Arqam when someone asked him, “How many military expeditions did the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) lead?” He said, “Nineteen.” He was asked, “How many did you accompany him on?” He said, “Seventeen.” I asked, “Which was the first of them?” He said, “Al-Usayra—or al-Usheir.” I mentioned this to Qatada, and he said, “Al-Usheir.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The report gives variant forms for the name of the first expedition, with Qatada preferring al-Usheir.
Chapter 2
ذِكْرُ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مَنْ يُقْتَلُ بِبَدْرٍ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ahmad ibn Uthman narrated to me: Shurayh ibn Maslama narrated to us: Ibrahim ibn Yusuf narrated to us, from his father, from Abu Ishaq, who said: Amr ibn Maymun narrated to me that he heard Abdullah ibn Masʿud (may Allah be pleased with him) recount Saʿd ibn Muʿadh as saying: “He was a friend of Umayya ibn Khalaf. When Umayya passed through Medina, he stayed with Saʿd; and when Saʿd passed through Mecca, he stayed with Umayya. After the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived in Medina, Saʿd set out to perform Umra and stayed with Umayya in Mecca. He said to Umayya, ‘Find me a time when it is quiet, so that I can circumambulate the House.’ “Umayya took him out near midday. Abu Jahl met them and said, ‘Abu Safwan, who is this man with you?’ He replied, ‘This is Saʿd.’ Abu Jahl said to him, ‘I see you circumambulating Mecca in safety, even though you have sheltered these converts and claim that you will support and help them. By Allah, if you were not with Abu Safwan, you would not return safely to your family.’ Saʿd raised his voice and said to him, ‘By Allah, if you prevent me from doing this, I will prevent you from doing something even more harmful to you: traveling the road to Medina.’ Umayya said to him, ‘Do not raise your voice at Abu al-Hakam, Saʿd; he is the chief of the valley’s people.’ Saʿd said, ‘Leave us alone, Umayya. By Allah, I heard the Messenger of Allah say, “They will kill you.”’ Umayya asked, ‘In Mecca?’ Saʿd said, ‘I do not know.’ Umayya was deeply alarmed. When he returned to his family, he said, ‘Umm Safwan, did you hear what Saʿd said to me?’ She asked, ‘What did he say?’ He said, ‘He claims that Muhammad told them that they will kill me. I asked him, “In Mecca?” and he said, “I do not know.”’ Umayya said, ‘By Allah, I will not leave Mecca.’ “When the day of Badr came, Abu Jahl rallied the people, saying, ‘Go and protect your caravan.’ Umayya was reluctant to go, so Abu Jahl came to him and said, ‘Abu Safwan, if people see you staying behind, when you are the chief of the valley’s people, they will stay behind with you.’ Abu Jahl kept pressing him until Umayya said, ‘Since you have overcome me, by Allah, I will buy the finest camel in Mecca.’ Then Umayya said, ‘Umm Safwan, prepare me.’ She said, ‘Abu Safwan, have you forgotten what your Yathribi brother told you?’ He said, ‘No, but I do not intend to go far with them.’ When Umayya set out, he made sure to tether his camel at every stopping place. He continued doing so until Allah, Mighty and Majestic, killed him at Badr.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The report recounts the friendship between Saʿd ibn Muʿadh and the Qurayshi leader Umayya ibn Khalaf, and the warning that later came true at Badr. Suba is a hostile term for the Muslims who had left their former religion. “Go and protect your caravan” reflects the call to set out against the Muslim force threatening the Quraysh caravan.
Chapter 3
قِصَّةُ غَزْوَةِ بَدْرٍ
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Yahya ibn Bukayr narrated to me: al-Layth narrated to us, from Uqayl, from Ibn Shihab, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abdullah ibn Kaʿb, that Abdullah ibn Kaʿb said: I heard Kaʿb ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) say: “I never stayed behind from an expedition on which the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went, except the expedition of Tabuk. I had also stayed behind from the expedition of Badr, but no one who stayed behind from it was reproached, for the Messenger of Allah had set out intending to intercept the Quraysh caravan, until Allah brought him and his enemy together unexpectedly.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source distinguishes Kaʿb staying behind at Tabuk from his absence at Badr, where the expedition began as an attempt to intercept a caravan.
Chapter 4
قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى {إِذْ تَسْتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمْ فَاسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ أَنِّي مُمِدُّكُمْ بِأَلْفٍ مِنْ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مُرْدِفِينَ وَمَا جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ إِلاَّ بُشْرَى وَلِتَطْمَئِنَّ بِهِ قُلُوبُكُمْ وَمَا النَّصْرُ إِلاَّ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ إِذْ يُغَشِّيكُمُ النُّعَاسَ أَمَنَةً مِنْهُ وَيُنَزِّلُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْ بِهِ وَيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمْ رِجْزَ الشَّيْطَانِ وَلِيَرْبِطَ عَلَى قُلُوبِكُمْ وَيُثَبِّتَ بِهِ الأَقْدَامَ إِذْ يُوحِي رَبُّكَ إِلَى الْمَلاَئِكَةِ أَنِّي مَعَكُمْ فَثَبِّتُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا سَأُلْقِي فِي قُلُوبِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الرُّعْبَ فَاضْرِبُوا فَوْقَ الأَعْنَاقِ وَاضْرِبُوا مِنْهُمْ كُلَّ بَنَانٍ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَاقُّوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَمَنْ يُشَاقِقِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ}
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Nuaym narrated to us: Israil narrated to us, from Mukharik, from Tariq ibn Shihab, who said: I heard Ibn Masʿud say: “I witnessed a scene involving al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad. I would rather have been his companion in it than possess anything of equal value. He came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was praying against the polytheists, and said, ‘We will not say to you what the people of Moses said: “Go, you and your Lord, and fight.” Rather, we will fight at your right and your left, before you and behind you.’ I saw the Prophet’s face shine, and I saw how pleased he was.” That is, he was pleased by what al-Miqdad said.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The opening expression is an idiom of valuing the witnessed scene above any equivalent possession. The quotation echoes the words of the people of Moses in Quran 5:24.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Hawshab narrated to me: Abd al-Wahhab narrated to us: Khalid narrated to us, from Ikrima, from Ibn Abbas, who said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said on the day of Badr: “O Allah, I implore You by Your covenant and Your promise. O Allah, if You will, You will no longer be worshipped.” Abu Bakr took him by the hand and said, “That is enough for you.” He went out saying, “The multitude will be defeated, and they will turn their backs.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The final quotation is Quran 54:45. The Prophet’s supplication expresses the danger to the Muslim community at Badr, recalling that if they were destroyed, worshippers would be gone.
Chapter 5
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ibrahim ibn Musa narrated to me: Hisham informed us that Ibn Jurayj informed them. He said: Abd al-Karim informed me that he heard Miqsam, the client of Abdullah ibn al-Harith, relate from Ibn Abbas that he heard him recite: “Those believers who stay behind are not equal”—meaning those who stayed behind from Badr and those who set out for Badr.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The quoted words are the beginning of Quran 4:95; Ibn Abbas applies them here to those absent from Badr versus those who went.
Chapter 6
عِدَّةِ أَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ
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Muslim narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Bara, who said: “I and Ibn Umar were considered too young.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source block contains only this fragment, without specifying the event for which the two were considered too young.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Mahmud narrated to me: Wahb narrated to us, from Shuʿba, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Bara, who said: “I and Ibn Umar were considered too young on the day of Badr. The Emigrants at Badr numbered a little over sixty, and the Ansar a little over two hundred and forty.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source uses approximate counts: slightly more than sixty Emigrants and slightly more than two hundred and forty Ansar.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Amr ibn Khalid narrated to us: Zuhayr narrated to us: Abu Ishaq narrated to us. He said: I heard al-Bara (may Allah be pleased with him) say: “Companions of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) who attended Badr told me that they were as numerous as the companions of Talut who crossed the river with him: a little over three hundred and ten.” Al-Bara said: “No, by Allah, none crossed the river with him except a believer.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The report compares the number at Badr to those who crossed the river with Talut; the approximate number is expressed as a little over 310.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abdullah ibn Raja narrated to us: Israil narrated to us, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Bara, who said: “We, the Companions of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), used to say that the number of those at Badr matched the number of Talut’s companions who crossed the river with him. None crossed with him except a believer, and they numbered a little over three hundred and ten.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
This is another report comparing the Badr participants with Talut companions, giving an approximate count.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abdullah ibn Abi Shayba narrated to me: Yahya narrated to us, from Sufyan, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Bara. Muhammad ibn Kathir also narrated to us: Sufyan informed us, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Bara (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: “We used to say that the companions at Badr numbered three hundred and thirteen, matching the number of Talut’s companions who crossed the river with him. None crossed with him except a believer.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
This variant gives the Badr count exactly as 313 and compares it to Talut companions.
Chapter 7
دُعَاءُ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَلَى كُفَّارِ قُرَيْشٍ شَيْبَةَ وَعُتْبَةَ وَالْوَلِيدِ وَأَبِي جَهْلِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ وَهَلَاكِهِمْ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Amr ibn Khalid narrated to me: Zuhayr narrated to us: Abu Ishaq narrated to us, from Amr ibn Maymun, from Abdullah ibn Masʿud (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: “The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) faced the Kaaba and prayed against a group of Quraysh: Shayba ibn Rabiʿa, Utba ibn Rabiʿa, al-Walid ibn Utba, and Abu Jahl ibn Hisham. By Allah, I saw them lying dead, their bodies altered by the sun, for it was a hot day.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The report identifies four Quraysh leaders and describes their bodies after the Battle of Badr.
Chapter 8
قَتْلِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ
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Ibn Numayr narrated to us: Abu Usama narrated to us: Ismail narrated to us: Qays informed us, from Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), that he came to Abu Jahl while he was breathing his last on the day of Badr. Abu Jahl said, “Is there any man more distinguished than one you have killed?”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The report fragment ends after Abu Jahl’s question. The comparative phrase aʿmadu is obscure in this compressed context; it is rendered literally as “more distinguished.”
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ahmad ibn Yunus narrated to us: Zuhayr narrated to us: Sulayman al-Taymi narrated to us that Anas told them: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Who will go and see what has become of Abu Jahl?” Ibn Masʿud set out and found that the two sons of Afra had struck him until he was nearly dead. He asked, “Are you Abu Jahl?” Then he took him by the beard. Abu Jahl said, “Can there be anyone greater than a man you have killed—or a man killed by his own people?” Ahmad ibn Yunus said: “Are you Abu Jahl?” Amr ibn Khalid narrated to me: Zuhayr narrated to us, from Sulayman al-Taymi, from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said the same.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The first sentence of the matn contains the Prophet’s request. The final phrase is rhetorically compressed and is rendered close to the Arabic; Ahmad ibn Yunus gives a wording variant for Ibn Masud’s question.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna narrated to me: Ibn Abi Adi narrated to us, from Sulayman al-Taymi, from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said on the day of Badr, “Who will go and see what has become of Abu Jahl?” Ibn Masʿud set out and found that the two sons of Afra had struck him until he was nearly dead. He took him by the beard and said, “Are you Abu Jahl?” He replied, “Can there be anyone greater than a man killed by his own people—or, he said, a man you have killed?”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
This is a variant of the preceding report. Abu Jahl’s final phrase is elliptical and the narrator explicitly gives two wordings; both are retained.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ibn al-Muthanna narrated to me: Muʿadh ibn Muʿadh informed us: Sulayman narrated to us: Anas ibn Malik informed us of a similar report.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source contains only an abbreviated chain note indicating a similar report.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ali ibn Abdullah said: “I copied this from Yusuf ibn al-Majishun, from Salih ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from his grandfather, concerning Badr”—meaning the report about the two sons of Afra.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source identifies this as the report concerning the two sons of Afra at Badr.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Raqashi narrated to me: Muʿtamir narrated to us. He said: I heard my father say: Abu Miljaz narrated to us, from Qays ibn Ubad, from Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: “I am the first who will kneel before the Most Merciful for a dispute on the Day of Resurrection.” Qays ibn Ubad said: “It was about them that the verse was revealed: ‘These are two adversaries who disputed about their Lord.’ They were those who faced one another in single combat on the day of Badr: Hamza, Ali, and Ubayda—or Abu Ubayda—ibn al-Harith; and Shayba ibn Rabiʿa, Utba, and al-Walid ibn Utba.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The verse is Quran 22:19. The report preserves uncertainty over whether the name is Ubayda or Abu Ubayda ibn al-Harith.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Qabisa narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, from Abu Hashim, from Abu Miljaz, from Qays ibn Ubad, from Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: “The verse ‘These are two adversaries who disputed about their Lord’ was revealed concerning six men from Quraysh: Ali, Hamza, and Ubayda ibn al-Harith; and Shayba ibn Rabiʿa, Utba ibn Rabiʿa, and al-Walid ibn Utba.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
This version identifies all six combatants and attributes the verse to the duel at Badr.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Sawwaf narrated to us: Yusuf ibn Yaʿqub narrated to us—he lived among Banu Dubayʿa and was a client of Banu Sadus: Sulayman al-Taymi narrated to us, from Abu Miljaz, from Qays ibn Ubad, who said: Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “This verse, ‘These are two adversaries who disputed about their Lord,’ was revealed about us.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
This concise report attributes the verse to Ali and those who fought at Badr with him.