Military Expeditions led by the Prophet (pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi)

Musa ibn Ismaʿil narrated to us: Ibrahim narrated to us: Ibn Shihab informed us: ʿUmar ibn Asid ibn Jariya al-Thaqafi, an ally of Banu Zuhra and one of Abu Hurayra’s companions, informed me, from Abu Hurayra (may God be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) sent ten scouts and appointed ʿAsim ibn Thabit al-Ansari over them. He was the grandfather of ʿAsim ibn ʿUmar ibn al-Khattab. When they reached al-Hada, between ʿUsfan and Mecca, news of them reached a clan of Hudhayl called Banu Lihyan. Nearly one hundred archers set out against them and followed their tracks until they found the dates they had eaten at a place where they had camped. They said, “These are the dates of Yathrib.” So they followed their tracks. When ʿAsim and his companions sensed them, they took refuge in a place, and the others surrounded them. They said, “Come down and surrender, and you have our pledge and covenant that we will kill none of you.” ʿAsim ibn Thabit said, “People, as for me, I will not come down under the protection of an unbeliever.” Then he said, “O God, inform Your Prophet about us.” They shot arrows at them and killed ʿAsim. Three men came down to them under the pledge and covenant, among them Khubayb, Zayd ibn al-Dathinna, and another man. Once they had them in their power, they loosened their bowstrings and tied the men with them. The third man said, “This is the first act of treachery. By God, I will not go with you. I have an example in these”—meaning those who had been killed. They dragged him and struggled with him, but he refused to accompany them, so they killed him. They took Khubayb and Zayd ibn al-Dathinna away and sold them after the battle of Badr. The sons of al-Harith ibn ʿAmir ibn Nawfal bought Khubayb, for Khubayb had killed al-Harith ibn ʿAmir on the day of Badr. Khubayb remained their captive until they agreed to kill him. He borrowed a razor from one of al-Harith’s daughters to shave with, and she lent it to him. Her little son crept over to him while she was unaware. She found him with the boy seated on his thigh and the razor in his hand. She said: I was badly frightened, and Khubayb recognized my fear. He said, “Are you afraid I will kill him? I would never do that.” She said: By God, I have never seen a captive better than Khubayb. By God, one day I found him with a bunch of grapes in his hand, eating, while he was shackled in iron, and there was no fruit in Mecca. She used to say, “It was provision that God provided for Khubayb.” When they took him out of the Sacred Precinct to kill him beyond it, Khubayb said to them, “Let me pray two units.” They let him, and he prayed two units. Then he said, “By God, were it not for your thinking that what I am doing is from fear, I would have prayed more.” Then he said, “O God, count them one by one, kill them separately, and leave none of them.” Then he began reciting: “I do not care, when I am killed as a Muslim, on which side my body falls for God. This is for the sake of the Divine, and, if He wills, He may bless the limbs of a torn body.” Then Abu Sirwaʿa ʿUqba ibn al-Harith rose and killed him. Khubayb was the one who established the practice of praying for every Muslim killed while bound for execution. On the day his companions were captured, he informed them of what had happened to them. When some Quraysh learned that ʿAsim ibn Thabit had been killed, they sent people to bring back some identifiable part of him, for he had killed one of their leading men. But God sent ʿAsim something like a canopy of wasps, which protected him from their envoys, and they could not cut anything from him. Kaʿb ibn Malik said: They also mentioned Murara ibn al-Rabiʿ al-ʿAmri and Hilal ibn Umayya al-Waqifi, two righteous men who had witnessed Badr.

Qutayba narrated to us: Layth narrated to us, from Yahya, from Nafiʿ, that Ibn ʿUmar (may God be pleased with them both) was told that Saʿid ibn Zayd ibn ʿAmr ibn Nufayl—who had been at Badr—fell ill on a Friday. After the day had advanced and Friday prayer was approaching, Ibn ʿUmar rode to visit him and missed the Friday prayer.

Al-Layth said: Yunus narrated to me, from Ibn Shihab, who said: ʿUbaydullah ibn ʿAbdullah ibn ʿUtba told me that his father had written to ʿUmar ibn ʿAbdullah ibn al-Arqam al-Zuhri, instructing him to visit Subayʿa bint al-Harith al-Aslamiyya and ask her about her account and what the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) had told her when she sought his ruling. ʿUmar ibn ʿAbdullah ibn al-Arqam wrote to ʿAbdullah ibn ʿUtba, informing him that Subayʿa bint al-Harith had told him that she had been married to Saʿd ibn Khawla, who was from Banu ʿAmir ibn Luʾayy and had been among those present at Badr. He died during the Farewell Pilgrimage while she was pregnant, and she soon gave birth after his death. When she had recovered from childbirth, she dressed herself up for suitors. Abu Sanabil ibn Baʿkak, a man from Banu ʿAbd al-Dar, came to her and said, “Why do I see you dressing up for suitors, hoping to marry? By God, you cannot marry until four months and ten days have passed.” Subayʿa said: When he told me that, as evening came I gathered my clothes about me and went to the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him). I asked him about it, and he ruled that I was free to marry as soon as I had delivered my child, and told me to marry if I wished. Asbagh also related it from Ibn Wahb, from Yunus. Al-Layth said: Yunus narrated to me, from Ibn Shihab. We asked him, and he said: Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Rahman ibn Thawban, a client of Banu ʿAmir ibn Luʾayy, informed me that Muhammad ibn Iyas ibn al-Bukayr—whose father had been present at Badr—informed him.

Ishaq ibn Ibrahim narrated to me: Jarir informed us, from Yahya ibn Saʿid, from Muʿadh ibn Rifaʿa ibn Rafiʿ al-Zuraqi, from his father—who had been among the people of Badr—who said: Gabriel came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said, “How do you regard the people of Badr among you?” He replied, “Among the best of the Muslims,” or words to that effect. Gabriel said, “And likewise are the angels who witnessed Badr.”

Sulayman ibn Harb narrated to us: Hammad narrated to us, from Yahya, from Muʿadh ibn Rifaʿa ibn Rafiʿ. Rifaʿa had been among the people of Badr, and Rafiʿ had been among the people of al-ʿAqaba. Rafiʿ used to say to his son, “It would not please me to have witnessed Badr in place of al-ʿAqaba.” He said: Gabriel asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about this, in the same way.

Ishaq ibn Mansur informed us: Yazid informed us: Yahya informed us: He heard Muʿadh ibn Rifaʿa say that an angel questioned the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Yahya also related that Yazid ibn al-Had informed him that he had been with Muʿadh on the day Muʿadh told him this hadith. Yazid said: Muʿadh said, “The questioner was Gabriel, peace be upon him.”

Ibrahim ibn Musa narrated to me: ʿAbd al-Wahhab informed us: Khalid narrated to us, from ʿIkrima, from Ibn ʿAbbas (may God be pleased with them both), that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said on the day of Badr, “This is Gabriel, holding the head of his horse, equipped for battle.”

Khalifa narrated to me: Muhammad ibn ʿAbdullah al-Ansari narrated to us: Saʿid narrated to us, from Qatada, from Anas (may God be pleased with him), who said: Abu Zayd died leaving no descendants. He had been among those present at Badr.

ʿAbdullah ibn Yusuf narrated to us: Al-Layth narrated to us: He said: Yahya ibn Saʿid narrated to me, from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, from Ibn Khabbab, that Abu Saʿid ibn Malik al-Khudri (may God be pleased with him) returned from a journey. His family served him some of the sacrificial meat, but he said, “I will not eat it until I ask.” He went to his maternal half-brother, Qatada ibn al-Nuʿman, who had been at Badr, and asked him. Qatada said, “Something happened after you left that abrogated the prohibition they had been given against eating sacrificial meat after three days.”

ʿUbayd ibn Ismaʿil narrated to me: Abu Usama narrated to us, from Hisham ibn ʿUrwa, from his father, who said: Al-Zubayr said: On the day of Badr I encountered ʿUbayda ibn Saʿid ibn al-ʿAs, who was completely armored so that only his eyes could be seen. He was known by the kunya Abu Dhat al-Karish. He said, “I am Abu Dhat al-Karish.” I charged him with a short spear and stabbed him in the eye, and he died. Hisham said: I was told that al-Zubayr said, “I put my foot on him and then stretched myself up. It was a struggle to pull the spear out, and both its ends had bent.” ʿUrwa said: The Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) asked him for it, and he gave it to him. When the Messenger of God died, al-Zubayr took it back. Abu Bakr then asked him for it, and he gave it to him. When Abu Bakr died, ʿUmar asked him for it, and he gave it to him. When ʿUmar died, al-Zubayr took it back. ʿUthman then asked him for it, and he gave it to him. When ʿUthman was killed, it came into the possession of the family of ʿAli. ʿAbdullah ibn al-Zubayr asked for it, and it remained with him until he was killed.

Abu al-Yaman narrated to us: Shuʿayb informed us, from al-Zuhri, who said: Abu Idris ʿAʾidhullah ibn ʿAbdullah informed me that ʿUbada ibn al-Samit, who had been present at Badr, related that the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Pledge allegiance to me.”

Yahya ibn Bukayr narrated to us: Al-Layth narrated to us, from ʿUqayl, from Ibn Shihab, who said: ʿUrwa ibn al-Zubayr informed me, from ʿAʾisha (may God be pleased with her), the wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), that Abu Hudhayfa, who had been among those present with the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) at Badr, adopted Salim and married him to his niece Hind bint al-Walid ibn ʿUtba. Salim was a client of an Ansari woman. The Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) had likewise adopted Zayd. In pre-Islamic times, when a man adopted someone, people would attribute him to the adopter, and he would inherit from him, until God Most High revealed, “Call them by their fathers’ names.” Then Sahla came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and mentioned the hadith.

ʿAli narrated to us: Bishr ibn al-Mufaddal narrated to us: Khalid ibn Dhakwan narrated to us, from al-Rubayyiʿ bint Muʿawwidh, who said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to me on the morning after my marriage was consummated. He sat on my bedding as you are sitting with me now. Some young girls were beating the tambourine and singing elegies for their fathers who had been killed on the day of Badr, until one girl said, “Among us is a Prophet who knows what will happen tomorrow.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Do not say that. Say what you were saying before.”

Ibrahim ibn Musa informed us: Hisham informed us, from Maʿmar, from al-Zuhri. Ismaʿil narrated to us: He said: My brother narrated to me, from Sulayman, from Muhammad ibn Abi ʿAtiq, from Ibn Shihab, from ʿUbaydullah ibn ʿAbdullah ibn ʿUtba ibn Masʿud, that Ibn ʿAbbas (may God be pleased with them both) said: Abu Talha (may God be pleased with him), a Companion of the Messenger of God who had been with him at Badr, informed me that he said, “The angels do not enter a house in which there is a dog or an image”—meaning statues depicting living beings.

ʿAbdan narrated to us: ʿAbdullah informed us: Yunus informed us. Ahmad ibn Salih narrated to us: ʿAnbasa narrated to us: Yunus narrated to us, from al-Zuhri. ʿAli ibn Husayn informed us that Husayn ibn ʿAli (peace be upon them) told him that ʿAli said: I had an aged she-camel from my share of the spoils on the day of Badr, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had also given me some of what God had granted him from the one-fifth that day. When I was preparing to consummate my marriage to Fatima (peace be upon her), the daughter of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), I made an arrangement with a goldsmith from Banu Qaynuqaʿ to travel with me so that we could gather idhkhir grass. I intended to sell it to the goldsmiths and use the proceeds to help pay for my wedding feast. As I was gathering camel saddles, sacks, and ropes for my two she-camels, which were kneeling beside the room of a man from the Ansar, I had just gathered what I needed when I found that the humps of my two she-camels had been cut off, their flanks slit open, and some of their livers taken. When I saw that, I could not hold back my tears. I asked, “Who did this?” They said, “Hamza ibn ʿAbd al-Muttalib did it. He is in that house, drinking with some of the Ansar. There is a singing girl with him and his companions. In her song she said, ‘Come, Hamza, to the fat old she-camels!’” Hamza leapt up, took his sword, cut off their humps, slit open their flanks, and took some of their livers. ʿAli said: I went to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who had Zayd ibn Haritha with him. The Prophet recognized what had happened to me and said, “What is wrong?” I said, “Messenger of God, I have never seen anything like today! Hamza attacked my two she-camels, cut off their humps, slit their flanks, and now he is in a house with a group drinking.” The Prophet called for his cloak, put it on, and walked out. Zayd ibn Haritha and I followed him until he came to the house where Hamza was. He asked permission to enter, and permission was granted. The Prophet began to rebuke Hamza for what he had done. Hamza was intoxicated, his eyes red. Hamza looked at the Prophet, then raised his gaze and looked at his knee; then he raised his gaze again, looked at his face, and said, “Are you anything but slaves of my father?” The Prophet realized that Hamza was intoxicated, so the Messenger of God stepped backward on his heels and left, and we left with him.

Muhammad ibn ʿAbbad narrated to me: Ibn ʿUyayna informed us: He said: Ibn al-Asbahani transmitted it to us, having heard it from Ibn Maʿqil, that ʿAli (may God be pleased with him) pronounced the funeral takbir over Sahl ibn Hunayf and said, “He was present at Badr.”

Abu al-Yaman narrated to us: Shuʿayb informed us, from al-Zuhri, who said: Salim ibn ʿAbdullah informed me that he heard ʿAbdullah ibn ʿUmar (may God be pleased with them both) relate that, when ʿUmar ibn al-Khattab’s daughter Hafsa was widowed after her husband Khunays ibn Hudhafa al-Sahmi—one of the Companions of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) who had been at Badr—died in Medina, ʿUmar said: I met ʿUthman ibn ʿAffan and offered him Hafsa. I said, “If you wish, I will marry you to ʿUmar’s daughter Hafsa.” He said, “I will consider the matter.” Some nights passed, then he said, “I have decided not to marry at this time.” ʿUmar said: I then met Abu Bakr and said, “If you wish, I will marry you to ʿUmar’s daughter Hafsa.” Abu Bakr remained silent and gave me no answer. I was more upset with him than I had been with ʿUthman. Some nights passed, then the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) proposed to her, and I married her to him. Abu Bakr later met me and said, “Perhaps you were upset with me when you offered me Hafsa and I did not answer you.” I said, “Yes.” He said, “The only reason I did not answer your offer was that I knew the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) had mentioned her. I could not disclose the Messenger of God’s secret. Had he left her, I would have accepted her.”

Muslim narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us, from ʿAdi, from ʿAbdullah ibn Yazid, who heard Abu Masʿud al-Badri, from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said, “A man’s spending on his family is charity.”

Abu al-Yaman narrated to us: Shuʿayb informed us, from al-Zuhri: I heard ʿUrwa ibn al-Zubayr relate to ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAziz, during his rule, that al-Mughira ibn Shuʿba delayed the afternoon prayer while he was governor of Kufa. Abu Masʿud ʿUqba ibn ʿAmr al-Ansari, the grandfather of Zayd ibn Hasan and one who had been present at Badr, came in and said, “You surely know that Gabriel came down and prayed, and the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed the five prayers. Then he said, ‘This is how you have been commanded.’” Bashir ibn Abi Masʿud used to relate the same from his father.

Musa narrated to us: Abu ʿAwana narrated to us, from al-Aʿmash, from Ibrahim, from ʿAbd al-Rahman ibn Yazid, from ʿAlqama, from Abu Masʿud al-Badri (may God be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “The two verses at the end of Surat al-Baqara: whoever recites them during a night, they will suffice him.” ʿAbd al-Rahman said: I met Abu Masʿud while he was circumambulating the House, asked him about it, and he related it to me.