Sales and Trade

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Amr ibn Muhammad narrated to us: Hushaim narrated to us: al-Awwam informed us, from Ibrahim ibn Abd al-Rahman, from Abd Allah ibn Abi Awfa, may Allah be pleased with him: A man displayed merchandise in the market and swore by Allah that he had been offered a certain amount for it, although he had not been offered that amount, in order to entice a Muslim man to buy it. Then this verse was revealed: “Those who sell the covenant of Allah and their oaths for a small price…”

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Abdan narrated to us: Abd Allah informed us: Yunus informed us, from Ibn Shihab, who said: Ali ibn Husayn told me that Husayn ibn Ali, may Allah be pleased with them both, informed him that Ali, peace be upon him, said: “I had an old she-camel as my share of the spoils, and the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, had given me another she-camel from the one-fifth share. When I was preparing to marry Fatima, daughter of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, I arranged with a goldsmith from Banu Qaynuqa that he would travel with me so we could bring back idhkhir grass. I intended to sell it to the goldsmiths and use its proceeds for my wedding feast.”

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Ishaq narrated to us: Khalid ibn Abd Allah narrated to us, from Khalid, from Ikrima, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah made Mecca a sanctuary. It was not permitted to anyone before me, nor will it be permitted to anyone after me. It was made permissible to me for only an hour of a day. Its vegetation must not be cut, its trees must not be felled, its game must not be disturbed, and its lost property must not be picked up except by someone who will announce it.” Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib said, “Except idhkhir grass, for our goldsmiths and for the roofs of our houses.” He said, “Except idhkhir.” Ikrima said, “Do you know what it means to disturb its game? It means to move it from the shade and take its place.” Abd al-Wahhab reported from Khalid: “For our goldsmiths and our graves.”

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Muhammad ibn Bashshar narrated to us: Ibn Abi Adi narrated to us, from Shuaba, from Sulayman, from Abu al-Duha, from Masruq, from Khabbab, who said: “I was a metalworker in the pre-Islamic era, and al-As ibn Wail owed me a debt. I went to him to collect it. He said, "I will not pay you until you disbelieve in Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him." I said, "I will not disbelieve until Allah causes you to die and then raises you." He said, "Leave me until I die and am raised; then I will be given wealth and children, and I will repay you." Then these verses were revealed: "Have you seen the one who disbelieved in Our signs and said, I will surely be given wealth and children? Has he seen the unseen, or has he taken a covenant with the Most Merciful?"”

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Abdullah ibn Yusuf narrated to us: Malik informed us, from Ishaq ibn Abd Allah ibn Abi Talha, who heard Anas ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, say: “A tailor invited the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, to a meal he had prepared.” Anas ibn Malik said: “I went with the Messenger of Allah to that meal. Bread and broth containing gourd and dried meat were brought before him. I saw the Prophet picking out the gourd from around the edges of the bowl.” Anas said: “From that day on, I have continued to love gourd.”

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Yahya ibn Bukayr narrated to us: Yaqub ibn Abd al-Rahman narrated to us, from Abu Hazim, who said: I heard Sahl ibn Sad, may Allah be pleased with him, say: “A woman brought a burda.” He said, “Do you know what a burda is?” It was said to him, “Yes; it is a wrap, woven with a border.” He said: She said, “O Messenger of Allah, I wove this with my own hands so that you might wear it.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, took it, for he needed it. He came out to us wearing it as a waist wrap. A man from among the people said, “O Messenger of Allah, clothe me with it.” He said, “Yes.” The Prophet sat with the people, then went back, folded it, and sent it to the man. The people said to him, “You did not do well. You asked him for it even though you knew he never turns away anyone who asks.” The man said, “By Allah, I asked him for it only so that it might be my shroud on the day I die.” Sahl said: It became his shroud.

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Qutayba ibn Said narrated to us: Abd al-Aziz narrated to us, from Abu Hazim, who said: Men came to Sahl ibn Sad asking him about the pulpit. He said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, sent word to a certain woman—a woman whose name Sahl mentioned—saying, “Tell your young carpenter to make some wooden pieces for me to sit on when I address the people.” She instructed him to make them from tamarisk wood from al-Ghaba. He brought them to her, and she sent them to the Messenger of Allah. He ordered them to be set in place, and he sat on them.

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Khallad ibn Yahya narrated to us: Abd al-Wahid ibn Ayman narrated to us, from his father, from Jabir ibn Abd Allah, may Allah be pleased with them both: A woman from the Ansar said to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, “O Messenger of Allah, shall I make something for you to sit on? I have a young servant who is a carpenter.” He said, “If you wish.” She had a pulpit made for him. When Friday came, the Prophet sat on the pulpit that had been made. The palm trunk beside which he used to preach cried out until it nearly split. The Prophet came down, took it, and embraced it. It began moaning like a child being soothed until it settled. He said, “It wept for what it used to hear of the remembrance.”

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Yusuf ibn Isa narrated to us: Abu Muawiya narrated to us: al-Amash narrated to us, from Ibrahim, from al-Aswad, from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, bought food from a Jewish man on deferred payment and pledged his coat of mail to him.

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Muhammad ibn Bashshar narrated to us: Abd al-Wahhab narrated to us: Ubayd Allah narrated to us, from Wahb ibn Kaysan, from Jabir ibn Abd Allah, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: “I was with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, on an expedition. My camel lagged behind and grew exhausted. The Prophet came up to me and said: Jabir? I said: Yes. He asked: What is the matter with you? I said: My camel has slowed down and grown tired, so I have fallen behind. He dismounted and prodded it with his crooked staff, then said: Ride. I mounted it, and I had to hold it back from outpacing the Messenger of Allah. He said: Have you married? I said: Yes. He asked: A virgin or a previously married woman? I said: A previously married woman. He said: Why not a young woman, so that you could play with her and she with you? I said: I have younger sisters, and I wanted to marry a woman who would gather them together, comb their hair, and care for them. He said: You are about to arrive. When you arrive, be prudent—be prudent. Then he said: Will you sell me your camel? I said: Yes. He bought it from me for one uqiyya. The Messenger of Allah arrived before me, and I arrived in the morning. We came to the mosque, and I found him at its door. He said: Have you only just arrived? I said: Yes. He said: Leave your camel and come in and pray two units. I went in and prayed. He instructed Bilal to weigh out an uqiyya for him. Bilal weighed it for me and gave a little extra. I went away and had turned to leave when he said: Call Jabir for me. I thought: Now he will take the camel back, and there was nothing I disliked more than it. He said: Take your camel, and its price is yours.”

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Ali ibn Abd Allah narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, from Amr ibn Dinar, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: “Ukaz, Majanna, and Dhu al-Majaz were marketplaces in the pre-Islamic era. When Islam came, people considered trading there sinful, so Allah revealed the words There is no blame upon you, during the seasons of pilgrimage. Ibn Abbas recited it in this way.”

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Ali narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, saying: Amr said: “There was a man here named Nawwas who had camels afflicted with unquenchable thirst. Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, went and bought those camels from a partner of his. His partner came to him and said that they had sold those camels. He asked to whom he had sold them. The partner said, to a certain old man. He said, woe to you, by Allah that was Ibn Umar. Nawwas went to Ibn Umar and said that his partner had sold him camels afflicted with unquenchable thirst without recognizing him. Ibn Umar said, take them back. When Nawwas went to drive them away, Ibn Umar said, leave them. We are content with the judgment of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him: there is no contagion.” Sufyan heard this from Amr.

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Abd Allah ibn Maslama narrated to us, from Malik, from Yahya ibn Saeed, from Ibn Aflah, from Abu Muhammad, the freedman of Abu Qatada, from Abu Qatada, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: “We went out with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, in the year of Hunayn. He gave him”—that is, a coat of mail—“and I sold the coat of mail and bought with it an orchard in the territory of Banu Salima. It was the first property I established for myself in Islam.”

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Musa ibn Ismail told me: Abd al-Wahid narrated to us: Abu Burda ibn Abd Allah narrated to us, saying: I heard Abu Burda ibn Abi Musa narrate from his father, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The example of a good companion and a bad companion is like that of the musk seller and the blacksmith bellows. You will not come away empty-handed from the musk seller: either you buy some or you enjoy its fragrance. The blacksmith bellows will burn your body or your clothes, or you will find an unpleasant smell from it.”

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Abdullah ibn Yusuf informed us: Malik informed us, from Humayd, from Anas ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: Abu Tayba cupped the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. The Prophet ordered that he be given a sa of dates, and instructed his household to reduce his kharaj.

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Musaddad narrated to us: Khalid—meaning Ibn Abd Allah—narrated to us: Khalid narrated to us, from Ikrima, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: “The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was cupped and paid the person who cupped him. Had it been forbidden, he would not have paid him.”

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Adam narrated to us: Shuaba narrated to us: Abu Bakr ibn Hafs narrated to us, from Salim ibn Abd Allah ibn Umar, from his father, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, sent Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, a silk garment—or a striped brocade garment. He saw him wearing it and said, “I did not send it to you so that you would wear it. Only one who has no share wears it. I sent it to you so that you could benefit from it.” That is, sell it.

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Abdullah ibn Yusuf informed us: Malik informed us, from Nafi, from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, from Aisha, Mother of the Believers, may Allah be pleased with her, who told him: “I bought a cushion bearing images. When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, saw it, he stood at the doorway and did not enter. I recognized disapproval on his face, so I said that I turned in repentance to Allah and His Messenger and asked what I had done wrong. The Messenger of Allah asked what was the matter with the cushion. I said that I bought it for him to sit on and use as a pillow. The Messenger of Allah said that those responsible for these images would be punished on the Day of Resurrection and told that they should give life to what they had created. He also said that the angels do not enter a house in which there are images.”

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Musa ibn Ismail narrated to us: Abd al-Warith narrated to us, from Abu al-Tayyah, from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “O Banu Najjar, agree with me on a price for your walled garden.” It contained ruins and date palms.

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Sadaqa narrated to us: Abd al-Wahhab informed us, saying: I heard Yahya, who said: I heard Nafi, from Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: “The buyer and seller have the option in their sale as long as they have not separated, or unless the sale is made with an option.” Nafi said: Whenever Ibn Umar bought something that pleased him, he would part from the seller.