Sales and Trade

Hafs ibn Umar narrated to us: Hammam narrated to us, from Qatada, from Abu al-Khalil, from Abd Allah ibn al-Harith, from Hakim ibn Hizam, may Allah be pleased with him, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: “The buyer and seller have the option as long as they have not separated.” Ahmad added: Bahz narrated to us, saying: Hammam said that he mentioned this to Abu al-Tayyah, who replied that he had been with Abu al-Khalil when Abd Allah ibn al-Harith narrated this hadith to him.

Abu al-Numan narrated to us: Hammad ibn Zayd narrated to us: Ayyub narrated to us, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The buyer and seller have the option as long as they have not separated, or until one of them tells the other to choose.” The narrator added: “Or perhaps he said that it is a sale with an option.”

Ishaq told me: Habban informed us: Shuaba narrated to us, saying: Qatada informed me—from Salih Abu al-Khalil, from Abd Allah ibn al-Harith, who said: I heard Hakim ibn Hizam, may Allah be pleased with him, narrate from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: “The buyer and seller have the option as long as they have not separated. If they are truthful and make things clear, their sale will be blessed for them; but if they lie and conceal, the blessing of their sale will be erased.”

Abdullah ibn Yusuf informed us: Malik informed us, from Nafi, from Abdullah ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The two parties to a sale each have an option against the other as long as they have not separated, except in a sale with an option.”

Qutayba narrated to us: al-Layth narrated to us, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: “When two people make a sale, each of them has the option as long as they remain together. Or, if one gives the other the choice and they conclude the sale on that basis, the sale becomes binding. If they separate after making the sale and neither of them has rescinded it, the sale becomes binding.”

Muhammad ibn Yusuf narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, from Abd Allah ibn Dinar, from Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: “A sale between two parties is not binding until they separate, except for a sale with an option.”

Ishaq told me: Habban narrated to us: Hammam narrated to us: Qatada narrated to us, from Abu al-Khalil, from Abd Allah ibn al-Harith, from Hakim ibn Hizam, may Allah be pleased with him: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The buyer and seller have the option as long as they have not separated.” Hammam said: “I found in my book the wording: He chooses three times.” “If they are truthful and make matters clear, their sale will be blessed for them. If they lie and conceal, they may make a profit, but the blessing of their sale will be erased.” He also said: Hammam narrated to us: Abu al-Tayyah narrated to us that he heard Abd Allah ibn al-Harith narrate this hadith from Hakim ibn Hizam, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him.

Al-Humaydi also said: Sufyan narrated to us: Amr narrated to us, from Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: “We were with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, on a journey. I was riding a difficult young camel belonging to Umar. It would overpower me and go ahead of the group, so Umar would scold it and bring it back. Then it would go ahead again, and Umar would scold it and bring it back. The Prophet told Umar to sell it to him. Umar said that it was his, O Messenger of Allah. The Prophet again told him to sell it. So Umar sold it to the Messenger of Allah. The Prophet then said to me, Abdullah ibn Umar, it is yours. Do with it as you wish.”

Abu Abd Allah said: Al-Layth said: Abd al-Rahman ibn Khalid told me, from Ibn Shihab, from Salim ibn Abd Allah, from Abd Allah ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: “I sold property of mine in al-Wadi in exchange for property belonging to the Commander of the Faithful, Uthman, in Khaybar. When we had made the sale, I turned on my heel and hurried out of his house, fearing that he might rescind the sale. The established practice was that the two parties to a sale had the option until they separated. Abd Allah said: Once the sale between us had become binding, I realized that I had put him at a disadvantage: I had led him to the land of Thamud, a journey of three nights, while he had led me to Medina, also a journey of three nights.”

Abdullah ibn Yusuf informed us: Malik informed us, from Abdullah ibn Dinar, from Abdullah ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both: A man told the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, that he was being deceived in sales. He said, “When you make a sale, say: No deception.”

Muhammad ibn al-Sabbah narrated to us: Ismail ibn Zakariyya narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Suqa, from Nafi ibn Jubayr ibn Mutim, who said: Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, told me that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “An army will march against the Kaaba. When they are in a barren tract of land, its first and last members will be swallowed up.” She said: I asked, “O Messenger of Allah, how will its first and last members be swallowed up when there are among them their traders and people who are not part of them?” He said, “Its first and last members will be swallowed up, then they will be resurrected according to their intentions.”

Qutayba narrated to us: Jarir narrated to us, from al-Amash, from Abu Salih, from Abu Huraira, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The prayer of one of you in congregation exceeds his prayer in his marketplace or his home by twenty-odd degrees. This is because when he performs ablution and does it well, then comes to the mosque intending nothing but prayer, and nothing impels him except prayer, every step he takes raises him a degree or removes a sin from him. The angels invoke blessings upon one of you for as long as he remains in his place of prayer. They say: O Allah, bless him; O Allah, have mercy on him—as long as he does not invalidate his ablution there or cause disturbance. One of you is in prayer for as long as the prayer holds him there.”

Adam ibn Abi Iyas narrated to us: Shuba narrated to us, from Humayd al-Tawil, from Anas ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Prophet was in the market when a man called out, “O Abu al-Qasim.” The Prophet turned toward him. The man said, “I meant this other person.” The Prophet said, “Name yourselves with my name, but do not use my kunya.”

Malik ibn Ismail narrated to us: Zuhayr narrated to us, from Humayd, from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him: A man at al-Baqi called out, “O Abu al-Qasim.” The Prophet turned toward him, and the man said, “I did not mean you.” The Prophet said, “Name yourselves with my name, but do not use my kunya.”

Ali ibn Abdullah narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, from Ubayd Allah ibn Abi Yazid, from Nafi ibn Jubayr ibn Mutim, from Abu Hurayra al-Dawsi, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Prophet went out during part of the day. He did not speak to me, nor did I speak to him, until he came to the market of Banu Qaynuqa. He sat in the courtyard of Fatima house and called, “Is the little one there? Is the little one there?” She kept him waiting for a while, so I thought she was dressing him in a necklace or bathing him. Then he came running, and the Prophet embraced and kissed him, saying, “O Allah, love him, and love whoever loves him.” Sufyan said: Ubayd Allah told me that he saw Nafi ibn Jubayr perform witr with one rakah.

Ibrahim ibn al-Mundhir narrated to us: Abu Damra narrated to us: Musa narrated to us, from Nafi, who said: Ibn Umar told us that they used to buy food from the caravans in the time of the Prophet. He would send someone to prevent them from selling it at the place where they had bought it, until they transported it to the place where food was sold. He also said: Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, narrated to us that the Prophet forbade selling food after buying it until one had taken full possession of it.

Muhammad ibn Sinan narrated to us: Fulayh narrated to us: Hilal narrated to us, from Ata ibn Yasar, who said: I met Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As, may Allah be pleased with them both, and said, “Tell me about the description of the Messenger of Allah in the Torah.” He replied, “Yes, by Allah, he is described in the Torah with some of the qualities given in the Quran: O Prophet, We have sent you as a witness, a bearer of glad tidings, and a warner, and as a protection for the unlettered. You are My servant and Messenger; I have named you al-Mutawakkil. You are neither harsh nor hard-hearted, nor one who shouts in the markets. You do not repay evil with evil; rather, you pardon and forgive. Allah will not take him until, through him, He has set the crooked community aright by their saying, There is no god but Allah. Through it He will open blind eyes, deaf ears, and covered hearts.”

Abdullah ibn Yusuf narrated to us: Malik informed us, from Nafi, from Abdullah ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, that the Messenger of Allah said: “Whoever buys food must not sell it until he has taken full possession of it.”

Abdan narrated to us: Jarir informed us, from Mughira, from al-Shabi, from Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Haram died owing a debt. I asked the Prophet to help me with his creditors and ask them to remit part of the debt. The Prophet asked them, but they refused. He said to me, “Go and sort your dates into separate kinds: the Ajwa in one group and the Zayd cluster in another. Then send for me.” I did so and sent for the Prophet. He sat at the top of the piles, or in their middle, and said, “Measure out for the people.” I measured for them until I had paid them what they were owed, and my dates remained as though none had been taken from them.

Ibrahim ibn Musa narrated to us: al-Walid narrated to us, from Thawr, from Khalid ibn Madan, from al-Miqdam ibn Madi Karib, may Allah be pleased with him, from the Prophet, who said: “Measure your food, and you will be blessed.”