Sales and Trade

Ibrahim ibn Musa narrated to us: al-Walid narrated to us, from Thawr, from Khalid ibn Madan, from al-Miqdam ibn Madi Karib, may Allah be pleased with him, from the Prophet, who said: “Measure your food, and you will be blessed.”

Musa narrated to us: Wuhayb narrated to us: Amr ibn Yahya narrated to us, from Abbad ibn Tamim al-Ansari, from Abdullah ibn Zayd, may Allah be pleased with him, from the Prophet: “Abraham made Mecca a sanctuary and prayed for blessing for it. I have made Medina a sanctuary, just as Abraham made Mecca a sanctuary, and I have prayed for blessing in its mudd and sa, just as Abraham prayed for Mecca.”

Abdullah ibn Maslama narrated to me, from Malik, from Ishaq ibn Abdullah ibn Abi Talha, from Anas ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah said: “O Allah, bless their measures, and bless their sa and mudd.” The reference is to the people of Medina.

Ishaq ibn Ibrahim narrated to us: al-Walid ibn Muslim informed us, from al-Awzai, from al-Zuhri, from Salim, from his father, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: I saw those who bought food in bulk, without measuring it, being beaten in the time of the Messenger of Allah for selling it before they had brought it to their homes.

Musa ibn Ismail narrated to us: Wuhayb narrated to us, from Ibn Tawus, from his father, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, that the Messenger of Allah forbade a man to sell food until he had taken full possession of it. I asked Ibn Abbas, “How so?” He replied, “That would be dirhams for dirhams, while the food is deferred.” Abu Abdullah said: “Murjaun means deferred.”

Abu al-Walid narrated to me: Shuba narrated to us: Abdullah ibn Dinar narrated to us; he said: I heard Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, say that the Prophet said: “Whoever buys food must not sell it until he takes possession of it.”

Ali narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us. Amr ibn Dinar used to narrate to him from al-Zuhri, from Malik ibn Aws, that Malik said, “Who has some change?” Talha said, “I will, once our treasurer comes from al-Ghaba.” Sufyan said: This is what we memorized from al-Zuhri, without any addition. He then said: Malik ibn Aws told me that he heard Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, report from the Messenger of Allah: “Gold for gold is usury unless it is hand to hand; wheat for wheat is usury unless it is hand to hand; dates for dates is usury unless it is hand to hand; and barley for barley is usury unless it is hand to hand.”

Ali ibn Abdullah narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us. He said: What we memorized from Amr ibn Dinar is that he heard Tawus say: I heard Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, say: “What the Prophet forbade was selling food before it has been taken into possession.” Ibn Abbas said: “I think everything else is like that.”

Abdullah ibn Maslama narrated to us: Malik narrated to us, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, that the Prophet said: “Whoever buys food must not sell it until he has taken full possession of it.” Ismail added the wording: “Whoever buys food must not sell it until he takes possession of it.”

Yahya ibn Bukayr narrated to us: al-Layth narrated to us, from Yunus, from Ibn Shihab, who said: Salim ibn Abdullah informed me that Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: “I saw people in the time of the Messenger of Allah buying food in bulk without measuring it. They were beaten if they tried to sell it where they had bought it, until they had carried it to their dwellings.”

Farwa ibn Abi al-Maghra narrated to us: Ali ibn Mushir informed us, from Hisham, from his father, from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: “There was hardly a day on which the Prophet did not come to Abu Bakr house at one of the two ends of the day. When he was given permission to depart for Medina, we were suddenly surprised by his arrival at midday. Abu Bakr was told and said that the Prophet would only come to them at that hour because something had happened. When he entered, he said to Abu Bakr, “Ask those with you to leave.” Abu Bakr said, “Messenger of Allah, they are only my two daughters.” The narrator means Aisha and Asma. The Prophet said, “Do you know that I have been given permission to depart?” Abu Bakr said, “Companionship, Messenger of Allah!” He replied, “Companionship.” Abu Bakr said, “Messenger of Allah, I have two she-camels prepared for the journey, so take one of them.” He said, “I have taken it for its price.”

Ismail narrated to us; he said: Malik narrated to me, from Nafi, from Abdullah ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, that the Messenger of Allah said: “None of you should undercut his brother in a sale.”

Ali ibn Abdullah narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us: al-Zuhri narrated to us, from Said ibn al-Musayyab, from Abu Hurayra, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah forbade a town-dweller from selling on behalf of a desert-dweller. Do not engage in najsh; no one should undercut his brother in a sale or propose marriage over his brother proposal; and no woman should ask that another woman be divorced so that she may take what is in her vessel.

Bishr ibn Muhammad narrated to us: Abdullah informed us: al-Husayn al-Mukattib informed us, from Ata ibn Abi Rabah, from Jabir ibn Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with them both: A man declared that his enslaved man would be freed after his death. Later, the man fell into need, so the Prophet took the man and said, “Who will buy him from me?” Nuaim ibn Abdullah bought him for such-and-such a price, and the Prophet handed him over to him.

Abdullah ibn Maslama narrated to us: Malik narrated to us, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: The Prophet forbade najsh.

Abdullah ibn Yusuf narrated to us: Malik informed us, from Nafi, from Abdullah ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, that the Messenger of Allah forbade the sale known as habal al-habala. It was a sale practiced in the pre-Islamic period: a man would buy a she-camel on credit until the she-camel gave birth, and then until the offspring in her womb gave birth.

Said ibn Ufayr narrated to us; he said: al-Layth narrated to me; he said: Uqayl narrated to me, from Ibn Shihab, who said: Amir ibn Sad informed me that Abu Said, may Allah be pleased with him, told him that the Messenger of Allah forbade munabadha: a man offering his garment for sale by casting it to another before the latter could turn it over or inspect it. He also forbade mulamasa, which is touching a garment without looking at it.

Qutayba narrated to us: Abd al-Wahhab narrated to us: Ayyub narrated to us, from Muhammad, from Abu Hurayra, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: Two ways of dressing were forbidden: for a man to sit with his legs drawn up, wrapped in a single garment, then raise it over his shoulder; and two types of sale, mulamasa and munabadha.

Ismail narrated to us; he said: Malik narrated to me, from Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Habban, and from Abu al-Zinad, from al-Araj, from Abu Hurayra, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah forbade mulamasa and munabadha.

Ayyash ibn al-Walid narrated to us: Abd al-Ala narrated to us: Ma mar narrated to us, from al-Zuhri, from Ata ibn Yazid, from Abu Said, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Prophet forbade two ways of dressing and two types of sale: mulamasa and munabadha.