Business Transactions

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Every loan, which leads to a benefit, is usury."[al-Harith bin Abu Usamah reported it, but its chain of narrators is Saaqit (containing an extremely weak narrator)].

The aforesaid Hadith has a weak supporting narration, on the authority of Fadalah bin 'Ubaid (RA) reported by al-Baihaqi.

It also has another Mawquf (saying of a Companion) narration from 'Abdullah bin Salam (RA) reported by al-Bukhari.

We heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) say: "If a creditor finds his very property with a debtor who becomes bankrupt, he is more entitled to it than anyone else."[Agreed upon].

"If anyone sells some goods (on credit) and the one who buys them becomes bankrupt, and the seller does not recover any of the price of his goods, and he then finds his very goods (with him), he is more entitled to them (than anyone else). However, if the buyer dies, the owner of the goods finds his actual goods he has most right to them."

al-Baihaqi reported it with a full chain of narrators but graded it weak, following Abu Dawud.

"We went to Abu Hurairah (RA) regarding a friend of ours who was bankrupt. He said, "I shall certainly pronounce judgment about him in accordance with the judgement of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). Whoever becomes bankrupt or dies, and a person finds his actual goods (remaining with that man), he has most right to them.'"[al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic); Abu Dawud graded it Da'if (weak). He also considered this addition of the mention of 'death' to be weak].

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Delay in payment on the part of one who possesses the means, makes it lawful to dishonor and punish him."[Abu Dawud and an-Nasa'i reported it. al-Bukhari reported it as Mu'allaq (broken chain from the side of the Hadith collector), and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].

In the time of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) a man suffered a loss affecting fruits he had bought, owed a large debt and became bankrupt. So, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to the people, "Give him Sadaqah (charity)." Hence, the people gave him charity. However, that was not enough to repay his debt in full. Therefore, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to the creditors, "Take whatever you find, and you will have nothing other than that."[Reported by Muslim].

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) seized the wealth of Mu'adh and sold it in return for a debt he was indebted for.[ad-Daraqutni reported it, and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic). Abu Dawud reported it as Mursal (missing link after the Tabi'i) and considered that the strongest opinion is that it is Mursal].

I was brought before the Prophet (ﷺ) on the Day of Uhud when I Was fourteen years old, but he did not give me permission (to fight). I was afterwards brought to him on the Day of al-Khandaq (the Battle of Trench) when I was fifteen years of age, and he gave me permission (to fight).[Agreed upon].

"He did not give me permission (to fight), and did not consider me has having attained puberty."[Ibn Khuzaimah graded it Sahih (authentic)].

We were brought before the Prophet (ﷺ) on the day of Quraizah. Those who had began to grow hair (on their private parts) were killed, while who had not, were set free. I was among those who had not begun to grow hair, so I was set free.[Reported by al-Arba'a. Ibn Hibban and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "It is not permissible to give a gift without her husband's permission."

"It is not permissible for a woman to dispose anything of her wealth if her husband is responsible for her."[Reported by Ahmad and the collectors of as-Sunan except at-Tirmidhi and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Begging is not lawful except to one of three (people): a man who has become a guarantor for a payment, for whom begging is lawful till he gets it, after which he must stop begging; a man whose wealth has been destroyed by a calamity which has befallen him, for whom begging is lawful till he gets what will support life; and a man who has been struck by poverty, the genuineness of which is confirmed by three intelligent members of his people, so it is lawful for him to beg."[Reported by Muslim].

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Reconciliation is permissible between Muslims, except one which makes unlawful something which is lawful, or makes lawful something which is unlawful; and Muslims must abide by their conditions (which they have made), except for a condition which makes unlawful something which is lawful, or makes lawful something which is unlawful."[at-Tirmidhi reported it and graded it Sahih (authentic)]. However, the Hadith scholars criticized him (for grading this Hadith as Sahih) because the narration of Kathir bin 'Abdullah bin 'Amr bin 'Auf is weak. It is as though at-Tirmidhi considered it (reliable) due to its many chains of narration. Ibn Hibban declared the aforesaid Hadith to be Sahih (authentic) from the narration of Abu Hurairah (RA).

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "One must not prevent his neighbor from fixing a wooden peg in his wall." Abu Hurairah (RA) then said, "Why do I see you turning away (averse to this Sunnah)? I swear by Allah that I will always narrate it to you."[Agreed upon].

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "It is not lawful for a person to take his brother's stick except if he is pleased with such."[Ibn Hibban and al-Hakim reported it in their two Sahih books].

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Delay in payment by a rich man is injustice. So, if one of you is referred for payment to a wealthy man he should accept the reference."[Agreed upon].