Business Transactions
كتاب البيوع
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade selling or giving away the right of inheritance from a freed slave.[Agreed upon].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade a transaction determined by throwing stones, and the transaction which involves some uncertainty (or cheating).[Reported by Muslim].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "If anyone buys a grain he must not sell it till he weighs it."[Reported by Muslim].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade two transactions combined in one.[Reported by Ahmad and an-Nasa'i. at-Tirmidhi and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].
"If anyone makes to transactions combined in one he is entitled to take the lower price, or (it is considered) usury."
"Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The condition of a loan combined with a sale is not lawful, now two conditions relating to one transaction, nor the profit arising from something which is not in one's charge, nor selling what is not in your possession."[Reported by al-Khamsa. at-Tirmidhi, Ibn Khuzaimah and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].
He [the Prophet (ﷺ)] forbade a transaction (combined with) a condition. at-Tabarani reported it through this chain of narrators in al-Awsat, and it is Gharib (reported by a single narrator).
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade the type of transaction in which a security deposit was paid.[Reported by Malik, who said, "It reached me (with mentioning its chain of narrators) on the authority of 'Amr bin Shu'aib that..." i.e., the aforesaid Hadith].
I bought some oil in the market and when I had taken it (from the seller), a man met me and offered to give me a good profit for it. Then, when I was about to finalize the deal with him, a man caught hold of my forearm from behind. So I turned and found that he was Zaib bin Thabit (RA). He said, "Do not sell it in the place where you have bought it, till you take it to your dwelling. This is because Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade that commodities to be sold in the place where they were bought, till the traders take them to their dwellings."[Reported by Ahmad and Abu Dawud; this wording is from Abu Dawud. Ibn Hibban and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].
I said, "O Allah's Messenger, I sell camels at al-Baqi'. I sell for Dinars and take Dirhams (for them), and sell for Dirhams, and take Dinars (for them), I take this for that and give that for this (i.e. Dinars and Dirhams)." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied, "There is no harm in taking them at the current rate so long as you do not separate leaving something still to be settled (from the exchange)."[Reported by al-Khamsah and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade bidding against one another (to raise the price).[Agreed upon].
The Prophet (ﷺ) forbade Muhaqalah, Muzabanah, and Mukhabarah. He also forbade Thunya unless it was explicit (a known amount).[Reported by al-Khamsah excluding Ibn Majah; at-Tirmidhi graded it Sahih (authentic)].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade Muhaqalah, Mukhadarah, Mulamasah, Munabadhah and Muzabamah.[Reported by al-Bukhari].
"Do not go out to meet riders (to conduct business with them), and a city-dweller must not sell for a man from the desert." I asked Ibn 'Abbas (RA), "What did he mean by 'A city-dweller must not sell for a man from the desert.'" He replied, "He should not act as a broker for him."[Agreed upon and the wording is al-Bukhari's].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Do not go out to meet what is being brought (to market for sale). Whoever has done so and bought some of it, when its owner comes to the market he has the choice (of canceling the deal)."[Reported by Muslim].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade, a city-dweller to sell for a man from the desert; one to bid against another (to raise the price); that someone sell (his product) by canceling the sale of his brother; to propose (marriage) to a woman after his brother has done so; or a woman to ask to have her sister divorced in order to deprive her of what belongs to her.[Agreed upon].
"A Muslim must not offer a price above that offered by another Muslim."
I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying, "Whoever separates a mother from her child, May Allah separate him from his beloved ones on the Day of Resurrection."[Reported by Ahmad. at-Tirmidhi and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic). However, it's chain of narrators has some weakness. But, it has a supporting narration].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) commanded me to sell two youths who were brothers. I sold them and separated them (by selling them to different people). When I made mention of that to the Prophet (ﷺ), he said, "Find them and get them back, and do not sell them except that they are together."[Reported by Ahmad, and the narrators of his chain are reliable. Indeed Ibn Khuzaimah, Ibn al-Jarud, Ibn Hibban, al-Hakim, at-Tabarani and Ibn Qattan graded it Sahih (authentic)].
When prices were high in al-Madinah in the time of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), the people said, "O Allah's Messenger, prices have become high, so fix them for us." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied, Allah is the One Who fixes prices, Who withholds, gives lavishly and provides. And I hope that when I meet Allah, the Most High, none of you will have any claim on me for an injustice regarding blood or property."[Reported by al-Khamsah excluding an-Nasa'i; Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].