Business Transactions
كتاب البيوع
I asked Rafi' bin Khadij (RA) about renting land for gold and silver and he replied, "There is no harm in that, as the people used to rent land in the time of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) for what grew by the river-beds, and the edges of the brooks/streams, or for a portion of the crop. However, sometimes this portion of the crop would be destroyed while the other is saved, or vice-versa. Thus, there would be no wages to pay the people (the owners of the land) except for the portion which produced a crop." For this reason, he warned against this (practice). However, if it is (rented) for something known and guaranteed, then there is no harm in it.[Muslim reported it]. This narration contains a clarification of what was mentioned in general terms in the previous narration of al-Bukhari and Muslim, regarding the general prohibition of renting out land.
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade al-Muzara'ah (employing people on land for a share of the produce), and ordered al-Mu'ajara (renting it out for cash).[Reported by Muslim].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had himself cupped and gave the one who cupped him his pay; and if it were prohibited he would not have given him (his pay).[Reported by al-Bukhari].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The earnings of a cupper (Hajjam) are impure."[Reported by Muslim].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Allah, the Great and Glorious, has said, "There are three whose adversary I shall be on the Day of Resurrection: A man who gave a promise in My Name and then betrayed; a man who sold a free man and consumed his price; and a man who hired a worker and, after receiving full service from him, did not give him his wages.'"[Reported by Muslim].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The most worthy thing for which you receive payment is Allah's Book."[Reported by al-Bukhari].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Give the hired worker his wage before his sweat dries."[Reported by Ibn Majah].
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever hires a worker should pay him his wages in full."[Reported by 'Abdur-Razzaq, and it has Inqita' (a break) in it's chain of narrators. al-Baihaqi reported it Mawsul (unbroken chain) through the narration of Abu Hanifah].
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "He who develops land that does not belong to anyone, has the most right to it."'Urwa said that 'Umar ruled according to that during his caliphate.[Reported by al-Bukhari]
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "If anyone makes a barren land productive, then it belongs to him."[Reported by ath-Thalatha. at-Tirmidhi graded it Hasan (good)].
And he (at-Tirmidhi) said that it was reported in a Mursal (missing link after the Tabi'i) form, which is the case. However, there is disagreement regarding the Companion who heard it from the Prophet (ﷺ), and it has been said that it was Jabir, 'Aishah or 'Abdullah bin 'Umar, and the strongest opinion is that it was the first one (i.e. Jabir).
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (RA) that as-Sa'b bin Jaththamah al-Laithi (RA) informed him that the Prophet (ﷺ) had said, "There is no preserve except what belongs to Allah and His Messenger."[Reported by al-Bukhari].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "There should neither be harming (of others without cause), nor reciprocating harm (between two parties)."[Reported by Ahmad and Ibn Majah].
Ibn Majah reported something similar to the aforesaid Hadith from Abu Sa'id's narration. It is found in al-Muwatta' in a Mursal form (missing link after the Tabi'i).
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "If anyone puts a wall around a (barren) land, it belongs to him."[Reported by Abu Dawud and Ibn al-Jarud graded it Sahih (authentic)].
The Prophet (ﷺ), "Whoever digs a well, shall have forty cubits (of land) as resting place for his animals near the water."[Reported by Ibn Majah through a weak chain of narrators].
"The Prophet (ﷺ) assigned him land in Hadramout."[Reported by Abu Dawud and at-Tirmidhi. Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].
The Prophet (ﷺ) assigned az-Zubair the land his horse could cover at a run. He made his horse run, and when it stopped he threw his whip. He then said, "Give to him up to the spot his has reached.[Reported by Abu Dawud, but it has weakness].
I went on an expedition with the Prophet (ﷺ) and heard him say, "People are partners in three things: grazing, pasture, water and fire."[Reported by Ahmad and Abu Dawud, and its narrators are reliable (thiqah)].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "When a son of Adam (i.e. any human being) dies his deeds are discontinued, with three exceptions: Sadaqah, whose benefit is continuous; or knowledge from which benefit continues to be reaped, or a righteous child who supplicates for him."[Reported by Muslim].