Business Transactions

I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying, "The property which a parent or a child has a right to, goes to his 'Asabah (paternal relatives) whoever it may be.[Reported by Abu Dawud, an-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah. Ibn al-Madini and Ibn 'Abdul-Barr graded it Sahih (authentic)].

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The right to inheritance from a freed slave is a relationship like the relationship of blood relatives (lineage); it cannot be sold or given away."[al-Hakim reported it through ash-Shafi'i's narration from Muhammad bin al-Hasan on the authority of Abu Yusuf. Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic), while al-Baihaqi graded it defective].

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The most versed in the rules of inheritance among you is Zaid bin Thabit."[Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a except Abu Dawud. at-Tirmidhi, Ibn Hibban and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic). However, it was considered defective due to being Mursal (missing link in the chain after the Tabi'i)].

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "It is not permissible for a Muslim person, who has something he wants to give as a bequest, to have it for two nights without having his will regarding it written and kept ready with him."[Agreed upon].

I said, "O Allah's Messenger, I have wealth and no one to inherit from me except my one daughter. Shall I give two-thirds of my property as Sadaqah?" He replied, "No." I said, "Shall I give half of it as Sadaqah?" He replied, "No." I said, "Shall I give a third of it as Sadaqah?" He replied, "You may give a third as Sadaqah, which is still a lot. To leave your heirs rich is better than to leave them poor and begging from people."[Agreed upon].

A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "O Allah's Messenger, my mother had died suddenly, and did not make a will. And I think she would have given out Sadaqah if she had been able to speak, so will she get a reward if I gave out Sadaqah on her behalf?" He replied, "Yes."[Agreed upon; the wording is Muslim's].

I heard Allah's Messeneger (ﷺ) saying, "Allah has appointed for everyone who has a right what is due to him, and no Wasiyah (will) should be made to an heir."[Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a except an-Nasa'i. Ahmad and at-Tirmidhi graded it Hasan (good), while Ibn Khuzaimah and Ibn al-Jarud graded it Qawiy (strong)].

"unless the other heirs wish so."[Its chain of narrators is Hasan (good)].

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Allah gave (a favor) as Sadaqah to you a third of your property, when you are about to die, as an increase in your good deeds."[Reported by ad-Daraqutni].

Ahmad and al-Bazzar reported the aforesaid narration from the Hadith of Abu ad-Darda.

While Ibn Majah reported it from the Hadith of Abu Hurairah (RA).

All of them (i.e. these three chains of narrators) are weak. However, they may strengthen one another (becoming Hasan), and Allah Knows Best.

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "There is no liability on him who is entrusted with something."[Ibn Majah reported it, but its chain narrators is Da'if (weak)].

The Chapter on the division of Sadaqah has preceded at the end of the Book of Zakat.

The Chapter on the division of tributes from territories the Muslims have conquered, and spoils of war, will follow the Book of Jihad, if Allah the Most High wills.