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كتاب البيوع
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "If anyone gives away a gift, he has most right to it as long as he is given nothing in return for it."[al-Hakim reported and graded it Sahih (authentic). However, the stronger narration is Ibn 'Umar's narration on the authority of 'Umar (RA) as a saying of 'Umar].
The Prophet (ﷺ) came upon a date on the road and said, "Were it not that I fear it may be part of the Sadaqah I would eat it."[Agreed upon].
A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and asked him about an item found (in the street). He replied, "Note what it is contained in, and what it is tied with, and make the matter known for a year. Then, if its owner comes (give it to him). Otherwise, you can do what you like with it." He asked, "What about astray sheep?" He replied, "It is for your, your brother, or the wolf." He asked, "What about astray camels?" He replied, "What have you to do with them? They have their stomachs and their feet. They can go down to water and eat trees till their master finds them."[Agreed upon].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "He who shelters a stray (animal) is astray himself if he does not make it known." [Reported by Muslim].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "He who finds something should call two trusty people as witnesses, keep in mind what it is contained in, and what it is tied with, and not conceal it or cover it up. Then, if its owner comes, he has the most right to it. Otherwise, it is Allah's property which He gives to whomever He wills."[Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a excluding Tirmidhi. Ibn Khuzaimah, Ibn al-Jarud and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].
The Prophet (ﷺ) prohibited taking what a pilgrim has dropped (lost).[Reported by Muslim].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A beast of prey with a fang, a domestic donkey, and a lost item from the property of a Mu'ahid (a disbeliever who has been given a covenant) - unless it is something worthless - are not lawful."[Reported by Abu Dawud].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), "Give the prescribed shares to those who are entitled to them, and what remains goes to the nearest male relative (of the deceased)."[Agreed upon].
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "A Muslim does not inherit from an infidel and an infidel does not inherit from a Muslim."[Agreed upon].
The Prophet (ﷺ) ruled, "The daughter gets half and the son's daughter gets a sixth, completing two-thirds, and what remains goes to the sister."[Reported by al-Bukhari].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "People of two different religions do not inherit from one another."[Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a except at-Tirmidhi].
al-Hakim reported it with Usamah's wording.
an-Nasa'i reported Usamah's Hadith with the aforesaid wording.
A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "My son's son (grandson) has died, so what do I receive from his estate (inheritance)?" He replied, "You receive a sixth;" then when he turned away he called him and said, "You receive another sixth;" and when he turned away he called him and said, "The other sixth is an allowance (beyond what is due)."[Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a. at-Tirmidhi graded it Sahih (authentic)].
It is from al-Hasan al-Basri's narration on the authority of 'Imran. However, it has been said that al-Hasan did not hear (Hadith) from 'Imran].
The Prophet (ﷺ) appointed a sixth to a grandmother if no mother is left to inherit before her.[Reported by Abu Dawud and an-Nasa'i. Ibn Khuzaimah and Ibn al-Jarud graded it Sahih (authentic) and Ibn 'Adi graded it strong].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A maternal uncle is heir of him who has no inheritor."[Ahmad and al-Arba'a reported it excluding at-Tirmidhi. Abu Zur'a ar-Razi graded it Hasan (good), and al-Hakim and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic).
'Umar (RA) wrote to Abu Ubaidah (RA) that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had said: "Allah and His Messenger are the Patrons of him who has none and a maternal uncle is the heir of him who has no inheritor."[Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a except Abu Dawud. at-Tirmidhi graded it Hasan (good); Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "When a new born cries (at the time of birth) (and then dies), it is treated as a hair."[Reported by Abu Dawud and graded as Sahih (authentic) by Ibn Hibban].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "One who kills a man cannot inherit anything from him."[Reported by an-Nasa'i and ad-Daraqutni. Ibn 'Abdul-Barr graded it Qawiy (strong), while an-Nasa'i declared it to be defective. The right opinion is that it is Mawquf (a saying of a Companion) from 'Umar].