Bulugh al-Maram
The Book of Purification
كتاب الطهارة
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Muslim indicated that he deliberately omitted it. (1)
(1) He said: ‘In the hadith of Hammad ibn Zayd there is an additional letter that we have left unmentioned.’ I say: al-Nasa’i said likewise, but Hammad was not alone in transmitting this addition, as I explained in al-Asl.
Chapter 6
نواقض الوضوء
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‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I was a man who emitted pre-ejaculatory fluid frequently, so I asked al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad to ask the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He asked him, and he replied: ‘For it, ablution is required.’ Agreed upon; this is al-Bukhari’s wording. (1)
(1) Authentic. Reported by al-Bukhari (132) and Muslim (303). Muslim’s wording is ‘from it’ instead of ‘in it.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic distinguishes the pronoun in the two versions: al-Bukhari’s wording is ‘in it,’ while Muslim has ‘from it.’
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‘A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) kissed one of his wives, then went out to pray without performing ablution. Ahmad reported it, and al-Bukhari weakened it. (1)
(1) Authentic. Reported by Ahmad (610). Although al-Bukhari weakened it and others found a defect in it, some scholars authenticated it, and that is the correct view.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source main text reports al-Bukhari’s criticism, while its annotation records the compiler’s preference for the authentication of other scholars.
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Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘If one of you feels something in his abdomen and is uncertain whether anything has come out of him, he should not leave the mosque until he hears a sound or detects an odor.’ Muslim reported it. (1)
(1) Authentic. Muslim (362).
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Taliq ibn ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: A man said, ‘I touched my penis’—or he said, ‘If a man touches his penis during prayer, must he perform ablution?’ The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘No. It is only a part of you.’ The Five reported it, and Ibn Hibban graded it authentic. (1)
(1) Good. Reported by Abu Dawud (182 and 183), al-Nasa’i (101), al-Tirmidhi (85), Ibn Majah (483), Ahmad (43), and Ibn Hibban (207, Mawarid). It should be understood, however, that this hadith is abrogated. Ibn Hazm said in al-Muhalla (139)—and how well he put it: ‘This report—the report of Taliq—is authentic, but they have no proof in it for several reasons. First: This report accords with what people followed before the command to perform ablution after touching the genitals was given; there is no doubt about this. Therefore, its ruling was certainly abrogated when the Messenger of Allah commanded ablution after touching the genitals. It is not permissible to abandon what is certainly the abrogating text and follow what is certainly abrogated. Second: His statement, “Is it anything but a part of you?” is clear evidence that it came before the command to perform ablution after touching it. Had it come after that command, he would not have said these words; rather, he would have explained that the command had been abrogated. His statement shows that no ruling had previously been established concerning it, and that it is like the rest of the body.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The extended legal argument is explicitly quoted from Ibn Hazm in the source. It is translated as his attributed argument, not as an independently established conclusion.
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Ibn al-Madini said: ‘It is better than the hadith of Busrah.’
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Busrah bint Safwan (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Whoever touches his penis, let him perform ablution.’ The Five reported it; al-Tirmidhi and Ibn Hibban graded it authentic. (1)
(1) Authentic. Reported by Abu Dawud (181), al-Nasa’i (100), al-Tirmidhi (82), Ibn Majah (479), Ahmad (6/406), and Ibn Hibban (212, Mawarid). This hadith has been criticized on grounds that do not undermine it, as explained in al-Asl.
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Al-Bukhari said: ‘It is the most authentic thing in this chapter.’
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‘A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Whoever is afflicted with vomiting, a nosebleed, regurgitation, or pre-ejaculatory fluid should leave, perform ablution, then resume his prayer from where he left off, without speaking during that.’ Ibn Majah reported it. (1)
(1) Weak. Reported by Ibn Majah (1221).
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic lists four causes: vomiting, nosebleed, qals (regurgitation), and madhy (pre-ejaculatory fluid). The English witness omits regurgitation.
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Ahmad and others weakened it.
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Jabir ibn Samurah (may Allah be pleased with them both) reported: A man asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), ‘Should I perform ablution after eating mutton?’ He said, ‘If you wish.’ The man asked, ‘Should I perform ablution after eating camel meat?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ Muslim reported it. (1)
(1) Authentic. Reported by Muslim (360).
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Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Whoever washes a deceased person, let him perform a ritual bath; whoever carries him, let him perform ablution.’ Ahmad, al-Nasa’i, and al-Tirmidhi reported it, and al-Tirmidhi graded it good. (1)
(1) Authentic. Reported by Ahmad (no. 7675) and al-Tirmidhi (993). A number of scholars, including Imam Ahmad as al-Hafiz transmitted, criticized this hadith; however, its many chains and corroborating reports leave no doubt about its authenticity. See al-Asl for details, if you wish. Note: al-Hafiz erred in attributing it to al-Nasa’i. And Allah knows best.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The main text and English witness attribute the report to al-Nasa’i; the Arabic annotation says this attribution by al-Hafiz was mistaken.
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Ahmad said: ‘Nothing in this chapter is authentic.’
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‘Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr (may Allah have mercy on him) reported: Among the contents of the letter that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote to ‘Amr ibn Hazm was: ‘None may touch the Qur’an except a ritually pure person.’ Malik reported it in mursal form; al-Nasa’i and Ibn Hibban connected its chain, but it is defective.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The English witness translates ‘tahir’ as ‘a pure person’; the Arabic does not specify in this passage whether the purity is ritual.
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‘A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to remember Allah at all times. Muslim reported it with a connected chain, and al-Bukhari cited it in suspended form. (1)
(1) Authentic. Al-Bukhari cited it in suspended form (Fath al-Bari, 214), while Muslim connected its chain (373).
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Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was cupped and prayed without performing ablution. Al-Daraqutni reported it and considered it weak. (1)
(1) Weak. Reported by al-Daraqutni (151–152).
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Mu‘awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘The eye is the tether of the anus; when the two eyes sleep, the tether is released.’ Ahmad and al-Tabarani reported it, and al-Tabarani added: ‘Whoever sleeps should perform ablution.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The wording uses a metaphor: the eye is likened to a tether that restrains the anus; when a person sleeps, that restraint is released. The English witness supplies an explanatory gloss about air escaping.
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This addition in the hadith is found in Abu Dawud’s report from ‘Ali, without the words ‘the tether is released.’ Both chains are weak. (1)
(1) Good. Reported by Ahmad (4/97) and Abu Dawud (203); al-Asl contains a fuller discussion.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The main text says both chains are weak, while the annotation grades the report good and cites corroboration. Both assessments are preserved in their respective source passages.
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Abu Dawud also reported from Ibn ‘Abbas, traced to the Prophet: ‘Ablution is required only of one who sleeps lying down.’ Its chain is also weak. (1)
(1) Denounced. Reported by Abu Dawud (202).
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Ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Satan comes to one of you during his prayer and blows at his backside, making him imagine that he has passed wind when he has not. If this happens, he should not leave until he hears a sound or detects an odor.’ Al-Bazzar reported it. (1)
(1) Reported by al-Bazzar (281).
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source says the worshipper should not leave, without restating ‘his prayer’; the surrounding sentence indicates that he is praying.