Bulugh al-Maram
The Book of Purification
كتاب الطهارة
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “When one of you has intercourse with his wife and then wishes to do so again, let him perform ablution between the two.” Muslim transmitted it.
1 — Sound. Muslim (308) reported it.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The phrase “between the two” refers to performing ablution between the two acts of intercourse, as supported by the context and English witness.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Al-Hakim added: “For it makes one more ready to repeat.” 1 — Al-Hakim’s al-Mustadrak (152); this addition is also sound.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source gives a brief explanatory addition to the preceding report. The object of “repeat” is understood from context as sexual intercourse.
Chapter 8
الغسل وحكم الجنب
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to sleep while in a state of major ritual impurity, without touching water. The Four transmitted it, and it is defective.
1 — Sound. Abu Dawud (228), al-Nasa’i in al-Sunan al-Kubra, al-Tirmidhi (118 and 119), and Ibn Majah (583) reported it. As for the reasoning of those who deemed it defective, its details are in al-Asl, since not every defect undermines a hadith’s soundness. See also Ibn Shahin’s Nasikh al-Hadith wa-Mansukhuhu (129), in my edition.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source calls the report defective in the main text but grades it sound in the annotation, then explains that not every defect affects soundness. Both statements are preserved.
وَلِلْأَرْبَعَةِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: { كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -يَنَامُ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ, مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَمَسَّ مَاءً } وَهُوَ مَعْلُول ٌ 1 .
The text calls the report defective while the annotation grades it sound and says not every defect undermines soundness.
Does the cited discussion in al-Asl explain the particular defect while maintaining the overall sound grading?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performed ghusl after janabah, he began by washing his hands. Then he poured water with his right hand over his left and washed his private parts. He then performed ablution, took water, and ran his fingers through the roots of his hair. He poured three handfuls over his head, poured water over the rest of his body, and then washed his feet. Agreed upon; this is the wording of Muslim.
1 — Sound. Al-Bukhari (248) and Muslim (316) reported it. Since the author cited Muslim’s wording, after “the roots of the hair” that version adds her words: “until he saw that he had thoroughly cleansed himself.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The final quoted addition, istabra’a, is rendered as having thoroughly cleansed himself; the cited Arabic refers to her words in the report.
وبما أن المؤلف ساق لفظ مسلم فعنده بعد قول: "أصول الشعر" إضافة وهي قولها: "حتى إذا رأى أن قد استبرأ".
The annotation quotes an additional clause in Muslim’s wording, which is included in this translation.
Confirm that the added phrase is represented as an additional clause in the cited Muslim wording.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
In the two reports from Maymunah, he then poured water over his private parts, washed them with his left hand, and struck his hand against the ground.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
This fragment is a continuation of the ghusl description in the preceding report; the dual pronoun refers to al-Bukhari and Muslim.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
In another version: “He wiped it with earth.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic feminine pronoun refers to the hand mentioned in the preceding report.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
At the end of this version: “Then I brought him a cloth, but he declined it”; and it says: “He began shaking the water off his hand.” 1 — Sound. Al-Bukhari (249; see its other references) and Muslim (317) reported it.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The subject of “declined it” and “shaking” is the Prophet, following the surrounding report; the narrator is Maymunah.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: I said, “Messenger of Allah, I am a woman who tightly braids her hair. Must I undo it for ghusl after janabah?” In another version she asked, “and after menstruation?” He replied: “No. It is sufficient for you to pour three handfuls of water over your head.” Muslim transmitted it.
1 — Sound. Muslim (330) reported it and added: “Then you pour water over yourself, and you become purified.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source preserves two occasions in her question: ghusl after janabah and after menstruation. The added wording after the main report is included.
وزاد: "ثم تفيضين عليك الماء فتطهرين".
The source adds a concluding phrase stating that she then pours water over herself and becomes purified.
Confirm that the added wording remains associated with the Muslim version.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “I do not permit a menstruating woman or a person in a state of janabah to enter the mosque.” Abu Dawud transmitted it, and Ibn Khuzaymah authenticated it.
1 — Weak. Abu Dawud (232) and Ibn Khuzaymah (1327) reported it.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The main text says Ibn Khuzaymah authenticated the report, while the annotation labels it weak; both statements are preserved.
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ إِنِّي لَا أُحِلُّ اَلْمَسْجِدَ لِحَائِضٍ وَلَا جُنُبٌ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ خُزَيْمَة َ 1 .
The main text says Ibn Khuzaymah authenticated the report, while the annotation calls it weak.
Do the grading statements refer to distinct chains or report versions?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and I used to perform ghusl from one vessel while in a state of janabah, our hands taking turns in it. Agreed upon. Ibn Hibban added: “And they touched one another.”
1 — Sound. Al-Bukhari (261) and Muslim (321; 45) reported it. Al-Bukhari does not have the wording “while in a state of janabah.” 2 — Ibn Hibban, no. 1111; its chain is sound, though the Hafiz in al-Fath (1/373) leaned toward considering it an insertion.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source distinguishes al-Bukhari’s wording from Muslim’s and notes scholarly uncertainty about whether Ibn Hibban’s additional phrase is an insertion.
إلا أن الحافظ في "الفتح" (1/373) مال إلى أنها مدرجة.
The annotation says the chain of the added phrase is sound but notes that al-Hafiz in al-Fath leaned toward treating it as inserted.
Should the extra wording “and they touched one another” be treated as an insertion, as the cited assessment suggests?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Narrated Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “There is a state of major ritual impurity beneath every hair, so wash the hair and cleanse the skin.” Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi transmitted it and judged it weak.
[Grading note:] Munkar (reprehensible). Reported by Abu Dawud (248) and al-Tirmidhi (106).
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic source includes both the report and an editorial grading/reference note; both are translated. The English witness renders the grading as “weak,” while the Arabic annotation specifically says munkar.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ahmad transmitted a similar report from ʿAʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her), but it contains an unknown narrator.
[Grading note:] Weak. Reported by Ahmad (654).
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The phrase “a similar report” refers to the preceding report in the source sequence; the chapter context and English witness support that relation. The Arabic source also includes a separate grading note, absent from the English witness.
Chapter 9
التيمم
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Narrated Jabir ibn ʿAbd Allah (may Allah be pleased with them both): The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “I have been granted five things that no one before me was granted: I was aided with fear cast into the hearts of my enemies for a journey of one month; the earth was made for me a place of prayer and a means of purification; so whenever the time for prayer comes upon anyone, let him pray.” He then mentioned the rest of the report.
[Grading and source note:] Sound. Reported by al-Bukhari (335) and Muslim (521). Its full wording continues: “Spoils of war were made lawful for me, though they were not lawful for anyone before me; I was given intercession; each prophet was sent only to his own people, whereas I was sent to all people.” The wording here is that of al-Bukhari. Note: This is how the report appears in the original, without naming its transmitters; in the margin it was written that perhaps the phrase Agreed upon was omitted.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic source includes an editorial grading and a note about the printed wording; the English witness translates only the core report. The hadith passage names five privileges but quotes only the first two before saying that the rest was mentioned; the annotation supplies the remaining wording.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
In a report of Hudhayfah transmitted by Muslim, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Its soil was made a means of purification for us when we find no water.”
[Grading and source note:] Sound. Reported by Muslim (522). Its opening is: “We were favored over people in three things: our rows were made like the rows of the angels, and …”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source itself quotes only this portion and explicitly marks the remainder as omitted; the ellipsis has been preserved.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
ʿAli (may Allah be pleased with him) reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): “The soil was made for me a means of purification.”
[Grading and fuller wording:] Good. Reported by Ahmad (763). The full wording is: “I was given what no prophet before me was given.” We asked, “Messenger of Allah, what is it?” He replied, “I was aided with fear in the hearts of my enemies, I was given the keys to the earth, I was named Ahmad, the soil was made for me a means of purification, and my community was made the best of communities.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source annotation supplies a longer wording than the English witness, which contains only the brief main excerpt. The keys to the earth follows the Arabic literally.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
ʿAmmar ibn Yasir (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: “The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me on an errand. I became sexually impure and could not find water, so I rolled in the ground as an animal rolls. Then I came to the Prophet and told him about it. He said it would have been sufficient for me to do this with my hands. He then struck the ground once with his hands, wiped his left hand over his right, and wiped the backs of his hands and his face.” Agreed upon; the wording is that of Muslim.
[Grading note:] Sound. Reported by al-Bukhari (347) and Muslim (368).
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic specifies wiping the left over the right; the English witness reverses this detail. The translation follows the Arabic source.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
In a version transmitted by al-Bukhari, ʿAmmar said: “He struck the earth with the palms of his hands, blew into them, then wiped his face and hands with them.”
[Source note:] Al-Bukhari, no. 338.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic source gives the citation as al-Bukhari no. 338; the English witness omits this separate citation.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Narrated Ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with them both): The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Tayammum is two strikes: one for the face and one for the hands up to the elbows.” The imams authenticated it as a report stopping at the Companion.
[Grading note:] Very weak. Reported by al-Daraqutni (1806).
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic source gives two grading statements: the main text says the imams authenticated the report as mawquf, while the appended note calls it very weak. The English witness omits both details.
وَصَحَّحَ اَلْأَئِمَّةُ وَقْفَه ُ
The source presents apparently divergent grading statements without explaining whether they concern different transmission forms.
Do the two grading statements refer to distinct attribution statuses, or does the appended note contradict the source text?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Narrated Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “The earth is a means of purification for a Muslim, even if he finds no water for ten years. When he finds water, let him fear Allah and let it touch his skin.”
[Grading and source note:] Sound. Reported by al-Bazzar (310, in the Zawaʾid); the report that follows supports it.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic source says al-Qattan authenticated the report, while al-Daraqutni preferred the disconnected form of its chain; both statements are retained. The English witness omits the grading and these source comments.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Al-Tirmidhi transmits a similar report from Abu Dharr, and he graded it sound.
[Grading and fuller wording:] Sound. Reported by al-Tirmidhi (124). Its wording is: “The pure earth is a means of purification for a Muslim, even if he finds no water for ten years. When he finds water, let him touch it to his skin, for that is better.” He said, “A hasan sahih hadith.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic source includes a fuller wording and al-Tirmidhi grading; the English witness only says that a similar hadith was transmitted.