The Chapters on Business Transactions

كتاب التجارات

Chapter 16: Prohibition Of Meeting Traders On The Way

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said

"Do not meet the traders on the way, and whoever meets any of them and buys from him, the vendor has the choice of annulling the transaction when he comes to the marketplace.''

It was narrated that 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud said

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade. meeting the owners of goods (away from the market)."

Chapter 17: The Two Parties To A Transaction Have The Choice (Of Annulling It) So Long As They Have

It was narrated from Abu Barzah Al-Aslami that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said

”The two parties to a transaction have the choice (of annulling it) so long as they have not yet parted."

Chapter 19: Parties To A Transaction Who Differ With One Another

It was narrated from Qasim bin 'Abdur Rahman from his father that

Abdullah bin Mas'ud sold one of the slaves from the state[1] to Ash'ath bin Qais, and they differed concerning the price. Ibn Mas'ud said: "I sold him to you for twenty thousand,' but Ash'ath bin Qais said: "I bought him from you for ten thousand." 'Abdullah said: "If you want, I will tell you a Hadith which I heard from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)" He said: "Tell me it." He said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'If two parties to a transaction differ, and they have no proof, and the sale item remains (unredeemed), then what the seller says is valid. Or they may cancel the transaction." He said: "I want to cancel the transaction." And he cancelled it.

Chapter 20: The Prohibition Of Selling What Is Not With You, And From Profiting On What You Do Not P

It was narrated from 'Amr bin Shu'aib, from his father, that his grandfather said

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'It is not permissible to sell something that is not with you, nor to profit from what you do not possess."'

Chapter 21: If Two Authorized Persons Make A Sale, Then The First Transaction Is The One That Is Val

It was narrated from 'Uqbah bin 'Amir or Samurah bin Jundab that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said

"Any man who sells to two men, it is for the one who was first."[1]

Chapter 22: Prohibition On Earnest Money

It was narrated from 'Amr bin Shu'aib, from his father, from his grandfather that

the Prophet (ﷺ) forbade the deal involving earnest money .

It was narrated from 'Amr bin Shu'aib, from his father, from his grandfather that

the Prophet (ﷺ) forbade the deal involving earnest money. (Hasan)Abu 'Abdullah said: Earnest money refers to when a man buys an animal for one hundred Dinar, then he gives the seller two Dinar in advance and says: "If I do not buy the animal, then the two Dinar are yours." And it was said that it refers, and Allah knows best, to when a man buys something, and gives the seller a Dirham or less or more, and says: "If I take it (all well and good), and if I do not, then the Dirham is yours."

Chapter 23: Prohibition Of Hasah And Gharar Transactions

It was narrated that Abu Hurairah said

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade Gharar transaction sand Hasah transactions. "

Chapter 24: Prohibition Of Buying What Is In The Wombs And Udders Of Cattle, And Whatever A Diver Is

It was narrated that Abu Sa'eed Al-Khudri said

“The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade selling what is in the wombs of cattle until they give birth, and selling what is in their udders unless it is measured out, and selling a slave who has fled, and selling spoils of war until it has been distributed, and selling Sadaqah until it has been received, and what a diver is going to bring up."

Chapter 25: Auctions

It was narrated from Anas bin Malik that

a man from among the Ansar came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and begged from him. He said, "Do you have anything in your house?" He said: "Yes, a blanket, part of which we cover ourselves with and part we spread beneath us, and a bowl from which we drink water." He said: "Givethem to me." So he brought them to him, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) took them in his hand and said, "Who will by these two things?" A man said: "I will by them for one Dirham." He said: "Who will offer more than a Dirham?" two or three times. A man said: "I will buy them for two Dirham." So he gave them to him and took the two Dirham, which he gave to the Ansari and said: "Buy food with one of them and give it to your family, and buy an axe with the other and bring it to me." So he did that, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) took it and fixed a handle to it, and said: "Go and gather firewood, and I do not want to see you for fifteen days." So he went and gathered firewood and sold it, then he came back, and he had earned ten Dirham. (The Prophet (ﷺ)) said: "Buy food with some of it and clothes with some." Then he said: "This is better for you than coming with begging (appearing) as a spot on your face on the Day of Resurrection. Begging is only appropriate for one who is extremely poor or who is in severe debt, or one who must pay painful blood money.”[1]

Chapter 26: Letting Someone Off

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said

Whoever agrees with a Muslim to cancel a transaction Allah will forgive his sins on the Day of Resurrection. "

Chapter 29: Haggling

It was narrated that 'Ali said

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade haggling before sunrise, and (he forbade) slaughtering animals that yield milk."

Chapter 30: What Was Narrated About It Being Disliked To Swear Oaths When Buying And Selling

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said

"There are three to whom Allah will not speak on the Day of Resurrection, nor will He look at them or purify them, and theirs will be a painful torment: A man who has surplus water in the desert but refuses to give any to a wayfarer; a man who sells a product to a man after 'Asr and swears by Allah that he bought it for such and such amount, and he believes him, when that is not the case; and a man who swears allegiance to a ruler, and only does so for worldly gains, so if he gives him some of (these worldly benefits) he fulfills his oath of allegiance, and if he is not given anything he does not uphold his oath of allegiance. "

It was narrated from Abu Dharr that the Prophet (ﷺ) said

"There are three to whom Allah will not speak on the Day of Resurrection nor will He look at them or purify them, and theirs will be a painful torment." I said: "Who are they, O Messenger of Allah? For they are indeed losers." He said: "The one who lets his garment hang beneath his ankles, the one who reminds another of what he has given him, and the one who sells his product by means of false oaths."

Chapter 31: What Was Narrated Concerning One Who Sells A Pollinated Palm Tree Or A Slave Who Has Wea

It was narrated that 'Ubadah bin Samit said

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled that the fruit of a palm tree belongs to the one who pollinated it, and that the wealth of a slave belongs to the one who sold him, unless the purchaser stipulated a condition."

Chapter 37: The Prohibition Of Selling Food Before Taking Possession Of It

It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet (ﷺ) said

"Whoever buys food, let him not sell it until he has taken full possession of it."

Chapter 40: Marketplaces And Entering Them

It was narrated that Salman said

"I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saying: 'Whoever goes to the Morning prayer first thing in the morning, he goes out with the banner of faith but whoever goes out to the marketplace first thing in the morning, he goes out under the banner of Iblis (Satan).' "

Chapter 42: Sale of the Musarrah (animal whose udders were tied up)

It was narrated that 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud said

"I bear witness that the true and truly inspired one Abul-Qasim (ﷺ) told us: 'Selling a Muhaffalah is Khilabah, and Khilabah is not lawful for the Muslim."' (Ibn Majah said: " Meaning: 'Deception.")

Chapter 43: A Slave’s Earning Belong To His Guarantor

It was narrated from Aishah that

the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled that what a slave earns belongs to his guarantor.