The Chapters on Business Transactions

كتاب التجارات

Chapter 58: Emphatic Prohibitions Of Usury

It was narrated that 'Umar bin Khattab said

"The last thing to be revealed was the Verse on usury but the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) died before he had explained it to us. So give up usury (interest) and doubtful things."

It was narrated from 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud that

Xthe Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) cursed the one who consumes usury, the one who pays it, those who witness it and the one who writes it down.

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said

“There will come a time when there will be no one left who does not consume usury (interest), and whoever does not consume it will nevertheless be affected by it."'

It was narrated from Ibn Mas'ud that the Prophet (ﷺ) said

"There is no one who deals in usury a great deal (to increase his wealth) but he will end up with little (i.e., his wealth will be decreased)."

Chapter 59: Payment In Advance For A Known Amount Or A Known Weight To Be Delivered At A Known Time

It was narrated that Ibn 'Abbas said

"When the Prophet (ﷺ) came (to Al-Madinah), they used to pay in advance for dates, two or three years in advance. He said: 'Whoever pays in advance for dates, let him pay for a known amount or a known weight, to be delivered at a known time.’”

It was narrated from Muhammad bin Hamzah bin Yusuf bin 'Abdullah bin Salam, from his father, that his grandfather 'Abdullah bin Salam said

"A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, 'The tribe of Banu so-and- so, who were descended from the Jews, have become Muslim, and they are starving, and I am afraid that they may apostatize.' The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'Who has something with him?' A Jewish man said: 'I have such and such, and he named it, and I think he said three hundred Dinar for such and such 'an amount (of produce) from the garden of the tribe of Banu so-and-so.' The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'For such and such a price at such and such a time, but not from the garden of the tribe of Banu so-and- so."'

It was narrated that Abu Mujalid said

"Abdullah bin Shaddad and Abu Barzah had a dispute about paying in advance. They sent me to 'Abdullah bin Abu Awfa to ask him about it. He said: 'We used to make payments in advance at the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and the time of Abu Bakr and 'Umar, for wheat, barley, raisins and dates, to people who did not yet possess those things.' I asked Ibn Abza, and he said something similar."

Chapter 60: The One Who Has Paid In Advance For Something Should Not Exchange It For Something Else

It was narrated from Abu Sa'eed that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said

"When you have paid in advance for something, do not exchange it for something else." (Da'if)Another chain with similar wording.

Chapter 61: If One Pays In Advance For A Specific Date Palm And It Does Not Yield Anything

It was narrated that Najrani said

"I said to 'Abdullah bin 'Umar: 'Can I pay in advance for a date palm before it bears fruit?' He said: 'No.' I said: 'Why not?' He said: 'A man paid in advance for a grove of trees during the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), before they had produced any fruit, and they did not bear anything that year. The purchaser said: 'They belong to me until they produce but the seller said: 'I only sold the trees to you for this year! They referred their dispute to the Messenger of Allah who said to the seller: 'Did he take anything from your date palms?' He said: 'No.' He said: 'Then why do you regard his wealth as lawful for You? Give back what you took from him, and do not take payment in advance for date palms until their usefulness appears."'

Chapter 62: Paying For Animals In Advance

It was narrated from Abu Rafi' that

the Prophet (ﷺ) asked a man to give as a loan a young camel and said: “When the camels of the Sadaqah come, we will pay you back.” When the camels came, he said: " O Abu Rafi', pay this man back for his Young camel." But all I could find was a seven-year-old camel or that which is better. I told the Prophet (ﷺ) and he said: "Give it to him, for the best of People are those who are best in repaying."

Sa'eed bin Hani' said

"I heard 'Irbad bin Sariyah say: 'I was with the Prophet (ﷺ) and a Bedouin said: "Pay me back for my young camel, and he gave him an older (i.e., better) camel." He said: 'O Messenger of Allah! It is older (i.e., better) than my camel.' The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'The best of people are those who are best in repaying."'

Chapter 63: Partnership And Profit Sharing

It was narrated that Sa'ib said to the Prophet (ﷺ)

"You were my partner during the Ignorance period and you were the best of partners, you did not contend or dispute."

It was narrated that 'Abdullah said

"Sa'd, 'Ammar and I entered into a partnership on the day of Badr, (agreeing to share) whatever was allotted to us. 'Ammar and I did not get anything, but Sa'd got two men (slaves)."

lt was narrated from Salih bin Suhaib that his father said

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'There are three things in which there is blessing: A sale with deferred payment; Muqaradhah (profit sharing); and mixing wheat with barley for one's house, but not for sale."'

Chapter 64: What A Man Is Entitled To Of His Son’s Property

It was narrated from 'Aishah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said

"The best of your provision is what you earn, and your children are part of what you earn. "

It was narrated from Jabir bin 'Abdullah that a man said

"O Messenger of Allah, I have wealth and a son, and my father wants to take all my wealth." He said: "You and your wealth belong to your father."

It was narrated from 'Amr bin Shu'aib, from his father, that his grandfather said

"A man came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and said: 'My father is taking all my wealth.' He said: 'You and your wealth belong to your father.' And the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Your children are among the best of your earnings, so eat from your wealth.’”

Chapter 65: What A Woman Is Entitled To Of Her Husband’s Wealth

It was narrated that 'Aishah said

'Hind came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, Abu Sufyan is a stingy man and he does not give me enough for me and my child, except for what I take from his wealth without him realizing.' He said: Take what is sufficient for you and your child, on a reasonable basis.' "

It was narrated from 'Aishah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said

"When a woman spends" and my father said: - "When a woman feeds (the poor) from her husband's house, without spending too much, she will have her reward, and he will be rewarded likewise because he earned it , and she will be rewarded for what she spent. The same applies to the storekeeper, without anything being detracted from their rewards.”

Shurahbil bin Muslim Al-Khawlani said

I heard Abu Umamah Al-Bahili say: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: " No woman should spend anything from her house without her husband's permission." They said: "O Messenger of Allah, not even food?" He said: "That is among the best of our wealth."