The Chapters on Business Transactions

كتاب التجارات

Chapter 68: The Prohibition Of Taking Something Without The Permission Of The Owner

Abu Hurairah said

“While we were with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on a journey, we saw some camels with their udders tied, among some thorny trees. We rushed towards it, but the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) called us and we came back to him. He said: 'These camels belong to a family of Muslims, and this is their support (and blessing) after Allah. Would you be happy if you went back to your vessels and found that what was in them had been taken away? Do you think that is fair?' They said: 'No.' He said: 'This is like that.' We said: 'What do you think if we are in need of food and drink?' He said: 'Eat but do not carry any away: drink but do not carry any away."'

Chapter 42: Sale of the Musarrah (animal whose udders were tied up)

'Abdullah bin 'Umar said

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever buys a Muhaffalah, (1) he has the choice (of annulling the deal) for three days. If he returns it, then he must also give wheat equal to twice, the amount of its milk, or equal to the amount of its milk."'

Chapter 46: Prohibition Of Seperating Caprives

It was narrated that 'Ali said

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) gave me two slaves who were brothers, and I sold one of them. He said: 'What happened with the two slaves?' I said: 'I sold one of them.' He said: 'Take him back."'

Chapter 48: Bartering And Excesses Not Permitted In Hand-To-Hand Exchange

It was narrated that Malik bin Aws bin Hadathan Nasri said

"I heard 'Umar bin Al-Khattab say: 'The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Exchanging gold for gold is usury unless it is done on the spot. (Exchanging) wheat for wheat is usury, unless it is done on the spot. (Exchanging) barley for barley is usury unless it is done on the spot. (Exchanging) dates for dates is usury, unless it is done on the spot."

Chapter 49: One Who Says That There Is No Usury Except In Credit

It was narrated that Abu Jawza' said

"I heard him meaning Ibn 'Abbas allowing exchange (of Dirhams for Dirham etc., if extra was given) and that was narrated from him. Then I heard that he has taken back this opinion. I met him in Makkah and said: 'I heard that you had taken back (your opinion).' He said: 'Yes. That was just my own opinion, but Abu Sa'eed narrated from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) that he forbade exchange (of like items if extra is given)."'

Chapter 52: Prohibition Of Breaking Dirham And Dinar

It was narrated from 'Alqamah bin 'Abdullah that his father said

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade breaking the coins of the Muslims that are in circulation among them, without any necessary reason.”(1)

Chapter 56: Selling Animals For Animals On Credit

It was narrated from Samurah bin Jundub that

the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade selling animals for animals on credit.

Chapter 59: Payment In Advance For A Known Amount Or A Known Weight To Be Delivered At A Known Time

It was narrated that Abu Mujalid said

"Abdullah bin Shaddad and Abu Barzah had a dispute about paying in advance. They sent me to 'Abdullah bin Abu Awfa to ask him about it. He said: 'We used to make payments in advance at the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and the time of Abu Bakr and 'Umar, for wheat, barley, raisins and dates, to people who did not yet possess those things.' I asked Ibn Abza, and he said something similar."

Chapter 61: If One Pays In Advance For A Specific Date Palm And It Does Not Yield Anything

It was narrated that Najrani said

"I said to 'Abdullah bin 'Umar: 'Can I pay in advance for a date palm before it bears fruit?' He said: 'No.' I said: 'Why not?' He said: 'A man paid in advance for a grove of trees during the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), before they had produced any fruit, and they did not bear anything that year. The purchaser said: 'They belong to me until they produce but the seller said: 'I only sold the trees to you for this year! They referred their dispute to the Messenger of Allah who said to the seller: 'Did he take anything from your date palms?' He said: 'No.' He said: 'Then why do you regard his wealth as lawful for You? Give back what you took from him, and do not take payment in advance for date palms until their usefulness appears."'

Chapter 64: What A Man Is Entitled To Of His Son’s Property

It was narrated from 'Aishah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said

"The best of your provision is what you earn, and your children are part of what you earn. "

Chapter 68: The Prohibition Of Taking Something Without The Permission Of The Owner

It was narrated from 'Abdullah bin 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stood up and said

"No one of you should milk from the livestock of another man without his permission. Would anyone of you like someone to break into his storeroom and take his food? The udders of their livestock store food for them, so none of you should milk the livestock of another man without his permission."

Chapter 69: Keeping Livestock

It was narrated that 'Urwah Al-Bariqi said in a Marfu’ report

"Camels are the pride of their owners, and sheep are a blessing, and goodness is tied to the forelocks of horses until the Day of Resurrection."

Chapter 40: Marketplaces And Entering Them

It was narrated that Abu Usaid said that

the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) went to the market of Nabit,[1] and looked at it, and said: "This is not a market for you." Then we went to another market and looked at it, and said: "This is not a market for you." Then he came back to this market and walked around in it then he said: "This is your market. It will always be your market and no duty will be levied on it." (Do,if)

Chapter 41: The Blessing That Is Hoped For When Starting One’s Day Early

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said

"O Allah, bless my nation early in the morning of Thursday.' "

It was narrated from Ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said

"O Allah, bless my nation early in the morning.' "

Chapter 42: Sale of the Musarrah (animal whose udders were tied up)

It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet (ﷺ) said

"O Allah, bless my nation in their early mornings.". It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever buys a Musarrah, he has the choice (of annulling the deal) for three days. If he returns it, then he must also give a Sa' of dates, not Samra'." Meaning wheat.

Chapter 45: One Who Sells Defective Goods Should Point Out The Defect

It was narrated that 'Uqbah bin 'Amir said

"I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'The Muslim is the brother of another Muslim, and it is not permissible for a Muslim to sell his brother goods in which there is a defect, without pointing that out to him."'

It was narrated that Wathilah bin Asqa' said

"I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'Whoever sells defective goods without pointing it out, he will remain subject to the wrath of Allah, and the angels will continue to curse him.'"

Chapter 46: Prohibition Of Seperating Caprives

It was narrated that Abu Musa said

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) cursed the one who separates a mother and her child, or a brother from his brother."

Chapter 48: Bartering And Excesses Not Permitted In Hand-To-Hand Exchange

Muslim bin Yasar and 'Abdullah bin 'Ubaid said

"Ubadah bin Samit and Mu'awiyah happened to meet, either in a church or in a synagogue. 'Ubadah bin Samit narrated to them and said: 'The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade us from selling silver for silver, gold for gold, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, and dates for dates.'I one of them said: "And salt for salt," but the other did not say it. "And he commanded us to sell wheat for barley, or barley for wheat, hand-to-hand, however we wished."