The Book on the Two Eids

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Ismail ibn Musa al-Fazari told us: Sharik told us, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Harith, from Ali ibn Abi Talib, who said: “It is part of the Sunnah to go out to the Eid prayer on foot and to eat something before setting out.” Abu Isa said: This hadith is hasan. Most scholars acted upon it and considered it recommended for a man to walk to the Eid prayer and to eat something before setting out for the Eid al-Fitr prayer. Abu Isa said: It is recommended not to ride unless one has an excuse.

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Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna told us: Abu Usamah told us, from Ubaydullah, namely Ubaydullah ibn Umar ibn Hafs ibn Asim ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, Abu Bakr, and Umar used to perform the Eid prayers before the sermon, then deliver the sermon. Reports on this subject are also related from Jabir and Ibn Abbas. Abu Isa said: The hadith of Ibn Umar is hasan sahih. The Companions of the Prophet and other scholars acted upon this, holding that the Eid prayers precede the sermon. It is said that the first to deliver the sermon before the prayer was Marwan ibn al-Hakam.

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Qutaybah told us: Abu al-Ahwas told us, from Simak ibn Harb, from Jabir ibn Samurah, who said: I prayed the two Eid prayers with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, more than once or twice, without either a call to prayer or a call announcing that the prayer was about to begin. Reports on this subject are also related from Jabir ibn Abdullah and Ibn Abbas. Abu Isa said: The hadith of Jabir ibn Samurah is hasan sahih. The Companions of the Prophet and other scholars acted upon it: no call to prayer is given for the two Eid prayers or for any voluntary prayer.

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Qutaybah told us: Abu Awanah told us, from Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn al-Muntashir, from his father, from Habib ibn Salim, from al-Numan ibn Bashir, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used to recite in the two Eid prayers and in Friday prayer “Glorify the name of your Lord, the Most High” and “Has the account of the Overwhelming Event come to you?” Sometimes the two occasions fell on the same day, and he recited both surahs. Reports on this subject are also related from Abu Waqid, Samurah ibn Jundub, and Ibn Abbas. Abu Isa said: The hadith of al-Numan ibn Bashir is hasan sahih. Sufyan al-Thawri and Mismar also narrated from Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn al-Muntashir a report similar to that of Abu Awanah. The narration of Sufyan ibn Uyaynah differs: it is reported from him through Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn al-Muntashir, from his father, from Habib ibn Salim, from his father, from al-Numan ibn Bashir. We know no narration of Habib ibn Salim from his father. Habib ibn Salim was the freedman of al-Numan ibn Bashir, and he narrated hadiths from al-Numan. A similar version to those narrations is also reported from Ibn Uyaynah, from Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn al-Muntashir. It is also narrated that the Prophet used to recite “The Hour has drawn near” in the two Eid prayers. This is the view of al-Shafii.

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Ishaq ibn Musa al-Ansari told us: Maan ibn Isa told us: Malik ibn Anas told us, from Damrah ibn Said al-Mazini, from Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah ibn Utbah, that Umar ibn al-Khattab asked Abu Waqid al-Laythi what the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, used to recite at Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. He replied that he used to recite “Qaf. By the Glorious Quran” and “The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has split.” Abu Isa said: This hadith is hasan sahih.

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Hannad told us: Sufyan ibn Uyaynah told us, from Damrah ibn Said, with this chain, a report similar to it. Abu Isa said: Abu Waqid al-Laythi was named al-Harith ibn Awf.

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Muslim ibn Amr Abu Amr al-Hadhdha al-Madani told us: Abdullah ibn Nafi al-Saigh told us, from Kathir ibn Abdullah, from his father, from his grandfather, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said the takbirs in the two Eid prayers: seven in the first unit before recitation and five in the second before recitation. Reports on this subject are also related from Aishah, Ibn Umar, and Abdullah ibn Amr. Abu Isa said: The hadith of Kathir grandfather is hasan, and it is the best report narrated from the Prophet on this subject. His name was Amr ibn Awf al-Muzani. Some scholars among the Companions and others acted upon this. It is similarly narrated that Abu Hurayrah prayed this way in Medina; this is the view of the people of Medina, and the view of Malik ibn Anas, al-Shafii, Ahmad, and Ishaq. It is narrated from Abdullah ibn Masud that he said there are nine takbirs in the two Eid prayers: five in the first unit before recitation, and in the second unit one begins with recitation then says four takbirs, including the takbir for bowing. Similar reports are narrated from more than one Companion. This is the view of the people of Kufa and of Sufyan al-Thawri.

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Mahmud ibn Ghaylan told us: Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi told us: Shubah informed us, from Adi ibn Thabit, who said: I heard Said ibn Jubayr narrate from Ibn Abbas that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, went out on Eid al-Fitr and prayed two units, performing no prayer before or after them. Reports on this subject are also related from Abdullah ibn Umar, Abdullah ibn Amr, and Abu Said. Abu Isa said: The hadith of Ibn Abbas is hasan sahih. Some scholars among the Companions and others acted upon it; this is the view of al-Shafii, Ahmad, and Ishaq. A group of scholars among the Companions and others considered prayer before or after the two Eid prayers permissible, but the first view is sounder.

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Abu Ammar al-Husayn ibn Hurayth told us: Waki told us, from Aban ibn Abdullah al-Bajali, from Abu Bakr ibn Hafs, namely Ibn Umar ibn Sad ibn Abi Waqqas, from Ibn Umar, that he went out on an Eid day and performed no prayer before or after it, mentioning that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, had done the same. Abu Isa said: This hadith is hasan sahih.

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Ahmad ibn Mani told us: Hushaym informed us: Mansur, namely Ibn Zadhan, informed us, from Ibn Sirin, from Umm Atiyyah, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, used to bring out the unmarried young women, mature women, and women secluded in their homes, as well as menstruating women, for the two Eid prayers. The menstruating women would keep away from the prayer place but witness the Muslims supplication. One of them said: Messenger of Allah, what if she does not have an outer garment? He replied: “Let her sister lend her one of her outer garments.”

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Ahmad ibn Mani told us: Hushaym told us, from Hisham ibn Hassan, from Hafsah bint Sirin, from Umm Atiyyah, with a similar report. Reports on this subject are also related from Ibn Abbas and Jabir. Abu Isa said: The hadith of Umm Atiyyah is hasan sahih. Some scholars adopted this hadith and allowed women to go out to the two Eid prayers, while others considered it disliked. It is narrated from Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak that he said: These days I consider it disliked for women to go out to the two Eid prayers. If a woman insists on going, her husband should allow her to go in worn, old clothes, without adorning herself. If she refuses to go in that manner, her husband may prevent her from going out. It is also related from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, that she said: If the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, had seen what women have introduced, he would have prevented them from the mosque just as the women of the Children of Israel were prevented. It is also narrated that Sufyan al-Thawri considered it disliked for women to go out to the Eid prayer.

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Abd al-Ala ibn Wasil ibn Abd al-Ala al-Kufi and Abu Zurah told us, both saying: Muhammad ibn al-Salt told us, from Fulayh ibn Sulayman, from Said ibn al-Harith, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: On the day of Eid, when the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, went out by one route, he would return by another. Reports on this subject are also related from Abdullah ibn Umar and Abu Rafi. Abu Isa said: The hadith of Abu Hurayrah is hasan gharib. Abu Tumaylah and Yunus ibn Muhammad narrated it from Fulayh ibn Sulayman, from Said ibn al-Harith, from Jabir ibn Abdullah. Some scholars considered it recommended for the imam to take a different route on the way back, following this hadith; this is the view of al-Shafii. The hadith of Jabir seems sounder.

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Al-Hasan ibn al-Sabbah al-Bazzar al-Baghdadi told us: Abd al-Samad ibn Abd al-Warith told us, from Thawab ibn Utbah, from Abdullah ibn Buraydah, from his father, who said: On Eid al-Fitr, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, would not go out until he had eaten; on Eid al-Adha, he would not eat until he had prayed. Reports on this subject are also related from Ali and Anas. Abu Isa said: The hadith of Buraydah ibn al-Husayb al-Aslami is gharib. Muhammad said: I know no other hadith from Thawab ibn Utbah. Some scholars considered it recommended not to go out on Eid al-Fitr until one has eaten something, preferably dates, and not to eat on Eid al-Adha until returning.

Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.

Qutaybah told us: Hushaym told us, from Muhammad ibn Ishaq, from Hafs ibn Ubaydullah ibn Anas, from Anas ibn Malik, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, would break his fast with some dates on Eid al-Fitr before going out to the prayer place. Abu Isa said: This hadith is hasan gharib sahih.