General Behavior (Kitab Al-Adab)

‘Amr ibn ‘Awn narrated to us; Ibn al-Mubarak informed us, from Haywah ibn Shurayh, from Salim ibn Ghilan, from al-Walid ibn Qays, from Abu Sa‘id—or from Abu al-Haytham, from Abu Sa‘id—from the Prophet ﷺ, who said, ‘Keep company only with a believer, and let only a God-fearing person eat your food.’

Ibn Bashshar narrated to us; Abu ‘Amir and Abu Dawud said: Zuhayr ibn Muhammad narrated to us, saying: Musa ibn Wardhan told me, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Prophet ﷺ said, ‘A man follows the way of life of his close friend, so let each of you consider whom he takes as a close friend.’

Harun ibn Zayd ibn Abi al-Zarqa narrated to us; my father narrated to us; Ja‘far—meaning Ibn Burqan—narrated to us, from Yazid—meaning Ibn al-Asamm—from Abu Hurayrah, attributing it to the Prophet ﷺ, who said, ‘Souls are gathered in companies: those that recognize one another become close, and those that are unfamiliar with one another remain at odds.’

‘Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us; Abu Usamah narrated to us; Burayd ibn ‘Abd Allah narrated to us, from his grandfather Abu Burdah, from Abu Musa, who said: Whenever the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent one of his Companions on an errand, he would say, ‘Give people glad tidings; do not drive them away. Make things easy; do not make them difficult.’

Musaddad narrated to us; Yahya narrated to us, from Sufyan, who said: Ibrahim ibn al-Muhajir told me, from Mujahid, from the business partner of al-Sa’ib, from al-Sa’ib, who said: I came to the Prophet ﷺ, and people began praising me and speaking well of me. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ‘I know you’—meaning, he knew him. I said, ‘May my father and mother be sacrificed for you! You were my business partner, and what an excellent partner you were: you neither dealt evasively nor argued.’

‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Yahya al-Harrani narrated to us: Muhammad—meaning Ibn Salamah—told me, from Muhammad ibn Ishaq, from Ya‘qub ibn ‘Utbah, from ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, from Yusuf ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Salam, from his father, who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sat speaking, he often raised his gaze toward the sky.

Muhammad ibn al-‘Ala narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Bishr narrated to us, from Mis‘ar, who said: I heard a shaykh in the mosque say: I heard Jabir ibn ‘Abd Allah say, ‘The Messenger of Allah ﷺ spoke in a measured—or flowing—manner.’

‘Uthman and Abu Bakr, the two sons of Abu Shaybah, said: Waki‘ narrated to us, from Sufyan, from Usamah, from al-Zuhri, from ‘Urwah, from ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ spoke distinctly, so that everyone who heard him could understand him.

Abu Tawbah narrated to us, saying: Al-Walid claimed—from al-Awza‘i, from Qurrah, from al-Zuhri, from Abu Salamah, from Abu Hurayrah—that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ‘Any speech that does not begin with praise of Allah is maimed.’ Abu Dawud said: Yunus, ‘Uqayl, Shu‘ayb, and Sa‘id ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz also transmitted it from al-Zuhri, from the Prophet ﷺ, as a mursal report (with the Companion omitted from the chain).

Musaddad and Musa ibn Isma‘il said: ‘Abd al-Wahid ibn Ziyad narrated to us; ‘Asim ibn Kulayb narrated to us, from his father, from Abu Hurayrah, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said, ‘Every sermon that contains no testimony of faith is like a severed hand.’

Yahya ibn Isma‘il and Ibn Abi Khalaf said: Yahya ibn al-Yaman informed them, from Sufyan, from Habib ibn Abi Thabit, from Maymun ibn Abi Shabib, that a beggar passed by ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, and she gave him a piece of bread. Then a man passed by, well dressed and of fine appearance, so she seated him and he ate. When she was asked about this, she said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had said: Treat people according to their standing. Abu Dawud said: Yahya’s version is abbreviated. Abu Dawud also said: Maymun did not meet ‘A’ishah.

Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Sawwaf narrated to us; ‘Abd Allah ibn Humran narrated to us; ‘Awf ibn Abi Jamilah informed us, from Ziyad ibn Mikhraq, from Abu Kinanah, from Abu Musa al-Ash‘ari, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ‘Part of honoring Allah is honoring an elderly Muslim, a bearer of the Qur’an who is neither excessive in it nor neglectful of it, and a just ruler.’

Muhammad ibn ‘Ubayd and Ahmad ibn ‘Abdah said—with the same meaning: Hammad narrated to us; ‘Amir al-Ahwal narrated to us, from ‘Amr ibn Shu‘ayb—according to Ibn ‘Abdah—from his father, from his grandfather, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ‘No one should sit between two people without their permission.’

Sulayman ibn Dawud al-Mahri narrated to us; Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Usamah ibn Zayd al-Laythi told me, from ‘Amr ibn Shu‘ayb, from his father, from ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr, from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said, ‘It is not lawful for anyone to separate two people without their permission.’

Salamah ibn Shabib narrated to us; ‘Abd Allah ibn Ibrahim narrated to us, saying: Ishaq ibn Muhammad al-Ansari told me, from Rubayh ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman, from his father, from his grandfather Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri, that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sat, he drew his knees up and clasped them with his hands. Abu Dawud said: ‘Abd Allah ibn Ibrahim was a shaykh whose reports were objectionable.

Hafs ibn ‘Umar and Musa ibn Isma‘il said: ‘Abd Allah ibn Hassan al-‘Anbari narrated to us, saying: My two grandmothers, Safiyyah and Duhaybah, daughters of ‘Ulaybah—Musa said: daughter of Harmalah—told me. They were the stepdaughters of Qaylah bint Makhramah, who was their father’s grandmother. She told them that she had seen the Prophet ﷺ sitting with his knees drawn up. When I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sitting humbly in that posture—Musa’s version says, ‘sitting in a humble posture’—I trembled with fear.

‘Ali ibn Bahr narrated to us; ‘Isa ibn Yunus narrated to us; Ibn Jurayj narrated to us, from Ibrahim ibn Maysarah, from ‘Amr ibn al-Sharid, from his father al-Sharid ibn Suwayd, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed by me while I was sitting like this, with my left hand behind my back and leaning on the fleshy base of that hand. He said, ‘Are you sitting in the posture of those who have incurred [Allah’s] anger?’

Musaddad narrated to us; Yahya narrated to us, from ‘Awf, who said: Abu al-Minhal told me, from Abu Barzah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to forbid sleeping before the night prayer and talking after it.

‘Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us; Abu Dawud al-Hafari narrated to us; Sufyan al-Thawri narrated to us, from Simak ibn Harb, from Jabir ibn Samurah, who said: After praying the dawn prayer, the Prophet ﷺ would sit cross-legged where he had prayed until the sun had risen brightly.

Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us; Abu Mu‘awiyah—meaning Ibn Salamah—narrated to us, from al-A‘mash. [The chain continues:] Musaddad narrated to us; ‘Isa ibn Yunus narrated to us; al-A‘mash narrated to us, from Shaqiq, from ‘Abd Allah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ‘When two people speak privately apart from a third, they cause him grief.’