General Behavior (Kitab Al-Adab)

Musaddad narrated to us; Sufyan narrated to us, from Abu al-Zinad, from al-A‘raj, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Prophet ﷺ said, ‘Among the worst of people is the two-faced person, who approaches these people with one face and those people with another.’

Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us; Sharik narrated to us, from al-Rukayn ibn al-Rabi‘, from Nu‘aym ibn Hanzalah, from ‘Ammar, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ‘Whoever has two faces in this world will have two tongues of fire on the Day of Resurrection.’

‘Abd Allah ibn Maslamah al-Qa‘nabi narrated to us; ‘Abd al-‘Aziz—meaning Ibn Muhammad—narrated to us, from al-‘Ala’, from his father, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked, ‘Messenger of Allah, what is backbiting?’ He replied, ‘It is your speaking about your brother in a way he would dislike.’ He was asked, ‘What if what I say about him is true?’ He replied, ‘If what you say is true, you have backbitten him; if it is not true, you have slandered him.’

Musaddad narrated to us; Yahya narrated to us, from Sufyan, who said: ‘Ali ibn al-Aqmar told me, from Abu Hudhayfah, from ‘A’ishah, who said: I said to the Prophet ﷺ, ‘Safiyyah is such and such.’ Someone other than Musaddad explained: She meant that Safiyyah was short. He said, ‘You have uttered a word that, if mixed into the sea, would alter it.’ She said: I imitated someone in front of him, and he said, ‘I would not like to imitate anyone, even if I were given such and such.’

Muhammad ibn ‘Awf narrated to us; Abu al-Yaman narrated to us; Shu‘ayb narrated to us; ‘Abd Allah ibn Abi Husayn narrated to us; Nawfal ibn Musahiq narrated to us, from Sa‘id ibn Zayd, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said, ‘Among the gravest forms of usury is attacking a Muslim’s honor unjustly.’

Ja‘far ibn Musafir narrated to us; ‘Amr ibn Abi Salamah narrated to us, saying: Zuhayr narrated to us, from al-‘Ala’ ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman, from his father, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ‘Among the gravest major sins is a person’s unjust attack on the honor of a Muslim man; and among major sins is returning two insults for one insult.’

Ibn al-Musaffa narrated to us; Baqiyyah and Abu al-Mughirah said: Safwan narrated to us, saying: Rashid ibn Sa‘d and ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Jubayr told me, from Anas ibn Malik, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ‘During my Ascension, I passed by people with copper nails who were scratching their faces and chests. I asked Gabriel who they were. He replied that they were people who consumed the flesh of others and attacked their honor.’ Abu Dawud said: Yahya ibn ‘Uthman also narrated it to us from Baqiyyah, without mentioning Anas.

‘Isa ibn Abi ‘Isa al-Saylahini narrated from Abu al-Mughirah, as Ibn al-Musaffa said.

‘Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us; al-Aswad ibn ‘Amir narrated to us; Abu Bakr ibn ‘Ayyash narrated to us, from al-A‘mash, from Sa‘id ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Jurayj, from Abu Barzah al-Aslami, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ‘O people who professed faith with their tongues, but faith has not entered their hearts: do not backbite Muslims or seek out their private faults. Whoever pursues their faults, Allah will pursue his faults; and whoever has his faults pursued by Allah will be disgraced, even in his own home.’

Haywah ibn Shurayh al-Misri narrated to us; Baqiyyah narrated to us, from Ibn Thawban, from his father, from Makhul, from Waqqas ibn Rabi‘ah, from al-Mustawrid, who related that the Prophet ﷺ said, ‘Whoever obtains a meal by wronging a Muslim, Allah will feed him its like from Hell. Whoever obtains a garment by wronging a Muslim, Allah will clothe him with its like from Hell. And whoever takes a position through a Muslim to gain a reputation and show off, Allah will place him in a position of reputation and show on the Day of Resurrection.’

Wasir ibn ‘Abd al-A‘la narrated to us; Asbat ibn Muhammad narrated to us, from Hisham ibn Sa‘d, from Zayd ibn Aslam, from Abu Salih, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ‘A Muslim’s property, honor, and blood are inviolable to another Muslim. It is sufficient evil for a person to despise his Muslim brother.’

‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Asma’ ibn ‘Ubayd narrated to us; Ibn al-Mubarak narrated to us, from Yahya ibn Ayyub, from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sulayman, from Isma‘il ibn Yahya al-Ma‘afiri, from Sahl ibn Mu‘adh ibn Anas al-Juhani, from his father, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said, ‘Whoever shields a believer from a hypocrite—I think he said: Allah will send an angel to shield his flesh from the Fire of Hell on the Day of Resurrection. And whoever accuses a Muslim of something intending to disgrace him, Allah will hold him on the Bridge over Hell until he is cleared of what he said.’

Ishaq ibn al-Sabbah narrated to us; Ibn Abi Maryam narrated to us; al-Layth informed us, saying: Yahya ibn Sulaym told me that he heard Isma‘il ibn Bashir say: I heard Jabir ibn ‘Abd Allah and Abu Talhah ibn Sahl al-Ansari say that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ‘No one abandons a Muslim where his sanctity is being violated and his honor diminished except that Allah abandons him in a place where he longs for help. And no one supports a Muslim where his honor is being diminished and his sanctity violated except that Allah supports him in a place where he longs for help.’ Yahya said: ‘Ubayd Allah ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Umar and ‘Uqbah ibn Shaddad also related this to me. Abu Dawud said: This Yahya ibn Sulaym is Ibn Zayd, the client of the Prophet ﷺ, and Isma‘il ibn Bashir is the client of Banu Maghalah. ‘Utbah ibn Shaddad has also been mentioned in place of ‘Uqbah.

‘Ali ibn Nasr narrated to us; ‘Abd al-Samad ibn ‘Abd al-Warith informed us, from his book, saying: My father told me; al-Jurayri narrated to us, from Abu ‘Abd Allah al-Jushami, who said: Jundub told us: A Bedouin came, made his riding camel kneel and tethered it, then entered the mosque and prayed behind the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave the closing salutation, the man went to his camel, untied it, mounted it, and called out, ‘O Allah, have mercy on me and Muhammad, and include no one else in our mercy.’ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ‘Which of the two is more astray, he or his camel? Have you not heard what he said?’ They replied, ‘Yes.’

Muhammad ibn ‘Ubayd narrated to us; Ibn Thawr narrated to us, from Ma‘mar, from Qatadah, who said: Is one of you unable to be like Abu Daygham—or Damdam; Ibn ‘Ubayd was unsure—who, each morning, would say, ‘O Allah, I have given my honor in charity to Your servants?’

Musa ibn Isma‘il narrated to us; Hammad narrated to us, from Thabit, from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Ajlan, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ‘Is one of you unable to be like Abu Damdam?’ They asked, ‘Who was Abu Damdam?’ He replied, ‘A man among those who came before you.’ He mentioned a report with the same meaning, saying, ‘My honor is for whoever insults me.’ Abu Dawud said: Hashim ibn al-Qasim also narrated it from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-‘Ammi, from Thabit, who said: Anas narrated to us from the Prophet ﷺ, with the same meaning. Abu Dawud said: Hammad’s report is more sound.

‘Isa ibn Muhammad al-Ramli and Ibn ‘Awf said—and this is Ibn ‘Awf’s wording: al-Firyabi narrated to us, from Sufyan, from Thawr, from Rashid ibn Sa‘d, from Mu‘awiyah, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, ‘If you pursue people’s private faults, you will corrupt them—or nearly corrupt them.’ Abu al-Darda’ said: This was a saying Mu‘awiyah heard from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and through it Allah benefited him.

Sa‘id ibn ‘Amr al-Hadrami narrated to us; Isma‘il ibn ‘Ayyash narrated to us; Damdam ibn Zur‘ah narrated to us, from Shurayh ibn ‘Ubayd, from Jubayr ibn Nufayr, Kathir ibn Murrah, ‘Amr ibn al-Aswad, al-Miqdam ibn Ma‘dikarib, and Abu Umamah, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said, ‘When a ruler seeks grounds for suspicion against the people, he corrupts them.’

Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us; Abu Mu‘awiyah narrated to us, from al-A‘mash, from Zayd ibn Wahb, who said: A man was brought before Ibn Mas‘ud, and someone said, ‘This is so-and-so, with wine dripping from his beard.’ ‘Abd Allah said, ‘We have been forbidden to pry into people’s faults. If something becomes evident to us, we will act on that basis.’

Muslim ibn Ibrahim narrated to us; ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak narrated to us, from Ibrahim ibn Nashit, from Ka‘b ibn ‘Alqamah, from Abu al-Haytham, from ‘Uqbah ibn ‘Amir, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said, ‘Whoever sees a private fault and conceals it is like one who brings a girl buried alive back to life.’