Jihad (Kitab Al-Jihad)

Buraydah reported that the Messenger of Allah said, “Those who remain at home must show the wives of those striving in Allahs path the same respect due to their own mothers. If a man who stays behind is entrusted with the family of someone striving in Allahs path and betrays that trust, he will be brought on the Day of Resurrection, and the one who went forth will be told that this man was entrusted with your family; take whatever you wish from his good deeds.” The Messenger of Allah turned toward us and said, “What do you think?” Abu Dawud added that Qanab was a righteous man. Ibn Abi Layla wanted to appoint him as a judge, but Qanab refused, saying, “When I need a single dirham, I seek another persons help to obtain it.” Ibn Abi Layla replied, “Who among us does not seek help with his needs?” Qanab asked to be taken outside so he could look around. He was taken out and went into hiding. Sufyan said that while he was hiding, the house collapsed on him and he died.

Abdullah ibn Amr reported that the Messenger of Allah said, “Whenever a raiding party sets out in the path of Allah and gains spoils, they have received two thirds of their reward in the Hereafter in advance, while one third remains for them. If they gain no spoils, their reward is complete.”

Muadh ibn Anas al-Juhani reported that the Messenger of Allah said, “The reward for prayer, fasting, and remembrance is multiplied seven hundred times over the reward for spending in the path of Allah.”

Abu Malik al-Ashari reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah say, “Whoever sets out in the path of Allah and dies or is killed is a martyr. If his horse or camel throws him and breaks his neck, if a venomous creature stings him, if he dies in his bed, or if he dies by any manner Allah wills, he is a martyr and will enter Paradise.”

Sa'id ibn Mansur narrated to us; Abdullah ibn Wahb narrated to us; Abu Hani narrated to me, from Amr ibn Malik, from Fadalah ibn Ubayd, that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ‘When a person dies, his deeds are sealed, except for the one engaged in ribat; his deeds continue to grow until the Day of Resurrection, and he is protected from the trial of the grave.’

Abu Tawbah narrated to us; Mu'awiyah narrated to us—meaning Ibn Sallam—from Zayd—meaning Ibn Sallam—that he heard Abu Sallam say: Sululi Abu Kabshah narrated to me that Sahl ibn al-Hanzaliyyah told him that they travelled with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on the day of Hunayn. They travelled at length until evening came. I attended the prayer with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), when a horseman came and said: ‘Messenger of Allah, I went ahead of you and climbed such-and-such a mountain. There I found Hawazin gathered together with all their people, their women in litters, their livestock, and their sheep; they had assembled at Hunayn.’ The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) smiled and said: ‘That will be the Muslims’ spoils tomorrow, if Allah wills.’ Then he said: ‘Who will keep watch for us tonight?’ Anas ibn Abu Marthad al-Ghanawi said: ‘I will, Messenger of Allah.’ He said: ‘Then mount up.’ He mounted a horse of his and came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to him: ‘Go to this ravine and take up position at its upper end, and let us not be taken by surprise from your direction tonight.’ When morning came, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) went out to his prayer place, performed two rak'ahs, and then said: ‘Have you seen any sign of your horseman?’ They said: ‘We have not, Messenger of Allah.’ The call to prayer was then made, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) began to pray, glancing toward the ravine. When he had completed his prayer and given the salutation, he said: ‘Rejoice, for your horseman has come.’ We began looking through the trees in the ravine, and there he was; he came and stood before the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), greeted him, and said: ‘I went on until I reached the upper part of this ravine, where the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had ordered me to be. When morning came, I looked down into both ravines, but I saw no one.’ The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to him: ‘Did you come down during the night?’ He said: ‘No, except to pray or attend to a need.’ The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to him: ‘You have secured the promised reward; you will bear no blame if you do no further deeds after this.’

Abdah ibn Sulayman al-Marwazi narrated to us; Ibn al-Mubarak informed us; Wuhaib informed us—Abdah said, meaning Ibn al-Ward—and Umar ibn Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir informed me, from Sumayy, from Abu Salih, from Abu Hurayrah, from the Prophet (ﷺ), who said: ‘Whoever dies without having gone on an expedition and without having resolved within himself to go on an expedition dies with a branch of hypocrisy.’

Amr ibn Uthman narrated to us—and I read it to Yazid ibn Abd Rabbih al-Jurjusi—and they both said: Al-Walid ibn Muslim narrated to us, from Yahya ibn al-Harith, from al-Qasim Abu Abd al-Rahman, from Abu Umamah, from the Prophet (ﷺ), who said: ‘Whoever neither goes on an expedition, nor equips someone going on an expedition, nor takes good care of an expeditionary’s family in his absence, Allah will strike him with a calamity.’ Yazid ibn Abd Rabbih added in his narration: ‘before the Day of Resurrection.’

Musa ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Hammad narrated to us, from Humayd, from Anas, that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: ‘Strive against the polytheists with your wealth, your persons, and your tongues.’

Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Marwazi narrated to me; Ali ibn al-Husayn narrated to me, from his father, from Yazid al-Nahwi, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, who said: ‘The verse, “Unless you go forth, He will punish you with a painful punishment,” and “It was not for the people of Medina” through His words “they work,” was abrogated by the verse that follows it: “It is not for the believers to go forth all together.”’

Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us; Zayd ibn al-Hubab narrated to us, from Abd al-Mu'min ibn Khalid al-Hanafi, who said: Najdah ibn Nufay' told me: I asked Ibn Abbas about this verse, ‘Unless you go forth, He will punish you with a painful punishment.’ He said: ‘Rain was withheld from them, and that was their punishment.’

Sa'id ibn Mansur narrated to us; Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi al-Zinad narrated to us, from his father, from Kharijah ibn Zayd, from Zayd ibn Thabit, who said: I was beside the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) when a state of calm descended upon him. The Messenger of Allah's (ﷺ) thigh came to rest on my thigh, and I had never felt anything heavier than the Messenger of Allah's (ﷺ) thigh. Then that state passed, and he said: ‘Write.’ I wrote on a shoulder blade: ‘Those believers who remain behind are not equal to those who strive in the way of Allah’—through to the end of the verse. Ibn Umm Maktum, who was blind, stood up when he heard the excellence accorded to those who strive and said: ‘Messenger of Allah, what about those believers who are unable to strive?’ When he had finished speaking, a state of calm descended upon the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) again, and his thigh came to rest on mine. I felt its weight the second time just as I had the first. Then that state passed from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and he said: ‘Read, Zayd.’ I read, ‘Those believers who remain behind are not equal…’ The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) then said: ‘Except those with disabilities’—the entire verse. Zayd said: ‘Allah revealed that phrase separately, and I appended it. By Him in Whose hand is my soul, it is as if I can see where it was appended, beside a crack in the shoulder blade.’

Musa ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Hammad narrated to us, from Humayd, from Musa ibn Anas ibn Malik, from his father, that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ‘You have left people behind in Medina who are with you on every journey you undertake, every expenditure you make, and every valley you cross.’ They said: ‘Messenger of Allah, how can they be with us when they are in Medina?’ He replied: ‘An excuse has kept them back.’

Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Abi al-Hajjaj Abu Ma'mar narrated to us; Abd al-Warith narrated to us; al-Husayn narrated to us; Yahya narrated to me; Abu Salamah narrated to me; Busr ibn Sa'id narrated to me; Zayd ibn Khalid al-Juhani narrated to me that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ‘Whoever equips someone setting out in the way of Allah has himself gone on the expedition, and whoever takes good care of his family in his absence has himself gone on the expedition.’

Sa'id ibn Mansur narrated to us; Ibn Wahb informed us; Amr ibn al-Harith informed me, from Yazid ibn Abi Habib, from Yazid ibn Abi Sa'id, the client of al-Mahri, from his father, from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent an expedition to Banu Lihyan and said: ‘Let one man go forth for every two men.’ He then said to those who remained behind: ‘Whoever among you takes good care of the man who goes forth—his family and property—will have half the reward of the man who goes forth.’

Abdullah ibn al-Jarrah narrated to us, from Abdullah ibn Yazid, from Musa ibn Ulayy ibn Rabah, from his father, from Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan, who said: I heard Abu Hurayrah say: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: ‘The worst traits in a man are grasping avarice that overwhelms him and cowardice that unmans him.’

Ahmad ibn Amr ibn al-Sarh narrated to us; Ibn Wahb narrated to us, from Haywah ibn Shurayh and Ibn Lahi'ah, from Yazid ibn Abi Habib, from Aslam Abu Imran, who said: We set out from Medina on an expedition, intending to reach Constantinople. Abd al-Rahman ibn Khalid ibn al-Walid was in command of the force, and the Romans had their backs pressed against the city's wall. A man charged at the enemy, and the people said: ‘Hold on! Hold on! There is no god but Allah; he is throwing himself into destruction!’ Abu Ayyub said: ‘This verse was revealed concerning us, the Ansar, when Allah had supported His Prophet and made Islam prevail. We said: “Let us stay among our property and put it in order.” Then Allah, Exalted is He, revealed: “Spend in the way of Allah, and do not cast yourselves with your own hands into destruction.” Thus, casting oneself into destruction meant staying among our property to put it in order and abandoning the expedition.’ Abu Imran said: Abu Ayyub continued striving in the way of Allah until he was buried in Constantinople.

Sa'id ibn Mansur narrated to us; Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak narrated to us; Abd al-Rahman ibn Yazid ibn Jabir narrated to me; Abu Sallam narrated to me, from Khalid ibn Zayd, from Uqbah ibn Amir, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: ‘By means of a single arrow, Allah, Mighty and Majestic, admits three people to Paradise: its maker, who seeks good through making it; the one who shoots it; and the one who hands it to the shooter. Shoot and ride; shooting is dearer to me than riding. Nothing is amusement except three things: a man's training of his horse, his playing with his wife, and his shooting with his bow and arrows. Whoever gives up shooting after learning it, out of aversion to it, has abandoned a blessing’—or he said: ‘has been ungrateful for it.’

Sa'id ibn Mansur narrated to us; Abdullah ibn Wahb narrated to us; Amr ibn al-Harith informed me, from Abu Ali—Thumamah ibn Shufa al-Hamdani—that he heard Uqbah ibn Amir al-Juhani say: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), while he was on the pulpit, say: ‘“Prepare against them whatever strength you are able.” Indeed, strength is archery. Indeed, strength is archery. Indeed, strength is archery.’

Haywah ibn Shurayh al-Hadrami narrated to us; Baqiyyah narrated to us; Buhayr narrated to me, from Khalid ibn Ma'dan, from Abu Bahriyyah, from Mu'adh ibn Jabal, from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), who said: ‘Expeditions are of two kinds. As for the one who seeks Allah's pleasure, obeys the leader, spends his valued property, is accommodating toward his companion, and avoids corruption, all of his sleep and wakefulness are reward. As for the one who goes on an expedition out of pride, to show off and gain a reputation, disobeys the leader, and spreads corruption in the land, he has not returned with anything sufficient to offset it.’