Jihad (Kitab Al-Jihad)

Hannad related to us, from Ibn al-Mubarak, from Ikrimah ibn Ammar, from Iyas ibn Salamah, from his father, who said: ‘We went on an expedition with Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and our battle cry was “Kill! Kill!”’

Muhammad ibn Kathir informed us; Sufyan informed us, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufrah, who said: Someone who had heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) informed me that he said: ‘If you are attacked at night, let your battle cry be “Ha Mim: they will not be helped.”’

Musaddad related to us; Yahya related to us; Muhammad ibn Ajlan related to us; Sa'id al-Maqburi narrated to me, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) travelled, he would say: ‘O Allah, You are the Companion on the journey and the Guardian over the family. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the hardships of travel, a sorrowful return, and seeing harm come to my family and property. O Allah, fold the earth for us and make the journey easy for us.’

Al-Hasan ibn Ali related to us; Abd al-Razzaq related to us; Ibn Jurayj informed us; Abu al-Zubayr informed me that Ali al-Azdi told him that Ibn Umar taught him: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) mounted his camel to set out on a journey, he would say ‘Allah is the Greatest’ three times, then say: ‘Glory be to Him who has subjected this to us, for we could not have subdued it ourselves; and indeed, to our Lord we shall return.’ He would then say: ‘O Allah, we ask You on this journey of ours for righteousness, piety, and deeds that please You. O Allah, make this journey easy for us; O Allah, shorten the distance for us. O Allah, You are the Companion on the journey and the Guardian over the family and property.’ When he returned, he would say the same words and add: ‘We return, repentant, worshipping our Lord and praising Him.’ When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his armies ascended mountain passes, they would say ‘Allah is the Greatest,’ and when they descended, they would glorify Allah. The prayer was set according to this pattern.’

Musaddad narrated to us: ‘Abd Allah ibn Dawud narrated to us, from ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn ‘Umar, from Isma‘il ibn Jarir, from Qaza‘ah, who said: Ibn ‘Umar said to me, “Come; I shall bid you farewell as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ bid me farewell: ‘I entrust to Allah your religion, your trust, and the final deeds of yours.’”

Al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali narrated to us: Yahya ibn Ishaq al-Saylahini narrated to us: Hammad ibn Salamah narrated to us, from Abu Ja‘far al-Khatmi, from Muhammad ibn Ka‘b, from ‘Abd Allah al-Khatmi, who said: When the Prophet ﷺ wished to bid farewell to an army, he would say: ‘I entrust to Allah your religion, your trust, and the final deeds of yours.’

Musaddad narrated to us: Abu al-Ahwas narrated to us: Abu Ishaq al-Hamdani narrated to us, from ‘Ali ibn Rabi‘ah, who said: I was present with ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, when a riding animal was brought to him. When he placed his foot in the stirrup, he said, “In the name of Allah.” When he had settled on its back, he said, “Praise be to Allah.” Then he said, “Glory be to Him who has subjected this to us, though we could not have subdued it; and indeed, to our Lord we are surely returning.” Then he said, “Praise be to Allah” three times, and then, “Allah is greatest” three times. Then he said, “Glory be to You. I have wronged myself, so forgive me, for no one forgives sins but You.” Then he laughed. He was asked, “Commander of the Believers, what made you laugh?” He replied, “I saw the Prophet ﷺ do as I have done, then laugh. I said, ‘Messenger of Allah, what made you laugh?’ He replied: ‘Your Lord marvels at His servant when he says, “Forgive my sins,” knowing that no one but I forgives sins.’”

‘Amr ibn ‘Uthman narrated to us: Baqiyyah narrated to us: Safwan narrated to me: Shurayh ibn ‘Ubayd narrated to me, from al-Zubayr ibn al-Walid, from ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Umar, who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ travelled and night came on, he would say: “O earth, my Lord and your Lord is Allah. I seek refuge in Allah from your evil, from the evil of what is in you, from the evil of what has been created in you, and from the evil of what moves upon you. I seek refuge in Allah from a lion and a black snake, from the snake and the scorpion, from the inhabitant of the settlement, and from a parent and what it has borne.”’

Ahmad ibn Abi Shu‘ayb al-Harrani narrated to us: Zuhayr narrated to us: Abu al-Zubayr narrated to us, from Jabir, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Do not send your roaming livestock out when the sun has set until the deep darkness of nightfall has passed, for devils roam about when the sun has set until the deep darkness of nightfall has passed.” Abu Dawud said: “Al-fawashi refers to whatever spreads out among things.”

Sa‘id ibn Mansur narrated to us: ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak narrated to us, from Yunus ibn Yazid, from al-Zuhri, from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Ka‘b ibn Malik, from Ka‘b ibn Malik, who said: “Rarely did the Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out on a journey on a day other than Thursday.”

Sa‘id ibn Mansur narrated to us: Hushaym narrated to us: Ya‘la ibn ‘Ata’ narrated to us: ‘Umarah ibn Hadid narrated to us, from Sakhr al-Ghamidi, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: “O Allah, bless my community in its early mornings.” When he sent out a detachment or an army, he would send them at the beginning of the day. Sakhr was a merchant, and he would send out his merchandise at the beginning of the day, and so he prospered and his wealth grew abundant. Abu Dawud said: “He is Sakhr ibn Wada‘ah.”

‘Abd Allah ibn Maslamah al-Qa‘nabi narrated to us, from Malik, from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Harmalah, from ‘Amr ibn Shu‘ayb, from his father, from his grandfather, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “A lone rider is a devil, two riders are two devils, and three form a riding party.”

‘Ali ibn Bahr ibn Barri narrated to us: Hatim ibn Isma‘il narrated to us: Muhammad ibn ‘Ajlan narrated to us, from Nafi‘, from Abu Salamah, from Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “When three set out on a journey, let them appoint one of them as their leader.”

‘Ali ibn Bahr narrated to us: Hatim ibn Isma‘il narrated to us: Muhammad ibn ‘Ajlan narrated to us, from Nafi‘, from Abu Salamah, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “When three are travelling, let them appoint one of them as their leader.” Nafi‘ said: “We said to Abu Salamah, ‘Then you are our leader.’”

‘Abd Allah ibn Maslamah al-Qa‘nabi narrated to us, from Malik, from Nafi‘, that ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Umar said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade travelling with the Qur’an into enemy territory. Malik said: “I think this was out of fear that the enemy might seize it.”

Zuhayr ibn Harb Abu Khaythama narrated to us: Wahb ibn Jarir narrated to us: my father narrated to us, saying: I heard Yunus, from al-Zuhri, from ‘Ubayd Allah ibn ‘Abd Allah, from Ibn ‘Abbas, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: “The best company is four; the best number for detachments is four hundred; the best number for armies is four thousand; and twelve thousand will never be defeated because of being few.” Abu Dawud said: “The sound view is that it is mursal.”

Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Anbari narrated to us: Waki‘ narrated to us, from Sufyan, from ‘Alqamah ibn Marthad, from Sulayman ibn Buraydah, from his father, who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ appointed a commander over a detachment or an army, he urged him to fear Allah personally and to treat well the Muslims who were with him. He said: “When you meet your enemy among the polytheists, invite them to one of three alternatives—whichever wording is used—and accept from them whichever one they respond to, then leave them alone. Invite them to Islam; if they accept, accept that from them and leave them alone. Then invite them to move from their land to the Land of the Emigrants, and inform them that if they do so, they will have what the Emigrants have and bear what the Emigrants bear. If they refuse and choose to remain in their land, inform them that they will be like the Muslim Bedouins: Allah’s rule that applies to the believers will apply to them, but they will have no share of the fay’ or the spoils unless they fight alongside the Muslims. If they refuse, invite them to pay the jizyah; if they agree, accept it from them and leave them alone. If they refuse, then seek help from Allah, Exalted, and fight them. When you besiege the people of a fortress and they ask you to let them surrender under the judgment of Allah, do not let them do so, for you do not know what Allah’s judgment concerning them will be. Rather, let them surrender under your judgment, then decide about them afterward as you wish.” Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah said: ‘Alqamah said, “I mentioned this hadith to Muqatil ibn Hayyan, and he said, ‘Muslim—Abu Dawud said, “He is Ibn Haytham”—narrated to me, from al-Nu‘man ibn Muqarrin, from the Prophet ﷺ, a report like the hadith of Sulayman ibn Buraydah.’”

Abu Salih al-Antaki, Mahbub ibn Musa, narrated to us: Abu Ishaq al-Fazari informed us, from Sufyan, from ‘Alqamah ibn Marthad, from Sulayman ibn Buraydah, from his father, that the Prophet ﷺ said: “Go forth in the name of Allah and in the path of Allah. Fight those who disbelieve in Allah. Go forth, and do not betray, do not embezzle from the spoils, do not mutilate, and do not kill a child.”

‘Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Yahya ibn Adam and ‘Ubayd Allah ibn Musa narrated to us, from Hasan ibn Salih, from Khalid ibn al-Fizr, who narrated to me: Anas ibn Malik said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Set out in the name of Allah, with Allah, and according to the way of life of the Messenger of Allah. Do not kill a decrepit old man, a child, a young person, or a woman. Do not misappropriate the spoils; gather your spoils, set things right, and act well. Indeed, Allah loves those who act well.”

Qutaybah ibn Sa‘id narrated to us: al-Layth narrated to us, from Nafi‘, from Ibn ‘Umar, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ burned and cut down the palm trees of Banu al-Nadir at al-Buwayrah. Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: “Whatever palm trees you cut down or left standing…”