Jihad (Kitab Al-Jihad)

Muslim ibn Ibrahim narrated to us: Hisham narrated to us—and ‘Ubayd Allah ibn ‘Umar narrated to us, from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahdi; Hisham narrated to us, from Qatadah, from al-Hasan, from Qays ibn ‘Abbad—who said: The Companions of the Prophet ﷺ disliked shouting during fighting.

‘Ubayd Allah ibn ‘Umar narrated to us: ‘Abd al-Rahman narrated to us, from Hammam: Matar narrated to me, from Qatadah, from Abu Burdah, from his father, from the Prophet ﷺ, with a similar report.

‘Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Waki‘ narrated to us, from Isra’il, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Bara’, who said: When the Prophet ﷺ met the polytheists at Hunayn and the ranks broke, he dismounted from his mule and went on foot.

Muslim ibn Ibrahim and Musa ibn Isma‘il narrated to us—the meaning is the same. They said: Aban narrated to us: Yahya narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim, from Ibn Jabir ibn ‘Atik, from Jabir ibn ‘Atik, that the Prophet of Allah ﷺ used to say: “Some protective jealousy Allah loves, and some He hates. The jealousy Allah loves is when there is cause for suspicion; the jealousy Allah hates is when there is no cause for suspicion. Some self-exalting pride Allah hates, and some He loves. The pride He loves is a man’s self-confidence in battle and when giving charity; the pride He hates is pride shown in oppression.” Musa said: “And boasting.”

Musa ibn Isma‘il narrated to us: Ibrahim—meaning Ibn Sa‘d—narrated to us: Ibn Shihab informed us: ‘Amr ibn Jariyah al-Thaqafi, an ally of Banu Zuhrah, informed me, from Abu Hurayrah, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent ten men as scouts and appointed ‘Asim ibn Thabit as their commander. Hudhayl gathered against them with nearly one hundred archers. When ‘Asim became aware of them, they took refuge on a rocky rise. They said to them: ‘Come down and surrender; you will have our covenant and pledge that we will kill none of you.’ ‘Asim said: ‘As for me, I will not come down under the protection of an unbeliever.’ They shot at them with arrows and killed ‘Asim among seven men. Three men came down to them under the covenant and pledge, including Khubayb, Zayd ibn al-Dathinah, and another man. When they had gained control of them, they loosened their bowstrings and bound them with them. The third man said: ‘This is the first act of treachery. By Allah, I will not go with you. I have an example in these men.’ They dragged him, but he refused to go with them, so they killed him. Khubayb remained a captive until they agreed to kill him. Musa borrowed a razor for him to shave with. When they took him out to kill him, Khubayb said to them: ‘Let me pray two rak‘ahs.’ Then he said: ‘By Allah, were it not that you would think my condition was caused by fear, I would have prayed longer.’

Ibn ‘Awf narrated to us: Abu al-Yaman narrated to us: Shu‘ayb informed us, from al-Zuhri. ‘Amr ibn Abi Sufyan ibn Asid ibn Jariyah al-Thaqafi—an ally of Banu Zuhrah and one of Abu Hurayrah’s companions—informed me, and he related the report.

‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Nufayli narrated to us: Zuhayr narrated to us: Abu Ishaq narrated to us: I heard al-Bara’ relate: On the day of Uhud, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ appointed ‘Abd Allah ibn Jubayr over the archers—fifty men—and said: “If you see birds snatching us away, do not leave this position of yours until I send for you. And if you see that we have routed the people and trampled them down, do not leave until I send for you.” He said: Allah defeated them. By Allah, I saw the women hurrying up the mountain. ‘Abd Allah ibn Jubayr’s companions said: “The spoils, people! The spoils! Your companions have prevailed; what are you waiting for?” ‘Abd Allah ibn Jubayr said: “Have you forgotten what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ told you?” They said: “By Allah, we will go to the people and take some of the spoils.” So they went to them, but their faces were turned away and they came back defeated.

Ahmad ibn Sinan narrated to us: Abu Ahmad al-Zubayri narrated to us: ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Sulayman ibn al-Ghasil narrated to us, from Hamzah ibn Abi Usayd, from his father, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, as we formed our ranks on the day of Badr: “When they press close upon you—that is, when they envelop you—shoot arrows at them, and conserve your arrows.”

Muhammad ibn ‘Isa narrated to us: Ishaq ibn Najih—not al-Malti—narrated to us, from Malik ibn Hamzah ibn Abi Usayd al-Sa‘idi, from his father, from his grandfather, who said: The Prophet ﷺ said on the day of Badr: “When they press close upon you, shoot arrows at them, and do not draw your swords until they come close to you.”

Harun ibn ‘Abd Allah narrated to us: ‘Uthman ibn ‘Umar narrated to us: Isra’il informed us, from Abu Ishaq, from Harithah ibn Mudarrib, from ‘Ali, who said: ‘Utbah ibn Rabi‘ah stepped forward, followed by his son and his brother. He called out: “Who will come out for single combat?” Some young men from the Ansar stepped forward. He asked: “Who are you?” They told him, and he said: “We have no need of you; we wanted only our cousins.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Rise, Hamzah. Rise, ‘Ali. Rise, ‘Ubaydah ibn al-Harith.” Hamzah went toward ‘Utbah, and I went toward Shaybah. Two blows were exchanged between ‘Ubaydah and al-Walid, and each severely wounded the other. Then we turned on al-Walid and killed him, and carried ‘Ubaydah away.

Muhammad ibn ‘Isa and Ziyad ibn Ayyub narrated to us: Hushaym narrated to us: Mughira informed us, from Shibak, from Ibrahim, from Huna’ ibn Nuwayrah, from ‘Alqamah, from ‘Abd Allah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “The people of faith are the most restrained in their manner of killing.”

Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna narrated to us: Mu‘adh ibn Hisham narrated to us: my father narrated to me, from Qatadah, from al-Hasan, from al-Hayyaj ibn ‘Imran, that ‘Imran’s slave had run away. ‘Imran vowed to Allah that if he gained power over him, he would cut off his hand. He sent me to ask on his behalf. I went to Samurah ibn Jundub and asked him. He said: The Prophet of Allah ﷺ used to urge us to give charity and forbid us to mutilate. I then went to ‘Imran ibn Husayn and asked him. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to urge us to give charity and forbid us to mutilate.

Yazid ibn Khalid ibn Mawhab and Qutaybah—meaning Ibn Sa‘id—narrated to us: al-Layth narrated to us, from Nafi‘, from ‘Abd Allah, that a woman was found slain during one of the Messenger of Allah’s ﷺ military expeditions. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ disapproved of the killing of women and children.

Abu al-Walid al-Tayalisi narrated to us: ‘Umar ibn al-Muraqqa‘ ibn Sayfi ibn Rabah narrated to us: my father narrated to me, from his grandfather, Rabah ibn Rabi‘, who said: We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on an expedition. He saw people gathered around something and sent a man, saying: “See what these people have gathered around.” He returned and said: “Around a woman who has been killed.” He said: “This was not one who would have fought.” Khalid ibn al-Walid was at the vanguard, so he sent a man and said: “Tell Khalid not to kill any woman or hired worker.”

Sa‘id ibn Mansur narrated to us: Hushaym narrated to us: Hajjaj narrated to us: Qatadah narrated to us, from al-Hasan, from Samurah ibn Jundub, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Kill the elderly men among the polytheists, and spare their young.”

‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Nufayli narrated to us: Muhammad ibn Salamah narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Ishaq, who narrated to me, from Muhammad ibn Ja‘far ibn al-Zubayr, from ‘Urwah ibn al-Zubayr, from ‘A’ishah, who said: Of their women—meaning Banu Qurayzah—only one was killed. She was with me, talking and laughing heartily, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was killing their men with swords. Then someone called out her name: “Where is so-and-so?” She said: “I am here.” I said: “What is the matter with you?” She said: “An act I committed.” Then she was taken away, and her neck was struck. I will never forget my amazement that she was laughing heartily even though she knew she was to be killed.

Ahmad ibn ‘Amr ibn al-Sarh narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, from al-Zuhri, from ‘Ubayd Allah—meaning Ibn ‘Abd Allah—from Ibn ‘Abbas, from al-Sa‘b ibn Jaththamah, that he asked the Prophet ﷺ about an enemy settlement raided at night, when some of their offspring and women were struck. The Prophet ﷺ said: ‘They are among them.’ ‘Amr—meaning Ibn Dinar—used to say: ‘They are like their fathers.’ Al-Zuhri said: Then, after that, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited killing women and children.

Sa‘id ibn Mansur narrated to us: Mughira ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Hizami narrated to us, from Abu al-Zinad: Muhammad ibn Hamzah al-Aslami narrated to me, from his father, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ appointed him over a detachment. He said: I went out with it, and he said: ‘If you find so-and-so, burn him with fire.’ I turned away, but he called me, so I returned to him. He said: ‘If you find so-and-so, kill him, but do not burn him, for none punishes with fire except the Lord of the Fire.’

Yazid ibn Khalid and Qutaybah narrated to us: al-Layth ibn Sa‘d related to them, from Bukayr, from Sulayman ibn Yasar, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent us in an expedition and said: ‘If you find so-and-so and so-and-so…’ He then related the rest of the report in a similar sense.

Abu Salih, Mahbub ibn Musa, narrated to us: Abu Ishaq al-Fazari informed us, from Abu Ishaq al-Shaybani, from Ibn Sa‘d—someone other than Abu Salih said: from al-Hasan ibn Sa‘d—from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Abd Allah, from his father, who said: We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on a journey. He went away to relieve himself. We saw a small bird with two chicks and took its chicks. The bird came and began beating its wings. The Prophet ﷺ came and said: “Who has distressed this bird by taking its young? Return its young to it.” He saw an anthill that we had burned and said: “Who burned this?” We said: “We did.” He said: “None should punish with fire except the Lord of the Fire.”