Jihad (Kitab Al-Jihad)

Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā narrated to us: Mujammiʿ ibn Yaʿqūb ibn Mujammiʿ ibn Yazīd al-Anṣārī narrated to us: He said: I heard my father, Yaʿqūb ibn Mujammiʿ, mention on the authority of his uncle ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Yazīd al-Anṣārī, from his uncle Mujammiʿ ibn Jāriyah al-Anṣārī, one of those who recited the Qur’an, who said: We were at al-Ḥudaybiyah with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). When we left it, the people were urging their camels onward. Some said to others, ‘What is happening to the people?’ They said, ‘Revelation has come to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).’ We went out with the people in haste and found the Prophet (ﷺ) standing on his riding camel at Kurāʿ al-Ghamīm. When the people gathered around him, he recited to them: ‘Indeed, We have granted you a clear victory.’ A man said, ‘Messenger of Allah, is it a victory?’ He said, ‘Yes. By the One in Whose hand is Muḥammad’s soul, it is indeed a victory.’ Khaybar was then divided among the people of al-Ḥudaybiyah. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) divided it into eighteen shares. The army numbered one thousand five hundred, including three hundred horsemen. He gave a horseman two shares and a foot soldier one share. Abū Dāwūd said: ‘The report of Abū Muʿāwiyah is more sound, and that is the practice. I think the report of Mujammiʿ is mistaken when it says three hundred horsemen; there were two hundred horsemen.’

Wahb ibn Baqiyyah narrated to us: Khālid informed us, from Dāwūd, from ʿIkrimah, from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: On the day of Badr, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, ‘Whoever does such-and-such will receive such-and-such from the extra spoils.’ The young men came forward, while the elders stayed by the banners and did not leave them. When Allah granted them victory, the elders said, ‘We were your support; if you had been defeated, you would have returned to us. Do not go off with all the booty and leave us behind.’ The young men refused and said, ‘The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) assigned it to us.’ Then Allah revealed: ‘They ask you about the spoils. Say: “The spoils belong to Allah”’ through His words, ‘just as your Lord brought you out of your home with the truth, while a group of the believers disliked it.’ He says: ‘That was better for them. Likewise, obey me, for I know the outcome of this better than you.’

Ziyād ibn Ayyūb narrated to us: Hushaym narrated to us: Dāwūd ibn Abī Hind informed us, from ʿIkrimah, from Ibn ʿAbbās, that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said on the day of Badr, ‘Whoever kills a man will receive such-and-such, and whoever captures a prisoner will receive such-and-such.’ Then he related the rest in a similar manner. The report of Khālid is more complete.

Harun ibn Muhammad ibn Bakkar ibn Bilal narrated to us: Yazid ibn Khalid ibn Mawhab al-Hamdani narrated to us: Yahya ibn Zakariyya ibn Abi Za’idah narrated to us, from Dawud, with this hadith and its chain of transmission. He said: The Messenger of Allah divided it equally. The report of Khalid is more complete.

Hammad ibn al-Sari narrated to us: Abu Bakr narrated to us, from Asim, from Mus’ab ibn Sa’d, from his father, who said: I came to the Prophet on the day of Badr with a sword and said, ‘Allah has healed my heart from the enemy today, so give me this sword.’ He replied, ‘It is neither yours nor mine.’ I left, saying, ‘Today it will be given to someone who did not undergo the trial I underwent.’ Then a messenger came to me and said, ‘Answer the Messenger of Allah.’ I thought that something had been revealed concerning what I had said. When I came to him, he said, ‘You asked me for this sword, but it was neither mine nor yours. Allah has now given it to me, and it is yours.’ Then he recited: ‘They ask you about the spoils. Say: The spoils belong to Allah and the Messenger,’ through the end of the verse. Abu Dawud said: Ibn Mas’ud recited, ‘They ask you about the nafl.’

Abd al-Wahhab ibn Najdah, Musa ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Antaki, and Muhammad ibn Awf al-Ta’i narrated to us—al-Hakam ibn Nafi’ narrated to them, with the same meaning—from Shu’ayb ibn Abi Hamzah, from Nafi’, from Ibn Umar: The Messenger of Allah sent us in an expedition toward Najd. A detachment of the army broke away, and each man in the army received twelve camels as his share. He gave each man in the detachment one camel in addition, so each of them received thirteen camels.

Al-Walid ibn Utbah al-Dimashqi narrated to us: Al-Walid—that is, Ibn Muslim—said: I related this hadith to Ibn al-Mubarak. I said, ‘Ibn Abi Farwah also narrated it to us, from Nafi’,’ and he said, ‘Those whom you have named are not equal to Malik’—or words to that effect; that is, Malik ibn Anas.

Hannad narrated to us: Abdah—that is, Ibn Sulayman al-Kilabi—narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Ishaq, from Nafi’, from Ibn Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah sent a detachment to Najd, and I went out with it. We acquired many livestock, and our commander awarded each man one camel. Then we came to the Messenger of Allah, and he divided our spoils among us. Each man received twelve camels after the fifth had been set aside. The Messenger of Allah did not call our commander to account for what he had given us, nor did he criticize him for what he had done. Thus each man received thirteen camels with his extra award.

Abdullah ibn Maslamah al-Qa’nabi narrated to us, from Malik. (A second chain:) Abdullah ibn Maslamah and Yazid ibn Khalid ibn Mawhab narrated to us; they said: Al-Layth narrated to us—the meaning is the same—from Nafi’, from Abdullah ibn Umar: The Messenger of Allah sent a detachment in which Abdullah ibn Umar was present toward Najd. They acquired many camels as spoils. Each man’s share was twelve camels, and they were each given one camel as an extra award. Ibn Mawhab added: The Messenger of Allah did not alter it.

Musaddad narrated to us: Yahya narrated to us, from Ubayd Allah, who said: Nafi’ narrated to me, from Abdullah, who said: The Messenger of Allah sent us with a detachment, and our shares came to twelve camels. The Messenger of Allah awarded us one camel each. Abu Dawud said: Burd ibn Sinan narrated it from Nafi’ like the hadith of Ubayd Allah. Ayyub also narrated it from Nafi’ in the same way, except that he said, ‘We were each awarded one camel’; he did not mention the Prophet.

Abd al-Malik ibn Shu’ayb ibn al-Layth narrated to us: My father narrated to me, from my grandfather. (A second chain:) Hajjaj ibn Abi Ya’qub narrated to us: Hujayn narrated to me: Al-Layth narrated to us, from Uqayl, from Ibn Shihab, from Salim, from Abdullah ibn Umar: The Messenger of Allah used to grant some of the detachments he sent out an extra share specifically for their own members, in addition to the distribution made to the whole army. The fifth was due on all of that.

Ahmad ibn Salih narrated to us: Abdullah ibn Wahb narrated to us: Huyayy narrated to us, from Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Hubuli, from Abdullah ibn Amr: The Messenger of Allah went out on the day of Badr with three hundred and fifteen men. The Messenger of Allah said, ‘O Allah, they are barefoot, so provide mounts for them. O Allah, they are unclothed, so clothe them. O Allah, they are hungry, so feed them.’ Allah granted him victory at Badr, and when they returned, every man among them had brought back one or two camels. They had been clothed and had eaten their fill.

Muhammad ibn Kathir narrated to us: Sufyan informed us, from Yazid ibn Yazid ibn Jabir al-Shami, from Makhul, from Ziyad ibn Jariyah al-Tamimi, from Habib ibn Maslamah al-Fihri, who said: The Messenger of Allah used to award a third as an extra share after the fifth had been set aside.

Ubayd Allah ibn Umar ibn Maysarah al-Jushami narrated to us: Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahdi narrated to us, from Mu’awiyah ibn Salih, from al-Ala ibn al-Harith, from Makhul, from Ibn Jariyah, from Habib ibn Maslamah: The Messenger of Allah used to award a quarter as an extra share after the fifth had been set aside, and a third after the fifth had been set aside when he returned.

Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Bashir ibn Dhakwan and Mahmud ibn Khalid, both of Damascus, narrated to us—the meaning is the same. They said: Marwan ibn Muhammad narrated to us: Yahya ibn Hamzah narrated to us: I heard Abu Wahb say: I heard Makhul say: I was a slave in Egypt, owned by a woman of Banu Hudhayl, but she freed me. I did not leave Egypt without, as far as I could tell, having gathered all the knowledge there. Then I came to the Hijaz, and did not leave it without, as far as I could tell, having gathered all the knowledge there. Then I came to Iraq, and did not leave it without, as far as I could tell, having gathered all the knowledge there. Then I came to Syria and searched it thoroughly. Throughout all this I was asking about the extra share from spoils, but I found no one who could tell me anything about it until I came to an elder called Ziyad ibn Jariyah al-Tamimi. I asked him, ‘Have you heard anything about the extra share from spoils?’ He replied, ‘Yes. I heard Habib ibn Maslamah al-Fihri say: I was present with the Prophet, and he awarded a quarter as an extra share on the outward expedition and a third on the return.’

Qutaybah ibn Sa’id narrated to us: Ibn Abi Adi narrated to us, from Ibn Ishaq—namely Muhammad—with part of this report. (A second chain:) Ubayd Allah ibn Umar ibn Maysarah narrated to us: Hushaym narrated to me, from Yahya ibn Sa’id; both from Amr ibn Shu’ayb, from his father, from his grandfather, who said: The Messenger of Allah said, ‘The Muslims are equal in respect of blood. The least among them may grant protection on their behalf, and the farthest of them may extend protection to them. They are a single hand against all others. Their strong support their weak, and those who have gone ahead return to those who stayed behind. A believer is not to be killed for an unbeliever, nor a person under covenant while that covenant remains in force.’ Abu Dawud said: Ibn Ishaq did not mention retaliation or equality in respect of blood.

Harun ibn Abdullah narrated to us: Hashim ibn al-Qasim narrated to us: Ikrimah narrated to us: Iyas ibn Salamah narrated to me, from his father, who said: Abd al-Rahman ibn Uyaynah raided the camels of the Messenger of Allah, killed their herdsman, and rode off with some men on horseback, driving the camels away. I turned toward Madinah and called out three times, ‘Raise the alarm! A raid at dawn!’ Then I pursued them, shooting at them and hamstringing their mounts. Whenever a horseman turned back toward me, I sat at the base of a tree, until I had put behind me every mount of the Prophet that Allah had created. They cast away more than thirty spears and thirty cloaks to lighten their load. Then Uyaynah came to them with reinforcements and said, ‘Let a few of you go to him.’ Four of them came toward me and climbed the mountain. When I made them hear me, I said, ‘Do you know who I am?’ They replied, ‘Who are you?’ I said, ‘I am Ibn al-Akwa. By Him who honored the face of Muhammad, no man among you will pursue me and catch me, and if I pursue him, he will not escape me.’ I held my position until I saw the horsemen of the Messenger of Allah threading their way through the trees. At their head was al-Akhram al-Asadi. He caught up with Abd al-Rahman, who turned to engage him. They exchanged two thrusts: al-Akhram hamstrung Abd al-Rahman’s horse, and Abd al-Rahman stabbed and killed al-Akhram. Abd al-Rahman then mounted al-Akhram’s horse. Abu Qatadah caught up with Abd al-Rahman, and they exchanged two thrusts. Abd al-Rahman hamstrung Abu Qatadah’s horse, but Abu Qatadah killed him. Abu Qatadah then mounted al-Akhram’s horse. Then I came to the Messenger of Allah, who was at the water from which I had driven them away, Dhu Qarad. The Prophet was with five hundred men, and he gave me the share of a mounted fighter and a foot soldier.

Abu Salih Mahbub ibn Musa narrated to us: Abu Ishaq al-Fazari informed us, from Asim ibn Kulayb, from Abu al-Juwayriyyah al-Jarmi, who said: I found a red jar containing dinars in Byzantine territory, during the rule of Mu’awiyah. Our commander was a man from Banu Sulaym, one of the Companions of the Prophet, called Ma’n ibn Yazid. I brought the jar to him, and he divided its contents among the Muslims. He gave me the same share he gave one of them. Then he said, ‘Had I not heard the Messenger of Allah say, “There is no extra award until after the fifth has been set aside,” I would have given you one.’ Then he began offering me some of his own share, but I refused.

Hannad narrated to us, from Ibn al-Mubarak, from Abu Awanah, from Asim ibn Kulayb, through its chain of transmission and with the same meaning.

Al-Walid ibn Utbah narrated to us: Al-Walid narrated to us: Abdullah ibn al-Ala narrated to us that he heard Abu Sallam al-Aswad say: I heard Amr ibn Abasah say: The Messenger of Allah led us in prayer facing a camel from the spoils. When he had finished the prayer, he took a tuft of hair from the camel’s side and said, ‘Nothing from your spoils, not even the like of this, is lawful for me apart from the fifth; and the fifth is returned among you.’