Al-Adab Al-Mufrad
Behaviour with people
كتاب تعامل الناس
Chapter 546
بَابُ إِذَا قَامَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ لَمْ يَقْعُدْ فِيهِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Qabisah related to us: Sufyan related to us, from ‘Ubayd Allah, from Nafi‘, from Ibn ‘Umar, who said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade a man to make another rise from his seat and then sit in that place himself.
Chapter 547
بَابُ الأمَانَةِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Nu‘aym related to us: Sulayman related to us, from Thabit, from Anas: I served the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, one day. When I thought I had finished serving him, I said, ‘The Prophet is taking a midday rest,’ and left him. Some boys were playing, so I stood watching their game. The Prophet came, approached them, and greeted them. Then he called me and sent me on an errand. He stayed in the shade until I came back to him. I was late returning to my mother, and she asked, ‘What kept you?’ I said, ‘The Prophet sent me on an errand.’ She asked, ‘What was it?’ I said, ‘It is a secret of the Prophet.’ She said, ‘Keep the Messenger of Allah’s secret.’ I never told anyone what that errand was; if I were going to tell it to anyone, I would have told you.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
وَأَبْطَأْتُ عَلَى أُمِّي
The Arabic explicitly attributes the following question to the mother; the English witness also attributes a question to the Prophet.
Should the translation retain the Arabic source’s attribution of the question solely to Anas’s mother?
Chapter 548
بَابُ إِذَا الْتَفَتَ الْتَفَتَ جَمِيعًا
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ishaq ibn al-‘Ala’ said: ‘Amr ibn al-Harith related to me: ‘Abd Allah ibn Salim related to me, from al-Zubaydi, who said: Muhammad ibn Muslim informed me, from Sa‘id ibn al-Musayyib, that he heard Abu Hurayrah describe the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: He was of medium stature, closer to tall; very fair; with a black beard, fine front teeth, long eyelashes, broad shoulders, and a full forehead. He walked with his whole foot, which had no arch. He turned fully toward someone and fully away. I have never seen anyone like him, before or since.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
حَسَنُ الثَّغْرِ، أَهْدَبُ أَشْفَارِ الْعَيْنَيْنِ، بَعِيدُ مَا بَيْنَ الْمَنْكِبَيْنِ، مُفَاضُ الْجَبِينِ
Several concise physical descriptors have more than one possible English rendering, particularly الثغر and مفاض الجبين.
Are ‘fine front teeth’ and ‘full forehead’ the best contextual renderings of these descriptors?
Chapter 549
بَابُ إِذَا أَرْسَلَ رَجُلاً فِي حَاجَةٍ فَلا يُخْبِرُهُ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad related to us: ‘Abd Allah ibn Zayd ibn Aslam informed us, from his father, from his grandfather, who said: ‘Umar said to me, ‘When I send you to a man, do not tell him why I sent you. If you do, Satan will then prepare a lie for him.’’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يُعِدُّ لَهُ كِذْبَةً عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ
The report states that Satan prepares a lie for the man at that point, without specifying the precise circumstances or means.
Does ‘prepare a lie for him’ best preserve the compact Arabic expression without adding an interpretation?
Chapter 550
بَابُ هَلْ يَقُولُ: مِنْ أَيْنَ أَقْبَلْتَ؟
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Hamid ibn ‘Umar related to us, from Hammad ibn Zayd, from Layth, from Mujahid, who said: He used to dislike a man staring intently at his companion, following him with his gaze when he got up to leave, or asking him, ‘Where have you come from, and where are you going?’
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Nu‘aym related to us: Zuhayr related to us, from Abu Ishaq, from Malik ibn Zubayd, who said: We passed by Abu Dharr at al-Rabadha. He asked, ‘Where have you come from?’ We said, ‘From Makkah—or from the Ancient House.’ He said, ‘Is that what you have been doing?’ We said, ‘Yes.’ He asked, ‘Was there no trade or buying and selling alongside it?’ We said, ‘No.’ He said, ‘Then begin the deed anew.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
أَمَا مَعَهُ تِجَارَةٌ وَلاَ بَيْعٌ
The relation expressed by معه in the question is not fully clear in isolation.
What is the intended relation between the pilgrimage and trade or selling in this question?
Chapter 551
بَابُ مَنِ اسْتَمَعَ إِلَى حَدِيثِ قَوْمٍ وَهُمْ لَهُ كَارِهُونَ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Musaddad related to us: Isma‘il related to us: Ayyub related to us, from ‘Ikrimah, from Ibn ‘Abbas, from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said: ‘Whoever makes an image will be charged with breathing life into it and punished, though he will never breathe life into it. Whoever claims to have seen a dream will be charged with tying together two barley grains and punished, though he will never tie them together. Whoever listens to people’s conversation when they are trying to get away from him will have molten lead poured into his ears.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
الآنُكُ
The term refers to lead, with possible nuance concerning its state or softness; the precise physical description is not explicit here.
Is ‘molten lead’ the best rendering of الآنك in this threat?
Chapter 552
بَابُ الْجُلُوسِ عَلَى السَّرِيرِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Sulayman ibn Harb related to us: al-Aswad ibn Shayban related to us: ‘Abd Allah ibn Mudarib related to us, from al-‘Uryan ibn al-Haytham, who said: My father went as a delegate to Mu‘awiyah when I was a boy. When he entered, Mu‘awiyah said, ‘Welcome, welcome!’ A man was sitting with him on the couch. He said, ‘Commander of the Faithful, who is this whom you welcome?’ He replied, ‘This is the leader of the people of the East; this is al-Haytham ibn al-Aswad.’ I asked, ‘Who is this?’ They said, ‘This is ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘As.’ I said to him, ‘Abu so-and-so, from where will the Dajjal emerge?’ He said, ‘I have never seen the people of a town ask about what is far away while leaving what is near. You are from a town.’ Then he said, ‘He will emerge from the land of Iraq, a land of trees and palm trees.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
مَا رَأَيْتُ أَهْلَ بَلَدٍ أَسْأَلَ عَنْ بَعِيدٍ، وَلاَ أَتْرَكَ لِلْقَرِيبِ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَلَدٍ أَنْتَ مِنْهُ
The compact rebuke and the phrase about the nearby matter are syntactically difficult; the English witness also appears to have a corrupted reading here.
What exactly is contrasted as ‘far’ and ‘near’ in ‘I have never seen the people of a town ask about what is far away while leaving what is near’?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Yahya related to us: Waki‘ related to us: Khalid ibn Dinar related to us, from Abu al-‘Aliyah, who said: I sat with Ibn ‘Abbas on a couch. ‘Ali ibn al-Ja‘d related to us: Shu‘bah related to us, from Abu Jamrah, who said: I used to sit with Ibn ‘Abbas, and he would seat me on his couch. He said to me, ‘Stay with me until I set aside a share of my property for you.’ I stayed with him for two months.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source presents two reports in one block: Abu al-‘Aliyah’s brief report and Abu Jamrah’s fuller report.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Ubayd related to us: Yunus ibn Bukayr related to us: Khalid ibn Dinar, Abu Khaldah, related to us: I heard Anas ibn Malik, while he was with al-Hakam, the governor in Basra, seated on a couch, say: When it was hot, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would delay the prayer until it was cooler; when it was cold, he would perform the prayer early.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Amr ibn Mansur related to us: Mubarak related to us: al-Hasan related to us: Anas ibn Malik said: I visited the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while he was on a bed woven with straps. Beneath his head was a leather pillow stuffed with palm fiber. There was no cloth between his skin and the bed. ‘Umar entered and wept. The Prophet said to him, ‘What makes you weep, ‘Umar?’ He said, ‘By Allah, Messenger of Allah, I am not weeping because I do not know that you are more honored before Allah than Chosroes and Caesar. They revel in the worldly life as they do, while you, Messenger of Allah, are in the condition I see.’ The Prophet said, ‘Are you not content, ‘Umar, that they have the worldly life and we have the Hereafter?’ I said, ‘Yes indeed, Messenger of Allah.’ He said, ‘That is how it is.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
مَا أَبْكِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَلاَّ أَكُونَ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ أَكْرَمُ عَلَى اللهِ مِنْ كِسْرَى وَقَيْصَرَ
The negation and following clause are syntactically difficult; the report’s contrast appears to be between the Prophet’s honored standing and the rulers’ worldly comfort.
How should the construction ما أبكي ... ألا أكون أعلم be parsed to preserve its negation and meaning?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Abd Allah ibn Yazid related to us: Sulayman ibn al-Mughirah related to us, from Humayd ibn Hilal, from Abu Rifa‘ah al-‘Adawi, who said: I came upon the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while he was preaching. I said, ‘Messenger of Allah, a stranger has come asking about his religion; he does not know what his religion is.’ He turned toward me and left his sermon. A chair was brought, which I thought had iron legs. Humayd said, ‘I think they were black wood, which he mistook for iron.’ The Prophet sat on it and began teaching me from what Allah had taught him. Then he completed the rest of his sermon.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
قَوَائِمَهُ حَدِيدًا
The speaker’s own uncertainty and Humayd’s later clarification are both preserved, but the exact referent of حسبه is not fully explicit.
Does حسبه here mean that the observer took the dark wood for iron?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Yahya related to us: Waki‘ related to us, from Musa ibn Dahqan, who said: I saw Ibn ‘Umar sitting on a bridal couch, wearing red garments. And from his father, from ‘Imran ibn Muslim, who said: I saw Anas sitting on a couch with one leg placed over the other.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic records two observations in the same unit and preserves a chain-like lead-in for the second.
عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ
The antecedent of ‘his father’ is not identified in the text block.
Whose father is meant by عَنْ أَبِيهِ in the second report?
Chapter 553
بَابُ إِذَا رَأَى قَوْمًا يَتَنَاجَوْنَ فَلا يَدْخُلْ مَعَهُمْ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad related to us: ‘Abd Allah informed us: Dawud ibn Qays informed us: I heard Sa‘id al-Maqburi say: I passed by Ibn ‘Umar while a man was talking with him. I stood by the two of them, and Ibn ‘Umar struck me on the chest and said, ‘When you find two people talking together, do not join them or sit with them until you ask their permission.’ I said, ‘May Allah set you right, Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman, I only hoped to hear something good from you both.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
فَلاَ تَقُمُّ مَعَهُمَا
The first verb may literally describe standing with the two men or idiomatically approaching their conversation.
Should فلا تقم معهما be translated literally as ‘do not stand with them’ or idiomatically as ‘do not join them’?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Salam related to us: ‘Abd al-Wahhab al-Thaqafi informed us: Khalid related to us, from ‘Ikrimah, from Ibn ‘Abbas, who said: Whoever listens in on people’s conversation when they dislike it will have molten lead poured into his ear. Whoever claims to have dreamed a dream will be charged with tying a barley grain.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
وَمَنْ تَحَلَّمَ بِحُلْمٍ كُلِّفَ أَنْ يَعْقِدَ شَعِيرَةً
The verb تحلّم refers to claiming or relating a dream; the exact force is more specific than merely dreaming.
Is ‘claims to have dreamed a dream’ the best rendering of تحلّم in this warning?
شَعِيرَةً
The English witness says ‘a barley bead’ and misreads the object; the Arabic explicitly names a grain of barley.
Should the Arabic-specific ‘barley grain’ be retained against the witness’s ‘barley bead’?
Chapter 554
بَابُ لا يَتَنَاجَى اثْنَانِ دُونَ الثَّالِثِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Isma‘il related to us: Malik related to me, from Nafi‘, from ‘Abd Allah, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: ‘When you are three, two should not converse privately to the exclusion of the third.’
Chapter 555
بَابُ إِذَا كَانُوا أَرْبَعَةً
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Umar ibn Hafs related to us: my father related to me: al-A‘mash related to us: Shqiq related to me, from ‘Abd Allah, who said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: ‘When you are three, two should not converse privately to the exclusion of the third, for that would grieve him.’
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
And Abu Salih related to me, from Ibn ‘Umar, from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, a similar report. We asked, ‘What if there are four?’ He said, ‘That does not harm him.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
This source continues the discussion of private conversation among a group; the phrase مثله points to a similar report.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Uthman related to us: Jarir related to us, from Mansur, from Abu Wa’il, from ‘Abd Allah, from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said: ‘Two should not converse privately to the exclusion of a third until they mingle with other people, because that would grieve him.’
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Qabisah related to us: Sufyan related to us, from al-A‘mash, from Abu Salih, from Ibn ‘Umar, who said: ‘When they are four, there is no harm.’