Sahih al-Bukhari
Fasting
كتاب الصوم
Abdan narrated to us: Abdullah informed us: Ma mar narrated to us, saying: al-Zuhri narrated to me, from Ata bin Yazid, from Humran: I saw Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, perform ablution. He poured water over his hands three times, then rinsed his mouth and expelled water from his nose. Then he washed his face three times, his right arm up to the elbow three times, and his left arm up to the elbow three times. Then he wiped his head, washed his right foot three times, then his left foot three times. He said: I saw the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, perform ablution like this ablution of mine. Then he said: Whoever performs ablution like this, then prays two units without thinking of anything during them, will have his past sins forgiven.
Chapter 29
إِذَا جَامَعَ فِي رَمَضَانَ
Abdullah bin Munir narrated to us: He heard Yazid bin Harun narrate to us: Yahya, namely Ibn Said, narrated that Abd al-Rahman bin al-Qasim informed him, from Muhammad bin Jafar bin al-Zubayr bin al-Awwam bin Khuwaylid, from Abbad bin Abdullah bin al-Zubayr, who informed him that he heard Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, say: A man came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and said: I am ruined. He asked: What is the matter with you? The man said: I had relations with my wife during Ramadan. A basket called al-Araq was brought to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and he said: Where is the man who is ruined? The man said: Here I am. He said: Give this in charity.
Translation notes
بِمِكْتَلٍ، يُدْعَى الْعَرَقَ
The Arabic names a basket called al-Araq but does not say in this text what it contained; the English witness adds that it was full of dates.
Should the translation retain only the Arabic description of the basket?
Chapter 30
إِذَا جَامَعَ فِي رَمَضَانَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ شَىْءٌ فَتُصُدِّقَ عَلَيْهِ فَلْيُكَفِّرْ
Abu al-Yaman narrated to us: Shuaib informed us, from al-Zuhri, who said: Humayd bin Abd al-Rahman informed me that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said: While we were sitting with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, a man came and said: Messenger of Allah, I am ruined. He asked: What is the matter? The man said: I had intercourse with my wife while I was fasting. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, asked: Can you find a slave to set free? He said: No. He asked: Can you fast two consecutive months? He said: No. He asked: Can you feed sixty poor people? He said: No. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, then waited. While we were still there, a basket containing dates was brought to him; al-araq means a basket. He said: Where is the questioner? The man said: Here I am. He said: Take it and give it in charity. The man said: Should I give it to someone poorer than me, Messenger of Allah? By Allah, there is no household between the two lava fields, meaning the two harra, poorer than my household. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, laughed until his teeth showed, then said: Feed it to your family.
Translation notes
The Arabic itself glosses al-araq as a basket and identifies the two boundaries as the two harra; both explanations are included in the translation.
Chapter 31
الْمُجَامِعِ فِي رَمَضَانَ هَلْ يُطْعِمُ أَهْلَهُ مِنَ الْكَفَّارَةِ إِذَا كَانُوا مَحَاوِيجَ
Uthman bin Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Jarir narrated to us, from Mansur, from al-Zuhri, from Humayd bin Abd al-Rahman, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him: A man came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and said that the other man had relations with his wife in Ramadan. He asked: Can you find a slave to set free? The man said: No. He asked: Can you fast two consecutive months? He said: No. He asked: Can you find enough to feed sixty poor people? He said: No. A basket containing dates was brought to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him; al-zabil means a basket. He said: Feed this on your behalf. The man said: To people needier than us? There is no household between the two lava fields needier than ours. He said: Then feed it to your family.
Translation notes
The Arabic explains that al-zabil is a basket.
إِنَّ الأَخِرَ وَقَعَ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ فِي رَمَضَانَ
The Arabic says al-akhar, the other, rather than an explicit first-person statement; the English witness renders it as the speaker referring to himself.
Should this apparent wording difference be preserved literally or aligned with the English witness?
Chapter 32
الْحِجَامَةِ وَالْقَىْءِ لِلصَّائِمِ
Mulla bin Asad narrated to us: Wuhayb narrated to us, from Ayyub, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, underwent cupping while in a state of ihram, and he underwent cupping while fasting.
Abu Mamar narrated to us: Abd al-Warith narrated to us: Ayyub narrated to us, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, underwent cupping while fasting.
Adam bin Abi Iyas narrated to us: Shubah narrated to us, saying: I heard Thabit al-Bunani ask Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him: Did you dislike cupping for a person who is fasting? He replied: No, except because of weakness. Shababah added: Shubah narrated to us during the time of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him.
Translation notes
وَزَادَ شَبَابَةُ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم
The Arabic includes an additional attribution by Shababah concerning transmission during the Prophets time; the English witness omits it.
Should this added source attribution be retained?
Chapter 33
الصَّوْمِ فِي السَّفَرِ وَالإِفْطَارِ
Ali bin Abdullah narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, from Abu Ishaq al-Shaybani, who heard Ibn Abi Awfa, may Allah be pleased with him, say: We were with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, on a journey. He said to a man: Get down and mix a drink of grain meal for me. The man said: Messenger of Allah, the sun is still visible. He repeated: Get down and mix a drink for me. The man again said: Messenger of Allah, the sun is still visible. He said a third time: Get down and mix a drink for me. So the man got down, prepared it for him, and he drank. Then he gestured with his hand over there and said: When you see night approaching from that direction, the fasting person may break his fast. Jarir and Abu Bakr bin Ayyash also narrated it from al-Shaybani, from Ibn Abi Awfa, who said: I was with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, on a journey.
Translation notes
The English witness identifies the prepared drink as sawiq, a powdered grain meal; the Arabic here uses the verb for mixing or preparing it.
Musaddad narrated to us: Yahya narrated to us, from Hisham, who said: My father narrated to me, from Aisha, that Hamzah bin Amr al-Aslami said: Messenger of Allah, I fast continuously.
Abdullah bin Yusuf narrated to us: Malik informed us, from Hisham bin Urwah, from his father, from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, the wife of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: Hamzah bin Amr al-Aslami said to the Prophet: Should I fast while traveling? He used to fast often. He replied: If you wish, fast; and if you wish, break the fast.
Chapter 34
إِذَا صَامَ أَيَّامًا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ سَافَرَ
Abdullah bin Yusuf narrated to us: Malik informed us, from Ibn Shihab, from Ubaydullah bin Abdullah bin Utbah, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, set out for Mecca in Ramadan and fasted. When he reached al-Kadid, he broke his fast, and the people broke their fast as well. Abu Abdullah said: Al-Kadid is a watercourse between Usfan and Qudayd.
Chapter 35
Abdullah bin Yusuf narrated to us: Yahya bin Hamzah narrated to us, from Abd al-Rahman bin Yazid bin Jabir, that Ismail bin Ubaydullah told him, from Umm al-Darda, from Abu al-Darda, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: We went with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, on one of his journeys on a hot day. The heat was so intense that a man would put his hand on his head. None of us was fasting except the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and Ibn Rawahah.
Chapter 36
بَابُ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِمَنْ ظُلِّلَ عَلَيْهِ، وَاشْتَدَّ الْحَرُّ: «لَيْسَ مِنَ الْبِرِّ الصَّوْمُ فِي السَّفَرِ»
Adam narrated to us: Shubah narrated to us: Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahman al-Ansari narrated to us, saying: I heard Muhammad bin Amr bin al-Hasan bin Ali, from Jabir bin Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with them, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was on a journey and saw a crowd, with a man being shaded. He asked: What is this? They said: He is fasting. He said: Righteousness does not consist in fasting while traveling.
Chapter 37
لَمْ يَعِبْ أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا فِي الصَّوْمِ وَالإِفْطَارِ
Abdullah bin Maslamah narrated to us, from Malik, from Humayd al-Tawil, from Anas bin Malik, who said: We used to travel with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. Those who fasted did not criticize those who broke the fast, nor did those who broke the fast criticize those who fasted.
Chapter 38
مَنْ أَفْطَرَ فِي السَّفَرِ لِيَرَاهُ النَّاسُ
Musa bin Ismail narrated to us: Abu Awanah narrated to us, from Mansur, from Mujahid, from Tawus, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, set out from Medina for Mecca and fasted until he reached Usfan. Then he called for water, raised it in his hands to show the people, and broke his fast. He continued not fasting until he reached Mecca. This took place in Ramadan. Ibn Abbas used to say: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, fasted and broke his fast; whoever wished, fasted, and whoever wished, broke the fast.
Chapter 39
بَابُ: {وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ}
Ayyash narrated to us: Abd al-Ala narrated to us: Ubaydullah narrated to us, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both: He recited: Compensation: feeding poor people. He said: It was abrogated.
Translation notes
قَرَأَ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مَسَاكِينَ
The Arabic contains only the phrase compensation: feeding poor people, while the English witness supplies additional wording about the choice and daily quantity.
Should the additional verse wording in the witness be excluded from this translation?
Chapter 40
مَتَى يُقْضَى قَضَاءُ رَمَضَانَ
Ahmad bin Yunus narrated to us: Zuhayr narrated to us: Yahya narrated to us, from Abu Salamah, who said: I heard Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, say: I would have fasts from Ramadan still due, and I could not make them up except in Shaaban. Yahya said: The preoccupation was because of the Prophet, or with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him.
Translation notes
The source preserves two possible prepositions in Yahya explanation, rendered here as because of the Prophet or with the Prophet.
الشُّغْلُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ أَوْ بِالنَّبِيِّ
Yahya gives two prepositional variants for the reason Aisha delayed making up the fasts; the English witness selects busy serving the Prophet.
Should the rendering preserve both variants or follow the witness explanation?
Chapter 41
الْحَائِضِ تَتْرُكُ الصَّوْمَ وَالصَّلاَةَ
Ibn Abi Maryam narrated to us: Muhammad bin Jafar narrated to us, saying: Zayd narrated to me, from Iyad, from Abu Said, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Is it not the case that when she menstruates, she does not pray and does not fast? That is a deficiency in her religion.
Chapter 42
مَنْ مَاتَ وَعَلَيْهِ صَوْمٌ
Muhammad bin Khalid narrated to us: Muhammad bin Musa bin Ayan narrated to us: My father narrated to us, from Amr bin al-Harith, from Ubaydullah bin Abi Jafar, that Muhammad bin Jafar told him, from Urwah, from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whoever dies with a fast due upon him, his guardian should fast on his behalf. Ibn Wahb also narrated it from Amr. Yahya bin Ayyub narrated it from Ibn Abi Jafar.
Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahim narrated to us: Muawiyah bin Amr narrated to us: Zaidah narrated to us, from al-Amash, from Muslim al-Batin, from Said bin Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: A man came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and said: Messenger of Allah, my mother died owing a month of fasting. May I make it up on her behalf? He replied: Yes. Then he said: Allah debt has more right to be fulfilled. Sulayman said: Al-Hakam and Salamah, while we were all sitting when Muslim narrated this hadith, said: We heard Mujahid mention this from Ibn Abbas. It is also reported from Abu Khalid: Al-Amash narrated to us, from al-Hakam, Muslim al-Batin, and Salamah bin Kuhayl, from Said bin Jubayr, Ata, and Mujahid, from Ibn Abbas, who said: A woman said to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: My sister died. Yahya and Abu Muawiyah said: Al-Amash narrated to us, from Muslim, from Said, from Ibn Abbas, who said: A woman said to the Prophet: My mother died. Ubaydullah narrated from Zayd bin Abi Unaysah, from al-Hakam, from Said bin Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas, who said: A woman said to the Prophet: My mother died owing a vowed fast. Abu Hariz narrated to us: Ikrimah narrated to us, from Ibn Abbas, who said: A woman said to the Prophet: My mother died owing fifteen days of fasting.
Translation notes
The source contains several transmission variants, including reports that identify the deceased as the speaker mother or sister and specify different forms or amounts of fasting owed.
وَقَالَ أَبُو حَرِيزٍ حَدَّثَنَا عِكْرِمَةُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ
The Arabic includes several further transmission variants, including a vowed fast and fifteen days of fasting; these are not in the English witness.
Should all of these Arabic transmission variants remain in the translated entry?