Fasting
كتاب الصوم
Chapter 26: If a person observing Saum ate or drank forgetfully
الصَّائِمِ إِذَا أَكَلَ أَوْ شَرِبَ نَاسِيًا
‘Ata’ said, “There is no harm if water goes in the throat and one is unable to bring it out while putting it in the nose and then blowing it out.”
Al-Hasan said, “If a fly enters one’s throat (while one is observing Saum), there is no harm in it.” Al-Hasan and Mujahid said, “If one has sexual intercourse forgetfully (with one’s wife) then no penalty will be imposed on him.”
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "If somebody eats or drinks forgetfully then he should complete his fast, for what he has eaten or drunk, has been given to him by Allah."
Chapter 27: Siwak for the person observing Saum (fast)
سِوَاكِ الرَّطْبِ وَالْيَابِسِ لِلصَّائِمِ
Narrated 'Amir bin Rabi`a, "I saw the Prophet cleaning his teeth with Siwak while he was fasting so many times as I can't count."
Narrated Abu Hurairah, "The Prophet said, 'But for my fear that it would be hard for my followers, I would have ordered them to clean their teeth with Siwak on every performance of ablution." The same is narrated by Jabir and Zaid bin Khalid from the Prophet who did not differentiate between a fasting and a nonfasting person in this respect (using Siwak).
Aishah said, "The Prophet said, "It (i.e. Siwak) is a purification for the mouth and it is a way of seeking Allah's pleasures." Ata' and Qatada said, "There is no harm in swallowing the resultant saliva."
I saw `Uthman performing ablution; he washed his hands thrice, rinsed his mouth and then washed his nose, by putting water in it and then blowing it out, and washed his face thrice, and then washed his right forearm up to the elbow thrice, and then the left-forearm up to the elbow thrice, then smeared his head with water, washed his right foot thrice, and then his left foot thrice and said, "I saw Allah's Apostle performing ablution similar to my present ablution, and then he said, 'Whoever performs ablution like my present ablution and then offers two rak`at in which he does not think of worldly things, all his previous sins will be forgiven."
Chapter 28: "Whoever performs ablution should put water in his nose and then blow it out."
بَابُ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ فَلْيَسْتَنْشِقْ بِمَنْخِرِهِ الْمَاءَ». وَلَمْ يُمَيِّزْ بَيْنَ الصَّائِمِ وَغَيْرِهِ
Al-Hasan said, “There is no harm for a person observing Saum (fast) (in this respect).
Al-Hasan said, “There is no harm for a person observing Saum (fast) to use snuff if it does not reach the throat, or to smear his eyes with kohl.”
‘Ata’ said, “If a person observing Saum (fast), after rinsing his mouth with water, throws it out, then; there is no harm, unless he swallows his saliva and what is left in his mouth.” And he should not chew gum, for if he swallows his saliva, I do not say that it will break his Saum (fast), but it is prohibited, and if, during the putting of water in the nose and then blowing it out, some water enters the throat and he is unable to bring it back, there is no harm in that.”
Chapter 29: Sexual intercourse with wife in Ramadan.
إِذَا جَامَعَ فِي رَمَضَانَ
Narrated Abu Hurairah on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ, “Whoever did not observe Saum (fast) for one day of Ramadan without genuine excuse or a disease, then even if he observed Saum (fast) for a complete year, it would not compensate for that day.” The same is narrated by Ibn Mas‘ud.
Sa‘id bin Al-Musaiyab, Ash-Sha‘bi, Ibn Jubair, Ibrahim, Qatada and Hammad said, “He should observe Saum (fast) one day in lieu of that missed day.”
A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said that he had been burnt (ruined). The Prophet (ﷺ) asked him what was the matter. He replied, "I had sexual intercourse with my wife in Ramadan (while I was fasting)." Then a basket full of dates was brought to the Prophet (ﷺ) and he asked, "Where is the burnt (ruined) man?" He replied, "I am present." The Prophet (ﷺ) told him to give that basket in charity (as expiation).
Chapter 30: Sexual intercourse with wife in Ramadan and the expiation of that.
إِذَا جَامَعَ فِي رَمَضَانَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ شَىْءٌ فَتُصُدِّقَ عَلَيْهِ فَلْيُكَفِّرْ
While we were sitting with the Prophet (ﷺ) a man came and said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! I have been ruined." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) asked what was the matter with him. He replied "I had sexual intercourse with my wife while I was fasting." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) asked him, "Can you afford to manumit a slave?" He replied in the negative. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) asked him, "Can you fast for two successive months?" He replied in the negative. The Prophet (ﷺ) asked him, "Can you afford to feed sixty poor persons?" He replied in the negative. The Prophet (ﷺ) kept silent and while we were in that state, a big basket full of dates was brought to the Prophet (ﷺ) . He asked, "Where is the questioner?" He replied, "I (am here)." The Prophet (ﷺ) said (to him), "Take this (basket of dates) and give it in charity." The man said, "Should I give it to a person poorer than I? By Allah; there is no family between its (i.e. Medina's) two mountains who are poorer than I." The Prophet (ﷺ) smiled till his premolar teeth became visible and then said, 'Feed your family with it."
Chapter 31: To feed family from sin expiation (kaffarah) if they are needy.
الْمُجَامِعِ فِي رَمَضَانَ هَلْ يُطْعِمُ أَهْلَهُ مِنَ الْكَفَّارَةِ إِذَا كَانُوا مَحَاوِيجَ
A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "I had sexual intercourse with my wife on Ramadan (while fasting)." The Prophet (ﷺ) asked him, "Can you afford to manumit a slave?" He replied in the negative. The Prophet (ﷺ) asked him, "Can you fast for two successive months?" He replied in the negative. He asked him, "Can you afford to feed sixty poor persons?" He replied in the negative. (Abu Huraira added): Then a basket full of dates was brought to the Prophet (ﷺ) and he said (to that man), "Feed (poor people) with this by way of atonement." He said, "(Should I feed it) to poorer people than we? There is no poorer house than ours between its (Medina's) mountains." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Then feed your family with it."
Chapter 32: Cupping and vomiting in Saum (fast)
الْحِجَامَةِ وَالْقَىْءِ لِلصَّائِمِ
Narrated Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه: “If a person observing Saum (fast) vomits, that does not break his Saum (fast), for while he vomits he expels something and does not swallow anything.”
It is mentioned from Abu Hurairah that vomiting breaks the Saum (fast), but the former narration is more authentic. Ibn ‘Abbas and ‘Ikrima said, “Observing Saum (fast) means to stop taking food in, not taking it out.” And Ibn ‘Umar رضي الله عنهما used to be cupped while he was observing Saum (fast) but later on he abandoned it and began to be cupped at night. Abu Musa was cupped at night. It is narrated that Sa‘d, Zaid bin Arqam and Umm Salama were cupped while observing Saum (fast). Bukair said: Umm ‘Alqama said: “We used to be cupped [during observing Saum (fast)] in ‘Aisha’s presence and she did not object. Al-Hasan and others narrate on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ, “The cupping and the cupped persons break Saum (fast) on practising this operation while Saum (fast).” ‘Aishah told me (Al-Bukhari) that ‘Abdul-A‘la narrated from Yunus from Al-Hasan as above. Somebody asked him, “Was that statement reported from the Prophet ﷺ?” He replied, “Yes,” and then added, “Allah knows better.”
The Prophet (ﷺ) was cupped while he was in the state of lhram, and also while he was observing a fast.
Anas bin Malik was asked whether they disliked the cupping for a fasting person. He replied in the negative and said, "Only if it causes weakness."
Chapter 33: To observe Saum (fast) or not during journeys
الصَّوْمِ فِي السَّفَرِ وَالإِفْطَارِ
We were in the company of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) on a journey. He said to a man, "Get down and mix Sawiq (powdered barley) with water for me." The man said, "The sun (has not set yet), O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)." The Prophet (ﷺ) again said to him, "Get down and mix Sawiq with water for me." The man again said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! The sun!" The Prophet (ﷺ) said to him (for the third time) "Get down and mix Sawiq with water for me." The man dismounted and mixed Sawiq with water for him. The Prophet (ﷺ) drank it and then beckoned with his hand (towards the East) and said, "When you see the night falling from this side, then a fasting person should break his fast."
Hamza bin `Amr Al-Aslami said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! I fast continuously."
(the wife of the Prophet) Hamza bin `Amr Al-Aslami asked the Prophet, "Should I fast while traveling?" The Prophet (ﷺ) replied, "You may fast if you wish, and you may not fast if you wish."
Chapter 34: If a person observed Saum for some days and then went on a journey.
إِذَا صَامَ أَيَّامًا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ سَافَرَ
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) set out for Mecca in Ramadan and he fasted, and when he reached Al-Kadid, he broke his fast and the people (with him) broke their fast too. (Abu `Abdullah said, "Al-Kadid is a land covered with water between Usfan and Qudaid.")
Chapter 35
We set out with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) on one of his journeys on a very hot day, and it was so hot that one had to put his hand over his head because of the severity of heat. None of us was fasting except the Prophet and Ibn Rawaha.
Chapter 36: It is not righteousness to observe Saum on a journey
بَابُ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِمَنْ ظُلِّلَ عَلَيْهِ، وَاشْتَدَّ الْحَرُّ: «لَيْسَ مِنَ الْبِرِّ الصَّوْمُ فِي السَّفَرِ»
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was on a journey and saw a crowd of people, and a man was being shaded (by them). He asked, "What is the matter?" They said, "He (the man) is fasting." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "It is not righteousness that you fast on a journey."
Chapter 37: Not to criticize each other for observing Saum or not (on journeys)
لَمْ يَعِبْ أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا فِي الصَّوْمِ وَالإِفْطَارِ
We used to travel with the Prophet (ﷺ) and neither did the fasting persons criticize those who were not fasting, nor did those who were not fasting criticize the fasting ones.
Chapter 38: Whoever broke his Saum (fast) on a journey (publicly).
مَنْ أَفْطَرَ فِي السَّفَرِ لِيَرَاهُ النَّاسُ
Ibn `Abbas said, "Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) set out from Medina to Mecca and he fasted till he reached 'Usfan, where he asked for water and raised his hand to let the people see him, and then broke the fast, and did not fast after that till he reached Mecca, and that happened in Ramadan." Ibn `Abbas used to say, "Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) (sometimes) fasted and (sometimes) did not fast during the journeys so whoever wished to fast could fast, and whoever wished not to fast, could do so."
Chapter 39: (The Statement of Allah تعالى): “And as for those who can fast with difficulty (e.g. the aged etc.) they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day).” (V.2:184)
بَابُ: {وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ}
Ibn `Umar recited the verse: "They had a choice either to fast or to feed a poor person for every day, and said that the order of this Verse was canceled.
Chapter 40: To make up for the missed days of fasting
مَتَى يُقْضَى قَضَاءُ رَمَضَانَ
Ibn ‘Abbas رضي الله عنهما said, “There is no harm to observe fasting intermittently, as the Statement of Allah تعالى shows: ‘... The same number [of days which one did not observe Saum (fasts) must be made up] from other days...’”
Sa‘id bin Al-Musaiyab said: “The ten days of Saum (fasting) (as Nawafil of Dhul-Hijjah) should not be observed till the fasting in lieu of the missed days of Ramadan were completed.”
Ibrahim said: “If somebody did not observe Saum (fast) in lieu of the missed days of Ramadan till the next Ramadan came, then he should observe Saum (fast) the present Ramadan and then the missed days of the previous Ramadan.” Ibrahim did not think that that person should feed the poor (as Fidya).
Narrated Abu Hurairah indirectly on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ and Ibn ‘Abbas that he should feed the poor. But Allah does not mention the feeding of the poor but only says: ‘... The same number [of days which one did not observe Saum (fasts) must be made up] from other days...’
Sometimes I missed some days of Ramadan, but could not fast in lieu of them except in the month of Sha'ban." Said Yahya, a sub-narrator, "She used to be busy serving the Prophet (ﷺ) ."
Chapter 41: The menstruating should leave the Saum and Salat
الْحَائِضِ تَتْرُكُ الصَّوْمَ وَالصَّلاَةَ
Abu Az-Zinad said, “Very often the Sunna (legal ways) and the truth go against the opinions, and for the Muslims there is no way out except to follow the truth and the Sunna (legal ways) of the Prophet ﷺ, and an example of that is that a menstruating woman should observe Saum (fast) in lieu of her missed Saum, but she is not to offer the Salat (prayer) in lieu of her missed Salat.”
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Isn't it true that a woman does not pray and does not fast on menstruating? And that is the defect (a loss) in her religion."